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This is one of Hardy's best works. The male protagonist is only eleven years old, his parents are dead, he is poor, lonely and sentimental, but his young heart has deep ambitions to seek progress. Xi De's experience is a reflection of the desire of a generation of educated young workers to change their status after rural education gradually became popular in Britain in the second half of the 19th century.

The protagonist Emma is a beautiful, intelligent and wealthy girl, and she is also an out-and-out dreamer. She enthusiastically pays attention to the romantic stories around her, but stubbornly believes that she will never fall into them. She took it upon herself to direct love affairs again and again for the orphan Harriet. When Harriet mistakenly thought she was in love with the magistrate Mr. Knightley, Emma was shocked to realize that she was also in love with Mr. Knightley.

"The Brothers Karamazov" is Dostoevsky's last novel and his pinnacle. The novel was serialized in the "Russian Herald" for two years and was completed in 1880. Dostoevsky himself passed away just four months after writing this masterpiece. The novel uses a real patricide case to describe the sharp conflict between the old Karamazov and his three sons, that is, two generations. The old Karamazov was greedy for money and lustful. He monopolized the inheritance left by his wife to his sons, and was jealous of a romantic woman with his eldest son Dmitri. One night, Dmitri suspected that his lover was having a tryst with the old man, so he broke into his home and almost beat the old man to death in a rage. After Dmitry fled in panic, the old Karamazov's illegitimate son Smerdyakov, who was hiding in secret and pretending to be ill, secretly killed the old man, causing a complicated and confusing murder that shocked the whole of Russia...

Tulliver, a miller in the town of St. Og by the Floss River, got into a lawsuit due to debts. After he lost the lawsuit and went bankrupt, the lives of his children Tom and Maggie changed significantly. After several years of hard work, the smart and diligent Tom finally saved enough money to pay off his debts and buy back the mill. However, Maggie's love suffered frequent setbacks due to Tom's opposition. When the two reconciled in crisis, the ferocious flood eventually swallowed the brother and sister...

One of the 37 world literary masterpieces recommended by Mao Dun for Chinese readers to read, and selected into the "Ideal Book Collection for Chinese Readers". One of the personal ideal books recommended by the French "Reading" magazine in 1999. The protagonist Emma committed adultery in pursuit of a romantic and elegant life. Eventually, she was ruined because she was in debt and could not repay it, and committed suicide by taking poison.

Arthur Conan Doyle's classic detective novels "The Complete Sherlock Holmes", including "A Study in Scarlet", "The Sign of Four", "A History of Adventures", "Memoirs", and "The Hound of the Baskervilles".

The works selected in this book come from the two periods before and after Chekhov's creation. Among the early works, in addition to "Chameleon" which is familiar to Chinese readers and has a certain realistic criticism, there are also some light-hearted and purely humorous novels. "The Man in the Trap" is the most famous of Chekhov's later novels selected in "Selected Short Stories of Chekhov". This novel expresses the dull and depressing atmosphere of the times and satirizes the generally rigid and restricted mental state of Russian society.

Arthur Conan Doyle's classic detective novels "The Complete Sherlock Holmes", including "A Study in Scarlet", "The Sign of Four", "A History of Adventures", "Memoirs", and "The Hound of the Baskervilles".

The novel takes the life experience of the heroine Margaret as the main line, and truly and proactively describes the tragic story of a prostitute who looks as holy and beautiful as a camellia in her heart. The novel pioneered the "Lady in Distress" series in French literature, focusing on the social issue of love corruption. It had a profound impact on the emergence of realist issue novels and the rise of realistic genre dramas in Europe in the second half of the 19th century.

After the protagonist d'Artagnan came to Paris, he joined King Louis XIII's musketeers and formed sworn friends with the other three musketeers. Queen Anna gave a diamond pendant to British Prime Minister Buckingham, but the queen's enemies wanted to steal the two diamonds on the pendant and make the queen embarrassed at the ball. Dartagnan then volunteered to go to England with three friends. After many twists and turns, he finally retrieved the pendant and saved the queen's reputation.

