Novels like The Clue System: No Criminal Can Escape
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as The Clue System: No Criminal Can Escape, best match first.
- 151 Notebook No. 9 第九号笔记本 An unsigned letter leads Lu Jing, a special police instructor, to a deserted village that has been erased from the map. At the bottom of a well, he finds records of Japanese military experiments from 1939. That same night, he encounters something that should not exist: mutated people who move sluggishly and have black blood. He escapes by sheer luck, but an undying black pattern remains on his left arm. The hexagonal particles in his blood sample match the investigation notes of Li Zhiwei's late 3Reads—Score—14d adds
- 152 Code of the Killer 逐凶密码 130Reads9.3Score—14d adds
- 153 Casework: My Epic Showdown with the Criminal! 探案，我与案犯巅峰对决！ A nightmare from the start: transmigrate into a murder suspect's body, then turn around and teach the police how to solve the case. After transmigrating to a parallel world, Wu Wei becomes a high school senior filling out his college entrance exam application. Before he can finish entering the code for his final school, two police officers show up in his classroom. Officers: We suspect you committed murder! Wu Wei: ??????!!! After merging his memories, he analyzes the bloodstains... The officers 803Reads7.0Score11514d adds
- 154 The Reborn Detective: Who Uses a Golden Finger to Solve Cases? 神探重生：谁破案用金手指啊 My new work is out! You can read it on Tomato Novel. I hope you’ll enjoy it. Your support motivates me to write, and I’ll do my best to tell every story well! 1.7kReads8.7Score21814d adds
- 155 Special Case Task Force 318 318特案行动 In this world, some yearn for the light, while others sink into darkness. No matter how long darkness lasts, the light will eventually shine upon the world. A bizarre arson case from thirty years ago leads to several murders. One strange and eerie case after another, each story gripping and moving. Policewoman Xiao Nan is here to solve the cases, uncover the truth about her own origins, and deliver justice that is thirty years overdue! 7.8kReads9.1Score73014d adds
- 156 Police: Wow, I’ve Seen This Big Case Before 警察：芜湖，这个大案我看过 Li Boyang’s Douyin recommendations were either people being steamed alive, a boss dismembering a waitress and turning her into beef noodles, or entire families being wiped out. His account had become a steady stream of ruthless criminals in the morning, major cases at noon, and dismemberments at night. As a result, he had watched a mountain of major criminal cases from the 1990s. Strangely enough, Li Boyang transmigrated to a parallel world in the 1990s and became a police officer at the Wudu Ci 393Reads5.6Score—14d adds
- 157 Shocking! This Police Officer Uses Magic to Solve Cases! 震惊！这个警察办案用法术！ My new book, You're a Beat Cop, Is It Really Appropriate to Steal Homicide's Work?, is another crime-solving story of the same type. I hope you'll show it lots of support! Ye Fei unexpectedly transmigrates to a parallel world with the skills of a spirit binder. He becomes a rookie just assigned to a police station. By chance, he comes across a bizarre murder case. The victim has become a rotting corpse whose identity can no longer be confirmed, and none of his colleagues can figure out what to d 434Reads7.4Score10214d adds
- 158 Tracking the Unsolved Case 迷案追踪 Twenty years ago, a brutal murder took place in Jiangcheng. Song Xiaotian, captain of the city’s criminal investigation squad, was murdered at home. His pregnant wife, Yao Yao, was not only brutally killed but also had her abdomen cut open to take the baby. Their eldest son, Song Yunran, was five years old at the time. Traumatized by the ordeal, he lost his memory and could recall nothing about what had happened that night. Fearing the killer would come after him, Yao Yun, Song Yunran’s aunt, se 6.2kReads9.0Score71514d adds
- 159 Trainee Captain of the Criminal Police 见习刑警队长 [Cool, aloof rookie beauty x spoiled rich playboy] Xia Ying, a cool and aloof beauty on the force, is forced to join the Haicheng Police Division, where she meets Xin Yi, a captain newly transferred from Beicheng. One is an icy beauty who is hard to get along with and only wants to solve cases; the other is a carefree playboy who repeatedly cracks bizarre cases. A knight straight out of a painting, a ghost singing in a theater at midnight, an isolated island, a castle concealing the truth... Beh 336Reads9.0Score—14d adds
