The First Crown Prince of Great Ming

In fact, what I most want to read about the history of the Ming Dynasty is Zhu Biao. Unfortunately, no one wrote about Zhu Biao. Why not write about Zhu Biao? Because Zhu Biao was basically a perfect person except for his early death. He was kind and versatile in civil and military affairs. From the emperor to the common people, ministers, younger brothers and sisters all looked forward to him becoming the emperor, and all of them (including military generals). To be honest, look at those generals who are still in charge of Zhu Biao. They have military power. Yes, that one has nothing to do with Zhu Biao, maybe because it is too perfect, so no one writes about it. They write about the emperors who are about to die every day, and see how they can turn the tide (as if they are obscene). To be honest, the country is about to be destroyed, and they can still make a comeback (not what is obscene). Zhu Biao is different. He is the only son of Zhu Chongba (the others are all princes), and some idiots say that Zhu Biao was not born to Empress Ma? Is the person who said these words a fool? He is not the biological son of Empress Ma. Zhu Yuanzhang can love him so much. Don't tell me about the eldest son. After Zhu Biao died, Zhu Yuanzhang still insisted on passing the throne to Zhu Biao's son (Zhu Yunwen was not the eldest son, but was born from a concubine). This shows that Zhu Yuanzhang The love for Zhu Biao (I love the house and the bird, it's a pity that Zhu Xiongying died, I hope he can survive in the novel), said that Lan Yu deserved to die, said that Lan Yu was too crazy, have you ever thought that with Zhu Yuanzhang's character, Lan Yu died so early because of Zhu Yuanzhang's character, why did he die after Zhu Biao's death, Lan Yu was crazy, but Lan Yu was determined Standing on Zhu Biao's side, do you understand? Lan Yu is Zhu Biao's uncle (Lanyu has no biological son). If you don't believe it, go to Baidu. Lan Yu can kill the prince for Zhu Biao. If Zhu Biao wants to oppose Zhu Yuanzhang, Lan Yu will be the first to charge, and Zhu Yuanzhang will ask Biao'er if he has enough soldiers. I will give you hundreds of thousands more troops, so It is said that Zhu Biao is perfect, because Zhu Biao has no objection at all. Basically, when Zhu Yuanzhang was in power, he completely delegated power, and Zhu Biao didn't even think about anything else. Therefore, Zhu Biao was said to be perfect. Zhu Yuanzhang only loved two people, one was Queen Ma and the other was Zhu Biao. There was actually a mentally retarded person who said that Zhu Biao was not born to Queen Ma? Just thinking about it makes me angry.