"The Old Man and the Sea" is a novella written by Hemingway in Cuba in 1951 and published in 1952. It is one of Hemingway's most famous works. It tells the story of an elderly Cuban fisherman who fights a huge marlin in the Gulf Stream far offshore.

The protagonist Yelena comes from a wealthy and aristocratic family, and has several enthusiastic suitors around her, but none of them are satisfied. Later, she met Insarov, a Bulgarian who actively fought for the liberation of the motherland and was prepared to fight for his whole life. She admired and loved him very much and married him despite the opposition of his parents. He went with him to Bulgaria to participate in the national liberation movement against Turkish slavery.

The protagonist Christophe emerged on the music scene at the age of 6, served as a court musician at the age of 11, and became a striking young musician. He is upright and has the courage to resist. This made his music career full of ups and downs and misfortunes. Secular prejudice, oppression from the powerful, and criticism from public opinion made him a lonely rebel. In a foreign country, he tenaciously fought against fate and faced adversity and setbacks with a brave and optimistic attitude.

"The Possessed" is a novella published by Dickens on Christmas Day in 1848. Chemist Ledlow had a rough life. His young lover and his sister who accompanied him in his struggle both died unfortunately. He encountered a ghost on Christmas Eve, and under the guidance of the ghost, he asked it to deprive him of all memories. At the end of the story, Ledlow accepted the rescue of Tianmilie, recovered his forgotten memories, and regained the warmth of humanity.

Baron Minhausen is a mysterious knight who is witty, brave, upright, passionate, and humorous. He is good at hunting, exploring, traveling, and fighting, and regards bragging as an honor. He often told his friends about his adventures and boasted about his abilities. Baron Minhausen's stories are absurd, ingenious, and full of bold imagination, making you laugh when you read them.

"The Old Man and the Sea" tells the story of an old man who fished alone at sea and had no harvest for several months. Later, he caught a large swordfish, fought with it for two days and two nights, and stabbed it to death with a spear gun. However, he was attacked by a shark on the way back. Although the old man, who lacked helpers and tools, killed several sharks, the swordfish was eaten by other sharks. When he entered the harbor, only a pair of bones were left in the swordfish.

"Breeze in the Willows" is a prose work that uses anthropomorphic animal images to describe pastoral life in England. The writing style is delicate and elegant, the description of nature is rich and smooth, and the story is interesting and full of philosophy. It is known as a model of British prose works. The novel creates a group of vivid animal images: the reckless but kind-hearted toad, the down-to-earth but poetic river rat, the loyal but innocent mole, the stubborn but fatherly old badger, and so on. Each of these vivid images retains the unique habits of animals, but the characters, thoughts, and behaviors of animals have been personified and socialized. The author's focus has transcended animal life and animal souls and invested in human life and spiritual world. Therefore, readers can gain an understanding of human life experience and value.

Goethe (1749-1832), a German literary giant. "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is his most important early work. This is an epistolary novel, and the author was only twenty-five years old when he wrote it. The novel describes the experiences and feelings of progressive young people about the despicable German society at that time, and expresses the author's reaction to the feudal moral hierarchy and his strong demand for individual liberation: the young Werther fell in love with a girl named Lotte, who was already engaged to someone else. The setback in love made Werther devastated. Later, Werther committed suicide because he was incompatible with feudal society and felt that his future was hopeless. "The Sorrows of Young Werther" came out in 1775. Its publication was considered an epoch-making event in the history of German literature; it shocked the hearts of an entire generation of young people in Germany and even Europe.

Geoffrey Chaucer's beautiful wife Philippa fell ill. In order to treat her illness, he set out to the famous pilgrimage site Canterbury to pay homage. On the way, he stayed at the Tybald Inn with the pilgrims to Canterbury. The next day, the shopkeepers and pilgrims set out with him. The innkeeper proposed that each of them tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back, and the one who was recognized as the best storyteller could have a sumptuous supper for free on the return. So, under the auspices of the shopkeeper, the noble knight began to tell the first story...

This book is Paul Heizer's most representative collection of short stories and short stories, which not only describes pure love, but also praises beautiful human nature. The plot has ups and downs, and almost every work is rich in rare classical drama and romantic legend.

Jane Eyre, who was born into a poor family, fell in love with Rochester when she was working as a tutor. At their wedding, Jane Eyre discovered a mad woman hiding in the attic of Rochester's house, and she turned out to be Rochester's first wife. Jane Eyre left angrily. Soon, the mad woman burned the manor, and Rochester became blind and fell into poverty. Just when he was desperate for life, Jane Eyre came back to him.

There are twelve novels in "The Collected Works of Hemingway" including "The Old Man and the Sea", "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", "Capital of the World", "The Light of the World", "Happy Gentlemen", "The Big Change", "You Will Never Do This", "The Mother of a Homosexual", "Salute to Switzerland", "Three Days of Wind" and "Farewell". "Weapons", among which "The Old Man and the Sea" is a masterpiece of Hemingway's unique style. The old man's perseverance, his generosity and kindness, and his full love for boys all symbolize the beautiful character of mankind. The anti-war novel "A Farewell to Arms" published in 1929 had a strong social effect and also brought Hemingway great reputation.

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This book is a representative work of Balzac, the famous French novelist in the 19th century, and is included in the "Private Life Scenes" of "A Study of Customs" in "Comedy Humane". The protagonist in the book, Old Man Goriot, is an old noodle seller in Paris, France. For the sake of his two vain daughters who strived to live a decent life in the upper class, he spent all his last property and died alone and desolately without the company of his relatives. The tragedy of Old Man Goriot unveiled the tenderness of family in capitalist society and revealed the naked nature of money transactions. This important work shows the French society in the first half of the 19th century, reflecting the decadence and luxury of the aristocratic life at that time, and also reproduces the life styles of all social classes at that time.

The incident occurred during the Anglo-French North American Colonial War from 1755 to 1763. Major Duncan Hayward, a young British officer, accompanied the two girls to defect to their father. On the way they met a hunter nicknamed "Eagle Eye" and his two Mohican friends. Led by Hawkeye and others, Hayward and others finally arrived at Fort William Henry...

"David Copperfield (Volume 1)" is a long masterpiece with more than 800,000 words, centered on the open-minded intellectual David Copperfield. Through the daily life, studying and making a living, making friends and love, and travel writings of various people in the book, it fully expresses the humanitarian views advocated by the author throughout his life, and also depicts a series of eye-catching stories. Unforgettable characters: the gentle and intelligent ideal female Agnes, the eccentric Miss Trowu, the simple and kind Peggotty brothers and sisters... Among all Dickens's works, "David Copperfield" covers the widest range of social life content, shows the most complex and rigorous story structure, and is unique in the history of world literature.

Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" caused widespread sensation after its publication. This work won the 54th Nobel Prize for Literature. The old man fished alone at sea and had no harvest for eighty-four days. Then on the eighty-fifth day, he caught a very big fish, fought with it for two days and two nights, and stabbed it to death with a spear gun. However, on the way back, he encountered a shark attack. Wave after wave of sharks came to snatch food. Although the old man, who lacked helpers and tools, killed several sharks, the big fish was also eaten by other sharks. When he returned to the port, only a set of bones was left in the big fish.

The story of "The Noble House" takes place in 1842 and eight years later; the protagonist Lavretsky is the last representative of the nobility who has lost the "enthusiasm" of the serf owners. The decline of the noble house is irreversible, and the collapse of serfdom is inevitable; but who will inject new vitality into Russian society, and where should Russia go? Neither Lavretsky nor the author himself can give a clear answer. Lavretsky just vaguely felt that he should do something useful and that the future should be bright. As the last representative of the serfdom aristocracy, looking back on the past, Lavretsky felt that his life was wasted. "Extinguish it, this useless life!" Lavretsky lamented helplessly in the lyrical "Epilogue".