There are so many drawbacks to the enfeoffment system, why did Zhu Yuanzhang still enfeoff the kings? In the early Ming Dynasty, there were three major problems that had been plaguing Zhu Yuanzhang. First, the external situation is not optimistic. The Ming Army's Northern Expedition overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and recovered the Han Dynasty. However, the Ming army failed to completely annihilate the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty that retreated to Mobei. The result of the failure to completely annihilate the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty was that the Mongols were entrenched in Mobei, and their ambitions for restoration were still high. He has always been eyeing the Central Plains. The external situation of the Ming Dynasty was very unoptimistic. Second, there are hidden dangers of internal governance. Before the Ming army overthrew the Yuan Dynasty, the Central Plains and Han Dynasty south of the Great Wall and north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River had been ruled by northern ethnic minorities for more than two hundred years. The long-term disunity led to the estrangement between the northern and southern Han people in many aspects in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. This gap is no smaller than that between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait today. Third, the location of the capital was not ideal. No need to explain this. Nanjing is located in the southeast and is out of reach of the north. In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang was aware of the capital problem very early and conducted an inspection to move the capital. Xi'an, Luoyang, and Kaifeng are all within the scope of his inspection. Just moving the capital is too involved. Zhu Yuanzhang needs to consider everything before making a decision. Therefore, before Zhu Yuanzhang inspected the move of the capital, he thought of appointing his son to guard the border and temporarily move the capital by enfeoffing. This is why Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to restart the enfeoffment system in 1370. After understanding the reasons why Zhu Yuanzhang restarted the enfeoffment, let's look at the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty's enfeoffment. Compared with the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, the enfeoffment of the Ming Dynasty was different. The specific difference is reflected in two points. The first point is that the vassal kings of the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty were all internal. At the beginning of the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, the survivors of the Six Kingdoms did not recognize any emperor, but their King of Qi, King of Chu, and King of Zhao... Who would be the King of Qi, King of Chu, and King of Zhao...? Unimportant. The common people didn't know the previous king anyway. However, someone must be the king. Liu Bang implemented a parallel system of prefectures and states, implementing a system of prefectures and counties in the western part of the empire, and a feudal system in the eastern part. The original intention was to hope that the vassal king would govern Guandong, stabilize the internal governance, and strive not to repeat the situation of the Qin Dynasty II's death. The same goes for the Western Jin Dynasty. The three dynasties of Qin, Han and Wei before Jin. The Qin Dynasty did not engage in enfeoffment, and the second generation died. The Western Han Dynasty implemented enfeoffment, although it caused the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms. However, the Han Dynasty successfully escaped the fate of the second generation and relied on the vassal kings to complete the centralization of power. The country lasted for nearly two hundred years. Cao Wei did not engage in enfeoffment, and the emperor lost power only 29 years after the founding of the country. He died in almost three lifetimes. The Sima family, like the Cao family, was based on the gentry and usurped power. With the gems of Qin and Wei in front, Sima Yan naturally learned from the lessons of Qin and Wei after establishing the Jin Dynasty, and used the clan to control the army to suppress the expanding gentry in various places. Therefore, the enfeoffment of the Western Jin Dynasty was also internal. The emperor suppressed the power of the gentry by sealing vassals, and slowly completed the centralization of power. However, compared with the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty's vassal strategy obviously made a fatal mistake. That is because the emperor trusted the vassal king too much and sealed the vassal kings around the capital in the hope that the vassal king could join forces with the central government to check and balance the power of the gentry. This will lead to the alienation between the nobles and the emperor. Once the vassal king rebels and attacks the imperial power, no one can stand up to check and balance the vassal king and defend the emperor. Compared to Sima Yan, Liu Bang's skills back then were obviously superior. He enfeoffed the vassal kings to Guandong, and gathered the group of heroes and relatives in Guanzhong. The vassal king can raise troops to serve the king if the hero or his relatives backfire on the imperial power. The vassal king rebels in other places, and the heroes and relatives in the central government can assist the emperor in suppressing the rebellion. The emperor was always able to balance the forces of various factions and maintain a relatively stable foundation of rule. The enfeoffments of the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty were both internal. The enfeoffment of the Ming Dynasty was external. Zhu Yuanzhang divided the Liao, Ning, Yan, Gu, Dai, Jin, Qing, and Su kings into nine borders to guard the border fortresses and face foreign invasions. This is the lord's defense line on the outer screen. Separate the kings of Qin, Zhou, Lu, Qi and Chu into the second line. Deliberately keeping a few hundred miles away from the first-line vassal kings stationed at Jiubian. This is the lord's defense line on the inner screen. As for the area near Nanjing, it will not be crowned king. The purpose of his operation could not be more obvious, which was to let the feudal lord guard the outside as a barrier in the center. If the Mongols want to invade, they must first pass the external screen vassal level. After passing the first line barrier, there is still a second line barrier. The central government has enough time to deploy troops and generals. It would not be like the Song Dynasty, where the northern defense line was ineffective. As long as foreign enemies invade, they can reach the vicinity of the capital. In addition, the setting up of two barriers is also a natural check and balance for the feudal king. If the first-line outer screen vassal king rebels, the second-line inner screen vassal king will support him in the middle. The former's rebellion is unlikely to succeed. If the second-line inner screen vassal king rebels, the first-line outer screen vassal king will be responsible for copying the rear and cooperate with the central government to attack