"David Copperfield (Volume 2)" is a long masterpiece with a length of more than 800,000 words, centered on the open-minded intellectual David Copperfield. Through the daily life, studying and making a living, making friends and love, and travel writings of various people in the book, it fully expresses the humanitarian views advocated by the author throughout his life, and also depicts a series of eye-catching stories. Unforgettable characters: the gentle and intelligent ideal female Agnes, the eccentric Miss Trowu, the simple and kind Peggotty brothers and sisters... Among all Dickens's works, "David Copperfield" covers the widest range of social life content, shows the most complex and rigorous story structure, and is unique in the history of world literature.

The work tells the story of 10 young men and women who took refuge in a villa during the plague epidemic in Florence in 1348. They feasted all day long and each told a story every day, 100 stories in 10 days, hence the name "The Decameron". Many of the stories are based on historical events and medieval legends. In "The Decameron", Boccaccio sung the praises of this worldly life, praised love as the source of wisdom and beautiful sentiments, condemned asceticism, and made a powerful satire on the depravity of the feudal aristocracy and the shameless debauchery of the Catholic Church. The work adopts a frame structure to connect one hundred stories together, making the whole book coherent. The language of the work is concise and humorous, and the characters and objects are described with subtlety.

"Treasure Island" is an unforgettable story of betrayal that reflects the acute struggle between good and evil. The two parties fighting to the death for the treasure are actually not the real owners of the treasure. However, in the author's opinion, since it was the squire who hired the sailors, including Silver, the entire crew should be as loyal to the squire as Captain Smollett was and should not have any improper thoughts. However, from the perspective of behavioral motivations, the squire and those who are loyal to the squire are honest, dutiful, and kind, while Silver and his gang of pirates are basically hypocritical, unfair, and evil. This struggle revolves around the villain Silver, a murderous pirate leader. After a fierce battle, "good" finally defeated "evil".

Jack London is a famous American realist writer who enjoys a high status in modern American literature and world literature. He is good at using the actions of characters to express themes and ideas. The characters have distinctive personalities, the plots are compact, and the writing is concise and vivid, with considerable appeal. He loved struggle and adventure throughout his life and wrote more than 50 short stories, novels and stories. Many of them can be called classics of short stories, providing vivid material for people to understand Americans and their characters.

This book brings together more than twenty masterpieces of short stories and short stories from German-speaking countries. These popular and representative masterpieces are filled with the unique charm of German literature of different styles; novels by German masters such as Hoffmann and Kleist exude the fragrance of the mysterious "orchid". : The works of Swiss novelists such as Keller and Gotthelf are full of bright sunshine and fresh air in the Alps; the stories told by the Austrian writer Kafka, known as the "Shakespeare of short stories and short stories", are full of deep and picturesque poetry like the Danube River.

Rebecca lives in the home of two aunts, and the contradictions and conflicts between her and the rigid and conservative aunt Miranda reflect the rapid development of society after the American Civil War and the contradictions and struggles between old and new ideas, especially old and new educational ideas. Miranda wanted to use traditional concepts to shape Rebecca into a well-behaved lady, but Rebecca, with the influence of the social environment, school education, and the help of her teachers and friends, pursued knowledge, ideals, and freedom, and became a person who has a clear sense of love and hate, dares to do things, is helpful, full of love, and has a strong sense of responsibility. Not only did she change Aunt Miranda with her intelligence and strength of personality, making her cheerful and feel the joy of life, but also everyone who came into contact with her would be infected by her innocent, lively, imaginative and sympathetic character and like her. It is not without reason that she is regarded by Americans as "the model of American girls and women for a century."

Bacon was born into an official family in London on January 22, 1561. A good family education made Bacon mature earlier, and he showed unusual intelligence in all aspects. While studying at Trinity College, Cambridge University, he had doubts about traditional concepts and beliefs, and began to think independently about society and life. This book "On Life" is a collection of Bacon's essays. It is divided into the first volume "On Life" and the second volume "The Wisdom of the Ancients", and is named after the first volume. It is true that Bacon, who was rich and profound, had outstanding achievements in the world of science, nature, and philosophy. We cannot read his works in isolation of his social thoughts and philosophical thoughts. However, the master's accomplishments lie in integrating the humanities and natural sciences, and in condensing the charm of his personality and thoughts into beautiful and gorgeous words for later generations to understand.

This book collects several short stories and short stories by Hemingway, the "tough guy in the literary world" in the United States, among which "The Old Man and the Sea" is the representative one. The old man Santiago subdued the big fish alone at sea. After being exhausted, he took turns fighting the sharks that came to prey on the big fish. Hemingway praised the old man's bravery, perseverance, and tenacious fighting spirit, which still inspires readers to face life bravely.

The work "The Decameron (Part 2)" tells the story of ten young men and women who took refuge in a villa during the plague epidemic in Florence in 1348. They feasted all day long and each told a story every day. They told a hundred stories in ten days, hence the name "The Decameron". Many of the stories are based on historical events and medieval legends. In "The Decameron", Boccaccio praised real life, praised love as the source of wisdom and beautiful sentiments, condemned asceticism, and made a powerful satire on the depravity of the feudal aristocracy and the shameless debauchery of the Catholic Church. The work adopts a frame structure to connect one hundred stories together, making the whole book coherent. The language of the work is concise and humorous, and the characters and objects are described with subtlety.

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"Hunter's Notes" is Turgenev's famous work and his first realist masterpiece. It occupies a very important position in his entire literary creation. "Hunter's Notes" is a feature collection with a unique form. His first feature "Hory and Kalinich" was originally published in the first issue of the Russian magazine "Modern Man" in 1847. Most of the subsequent chapters were also published in the same magazine one after another. Until 1852, the author compiled twenty-one features that had been published successively, plus an unpublished new work "Two Landlords", and published it in a separate volume under the title "Hunter's Notes". By 1880, the author added three more chapters: "The End of Chertopkhanov" (1872), "The Sound of Wheels" (1874), and "The Withered Woman" (1874), totaling 25 chapters, which became the final version of the novel during his lifetime. It is this final version that we are basing our translation on today.

When talking about British literature, one cannot fail to mention Dickens; when talking about Dickens, one cannot fail to mention "David Copperfield". The Russian writer Leo Tolstoy once ranked this book with the "Bible" and praised it as: "The best of all British novels." It is indeed a rare classic in the history of literature. The protagonist David is a typical intellectual who is kind, philanthropic, honest, diligent, pragmatic and enterprising. Although he had had wrong ideas and ridiculous behaviors, his wife's words of "never be mean and selfish, never cheat, never be cruel" became his motto, and Agnes with her hand pointing upward was his "guiding light".

The novel describes Du Luohua, who has a beautiful appearance, as a shameless man who uses all means to climb up. He is good at seizing opportunities and using women to make a fortune. In a short period of time, he has become famous and gained huge wealth and a dizzying social status.

This version of "The Old Man and the Sea" is designated and recommended by four well-known writers, Mai Jia, Su Tong, Alai, and Ma Jiahui. Mai Jia, the winner of the Mao Dun Literature Award, wrote a preface with an in-depth explanation: From the world to the soul. "We can have nothing, but we can't be without hope and we can't lose our fighting spirit." "The Old Man and the Sea" tells the story of an elderly Cuban fisherman who fished alone at sea and caught nothing for eighty-four days. On the 85th day, he caught a huge marlin. The marlin dragged the old man and his boat into the Gulf Stream far offshore. After two days and two nights of fighting, the old man finally caught the marlin, but was attacked by a group of sharks on his way back. He fought with the shark for a day and a night, and in the end he only had a broken tiller as a weapon. The marlin was eaten by sharks and only the skeleton remained. Finally, the old man dragged the big fish skeleton back to the shore exhausted. But the old man did not lose hope and confidence. After resting, he was ready to go to sea again.