from both sides. The latter's rebellion will also be difficult to succeed. Because there are no vassal kings near the center, there is no need to worry about a repeat of the Western Jin Dynasty vassal kings' backlash against the imperial power, leading to the Eight Kings Rebellion. There is no need to worry about the rebellion in the border towns like the Tang Dynasty. The emperor had nothing to do with the towns. Many people criticize Zhu Yuanzhang, saying that he has a small peasant mentality and enfeoffs people just to pamper his sons. This is not right. Because Zhu Yuanzhang enfeoffed his sons, if he really wanted to dote on his sons, then there was no need for him to enfeoff his sons to the northern border and let them guard the border for him. Raising the sons in the prosperous Jiangnan, where they eat delicious food and drink spicy food, isn't this more pampering for the sons? In fact, in Zhu Yuanzhang's eyes, he was the only son. It's Zhu Biao. In his eyes, the other sons are just human tools that exist to maintain Zhu Biao's status. The second point is that the vassal kings of Han and Jin had great power. The vassal kings of the Western Han Dynasty were in their own territory, and they could seize the political, military and financial resources. The vassal kings of the Western Jin Dynasty weakened a little. Within the fiefdom, they had the power to collect taxes and support troops, but no administrative power. But it doesn't matter, because power comes from the barrel of a gun. The vassal king has money and guns, but is he afraid of losing political power? Therefore, the vassal kings of the Western Jin Dynasty could still fall out whenever they wanted. Compared with the Western Han and Western Jin Dynasty, the enfeoffment of the Ming Dynasty was more like a replica of the Yuan Dynasty's kings' out-of-town system. The feudal king has no territory, the so-called territory is the palace. The vassal king cannot support troops. The so-called military power is to protect the army of his own palace. Without central orders, the vassal king could not mobilize a single soldier in the imperial court's army. With no territory and no military power, the actual status of the vassal king was only equivalent to that of the general soldier. The only difference between them and the general soldiers is that they are princes. Zhu Yuanzhang's operation was obviously imitating the Yuan Dynasty's system of kings leaving town, trying to keep part of the military power in the hands of his own family members. To avoid losing military power and falling into the situation of the Tang and Song Dynasties where the emperor was weak and his ministers were strong. In summary. Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention of restarting the feudal system was to consolidate his rule. In a series of specific operations, he sealed the vassal king to other places, deliberately sealing him on the first and second lines, in order to consolidate his rule. Everything is to consolidate the rule of the Zhu family. However, even though Zhu Yuanzhang was very resourceful, he tried his best to avoid the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms and the Rebellion of the Eight Kings. But he still made a mistake. His missteps are specifically reflected in two points. First, the successor he selected, Zhu Yunwen, and the assistant ministers Huang Zicheng and Fang Xiaoru he selected for Zhu Yunwen were too pedantic.  After Zhu Yunwen succeeded to the throne, he started to reduce the vassal status. Cutting down the feudal clan is no problem in itself. If Zhu Yunwen had adopted Qi Tai's suggestion and directly sent people to arrest Zhu Di, there would have been no subsequent Battle of Jingnan. But Zhu Yunwen decided to adopt Huang Zicheng's suggestion and first cut down the second-line inner screen vassal kings such as the King of Zhou. Doing this would alert the enemy and put Zhu Di on guard. It also caused loopholes in the second inner screen vassal defense line deployed by Zhu Yuanzhang. The kings of Qi and Zhou were deposed, and King Lu was a baby again. When Zhu Di raised troops to quell Jingnan, there was no inner screen vassal king to defend him between Peiping and Nanjing. Yan Jun is like entering a vegetable garden, he can come and leave when he wants. The second mistake was that Zhu Yuanzhang killed the heroes indiscriminately, which resulted in the lack of at least a binding interest between the group of heroes with foreign surnames and the emperor. As mentioned earlier, the reason why the Western Han Dynasty was more powerful than the Western Jin Dynasty was that Liu Bang bound the interests of heroes and relatives to imperial power. The heroes and relatives can only maintain the glory of the family by being loyal to the emperor. Once the throne changes hands and the vassal king ascends the throne and re-employs a group of his confidants, everyone may have to step aside. (In fact, from the time Emperor Wen inherited the throne, the old group of heroes gradually withdrew from the political stage of the Western Han Dynasty) The emperor was assisted by strong men such as Zhou Bo, Chen Ping, Guan Ying, and Zhou Yafu, including the arrogant Lu family and the powerful Kwantung vassal kings, who were eventually crushed by the powerful central government. If, I mean if. If Zhu Biao had not died, it would have been impossible for Zhu Di to rebel with the help of the princelings left by Zhu Yuanzhang. Even if you rebel, you will be crushed by the central government. But Zhu Biao's death disrupted Zhu Yuanzhang's deployment. In order to support Zhu Yunwen in power, Zhu Yuanzhang had to kill the princelings. By the way, they also killed Fu Youde, the father-in-law of King Zhu Jixi of Jin Dynasty, and Feng Sheng, the father-in-law of King Zhu Ji of Zhou Dynasty. The result of Zhu Yuanzhang's indiscriminate killing of heroes and the succession of Zhu Yunwen, who was inexperienced in world affairs, was the political and military imbalance in the central government, and the vassal kings were alienated from the central government. Professional bureaucrats who came from non-heroic families and relied on imperial examinations to rise to power were also alienated from the emperor. In the eyes of the vassal king and a group of professional bureaucrats, whether they worship Emperor Jianwen as Zhengshuo or change their honor to Emperor Yongle. Everyone is loyal to the Zhu Ming royal family. Their interests and aspirations are diverse. Unlike the Heroes Group, which is highly bound to the emperor. When Zhu Yunwen was in power, there was a lack of strong people to assist him, and even the available secondary reserve talents were extremely scarce. Naturally, he could not contain Zhu Di's rebellion. Of course, then again. Zhu Di's rebellion was successful, and most of his "contribution" came from Zhu Yunwen. As long as he listens to Qitai's advice, he can cut through the mess quickly. None of them would end up being defeated and missing. So we cannot beat Zhu Yuanzhang to death with a stick for restoring the feudal system because of Zhu Yunwen's mistakes. After all, when a policy is launched, it must be in line with the background of the times and the actual situation at that time.