The Nobel Prize in Literature, with its great spirit of human idealism, provides an eternal standard for world literature. It includes poetry, novels, prose, drama, philosophy, history and other different genres. Masterpieces of different styles are full of brilliance and unique characteristics, comprehensively showing the overall situation of world literature in the 20th century. Although these writers with very different approaches have different languages, concepts, and backgrounds, their majestic attitude of holding high the banner of ideologicalism is the same, and their spirit of freedom of courageous pursuit is the same. Their majestic appearance is reflected in their works; their spirit is reflected in the words of these works. This series of books contains all the essence of their works that are revered by all generations. This series of books has erected a literary monument for us in the 20th century.

From the inner monologue of a gambler, the author Dostoevsky uses his unique way of observation to describe the story of a gambler.

The retired flour merchant Goriot was squeezed out of his money by his two biological daughters and died miserably in his attic; the aristocratic young man Rastignac took the first step to climb up under the corruption of Parisian society; the hard-labour fugitive seduced Rastignac, conspired to fight for the inheritance, and was arrested after his identity was exposed; the Parisian noblewoman was frustrated in love and withdrew from the upper class society. This book runs through four clues, revealing the dominant role of money and the evils of money worship in Parisian society in the early 19th century, and revealing the social reality of rampant human desires.

A short story written by the French realist writer Mérimée, which tells the story of the adventures of a free-spirited Gypsy girl engaged in smuggling.

"Around the World in Eighty Days" tells the story of a fantasy journey that started out as a result of a bet: without a plane and could only take trains and cruise ships, the British gentleman Fokker and his servant "Master" experienced many difficulties and obstacles, and finally completed the amazing feat of traveling around the world in eighty days. The thrilling journey, the strange local customs, the protagonist's valuable qualities of honesty and trustworthiness, and his calm and extraordinary wisdom are eye-opening for readers. After the work was published, it caused a sensation and was reprinted many times. After being adapted into a script by the author himself in 1874, it was also widely welcomed.

It revolves around the daily life of a moderately wealthy gentleman's family in a small British town. Mr. Bennet has five beautiful daughters, and Mrs. Bennet dreams of finding handsome and wealthy husbands for her five daughters. At this time, there happened to be a young rich boy, Mr. Bingley, who was preparing to move into the village where they were located. When Mr. Bingley and his friend Mr. Darcy appeared in front of everyone, Mrs. Bennet was full of confidence and determined that her beautiful and gentle eldest daughter Jane would definitely become the hostess of Mr. Bingley's villa, and Mr. Bingley and Jane did fall in love at first sight. Mr. Bingley's friend Mr. Darcy is a handsome and arrogant young man. His status and wealth are beyond the reach of everyone, but his indifference and aloofness are also disgusting to everyone. Elizabeth was a lively, alert, elegant and good-tempered girl. Her low status but smart and lovely personality deeply touched Darcy's heart. When he decided to condescend to...

In the history of French literature, in addition to his novels, Daudet is also one of the writers who has achieved high achievements in the creation of short stories. If Maupassant is the master of narrative short stories, Daudet is the pioneer of prose short stories. He gives short stories more poetry and charm. The main collections of short stories include "The Mill Letters" and "Monday's Story". This book selects 14 excellent short stories and short stories such as "The Last Lesson" and the semi-autobiographical novel "Little Things", allowing readers to enjoy the beauty of the author's elegant style and profound charm. In particular, "The Last Lesson" was included in middle school Chinese textbooks, influencing generations of students.

"White Nights" tells the story of four nights of heart-to-heart exchanges between a man who lives by fantasy and Nastenka, a girl whose parents died when she was young, who lives with her grandmother and has a lifelong private contract with her tenant. The pursuit of love has closely linked them together, turning them from strangers into confidants and even lovers. However, the commitment and care for love have made them return to their respective places. The former is still living in fantasy, while the latter is getting married to the one he loves.