Zhu Biao: Please sign in as you pass by.

Let me give you a suggestion. The job of the prince and emperor is to govern the country and guide the country's moral agriculture and scientific and technological direction, not to be a craftsman. The emperor and prince do not need to invent. It just needs to be cured vertically. The invention is made by craftsmen from the Ministry of Industry and other technical talents. The emperor and the prince only need to be guided to understand the customs. Western learning spread to the East and cultures exchanged between the East and the West. Ask Huitong Guan Siyi Guan to translate the history books and languages ​​of European and East Asian and Southeast Asian countries, science and technology, military masterpieces, novels, classic literature, social theology books. Build a scientific system with Confucianism as the main body

I have read a lot of Ming Dynasty novels, but there are not many that I really like. This book happens to be one of them, and the difference is that the author used his own unique understanding to write about some things under the social conditions of the Ming Dynasty at that time, well, for example, what Lao Zhu did, what the protagonist did was reasonable and reasonable. For example, why Lao Zhu wants to kill those heroes and punish those arrogant and powerful generals is clearly written in the book, and the author also writes it very reasonably. This not only made me understand that when we look at some things in history, we should not bring it into the era we are in, but we should bring it into that era and bring into that person's perspective, so that we can more accurately understand why he did what he did. This book is undoubtedly very well written. For example, the author's understanding of the eight-legged essay and other aspects are very well written. I personally think the author's writing is great, great, great. Then, there are some people in Suping District. Sometimes the author's writing is not good. Oops, I want to say, have you read it? I'm just arrogant enough to post a comment. You should at least finish reading the book, right? Subscribe and then post some comments. You haven't even read the book, you just know the name, and then you post a comment. What are you doing? You are making things out of thin air, you are pinching lines out of thin air. The book written by the author is already a high-quality book, so it is naturally popular for a reason, so come on, author, I am optimistic about your next book. Of course, write this book well first, so come on.

My super self now has a sense of belonging. He Shengming's performance is great

I have read so many books, but few can accurately point out the terminal illness of the Ming Dynasty's collapse. Some people say that corrupt officials, eunuchs in power, natural disasters, and ignorant kings, I just want to say one thing, these are superficial phenomena, they can lead to the collapse of the country. Some people say that there are too many clans in the Ming Dynasty. This may be part of it, but it is definitely not the main thing. The core terminal illness of the Ming Dynasty is that the officials and gentry do not pay taxes. The second is that the imperial power does not go to the countryside,,. Among them, the first is the core of everything. If it is not solved, any wise ruler will be in vain. The distribution of national wealth will irreversibly enter the mode of national subjugation. I will tell you why. Since the Han Dynasty, the country has only the founding period as the heyday of a dynasty. Even if the country was uninhabited when it was founded, the reason is that there were few people who were exempted from tax at the time of the founding. Although the country is broken, it can control it to a limited extent and can collect more. Tax, if you have money and a wise king, you will have a strong army, so the country is strong. However, by the end of the dynasty, it should be at its peak. The population has increased greatly, and the land has been cultivated to the extreme. If the apportionment is as low as 10 times, it will start at 10 times. If the tax payers don't protest, even if they don't, it will bankrupt the farmers. Sell ​​the land and property and work as slaves to exempt people to get tax exemption, or just pay a part of the tax to the landlord... I'm too lazy to talk about it. I need to talk about this matter, at least I can say tens of thousands of words. , I'm tired of typing,,,

Expel the Tartars and restore China

The handsome crown prince

To be honest, I have never understood why so many people like the colonial tone in Ming and Qing novels? History has clearly proven that this form will definitely be destroyed, why do you still like it so much? Not to mention that we in China were once one of the victims of this form. Even if the productivity technology of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was not high enough, we could still enfeoff other feudal kings and turn the rest of the world into the color of China. It could also alleviate domestic pressure. The method would at least have a far-reaching impact than the colonies, right? Why do so many people like the colonies? Don't know