- 160 The Forensic Detective Who Can See the Dead's Lingering Souls 刑侦神探之我能看到死者残魂 Crime investigation, deduction, suspense, case-solving, and supernatural fiction. This is a collection of standalone cases, focused entirely on solving crimes, with plenty of cases! Bloody slaughter at a wedding, a Five Elements and yin-yang massacre, ghostly murders at an academy, a terrifying nursery rhyme, a death letter written in blood, a prison in the Eighteenth Layer of Hell, a sacrificial altar... Join Lu Junchen, captain of the criminal investigation squad, and his team as they solve on 6Reads—Score—14d adds
- 161 Captain, Stop Flirting: The Forensic Doctor Is Losing His Mind 警花队长别撩了，法医先生要疯了 Ye Xi, a former narcotics officer, was suddenly appointed captain of a criminal investigation team. In a short time, she solved one difficult case after another, earning the respectful nickname Captain Ye from everyone around her. Ye Xi had always kept her personal and professional lives strictly separate, until Si Ye unexpectedly entered her life. Their first meeting was a comedy of errors. Si Ye came across her at her lowest and, with one offhand warning, set their fates on a tangled course. I 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 162 Newtown Homicide 新城追凶 In a lively new coastal city, all kinds of bizarre crimes occur amid seemingly ordinary lives. The officers of the Special Investigations Unit rely on their solid professional skills and their determination to solve every major case, sifting through clues until they identify the real culprit. Adapted from a popular, large-scale crime investigation radio drama of the same name, this novel features gripping plots and vivid prose, offering readers an immersive experience that makes them feel as if 495Reads7.7Score4914d adds
- 163 Murder Case Alert Line 命案警戒线 As an ordinary homicide detective, Huo Xiang considers herself hardworking and tireless: digging up dismembered bodies in sewers, going undercover in red-light districts; hunting killers in remote forests, defusing bombs in skyscrapers; battling criminals at lavish banquets, catching fugitives at barbecue stalls. Huo Xiang has just one question: “When will I get to have a proper date with my celebrity boyfriend?” Her celebrity boyfriend, Shi Zuo, says, “My girlfriend is so obsessed with solving 251Reads9.2Score11214d adds
- 164 The Palace Case 宫案 [Mystery + strange encounters and urban legends + deduction + psychology + crime + high-IQ crime + supernatural suspense] A partnership across 400 years to solve historical mysteries Su Yue, a famous psychological counselor, is accidentally caught up in the mysterious death of a popular young actress suffering from depression, who falls from a building. Forced to move out of her home, she settles into a secluded house in the suburbs, where a strange, abandoned mailbox stands outside. While helpi 1.2kReads9.3Score15514d adds
- 165 The Shepherd 领羊 Leading the Sheep 212Reads—Score214d adds
- 166 A Double Murder in an Aristocratic Estate 高门私宅双杀命案 This is a true tragedy that took place in Cixi County, Zhejiang Province, during the Jiaqing era of the Qing dynasty. After a heavy rain, a father and son who had gone up the mountain to gather herbs discovered a woman's body on the hillside behind the Chen residence. The victim was identified as Chen A Mao, the eldest daughter of the Chen family. Chen Yongjin, head of the Chen family, claimed that his granddaughter A Mao had been having an affair with their servant Gao Hongtong, and that in a —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 167 The Evil Tale (Complete) 恶谭（全文） [Suspense + criminal investigation + deduction + episodic cases + the depths of human nature + no romance + crime-solving focus] “When a person’s heart is filled with darkness, evil takes root there. The guilty are not the criminals, but those who create the darkness.” A distress call received in the early hours comes from a dead person’s phone number. A murder in a village is reported in the news, with the Wolf God suspected of being responsible! Men in Liangcheng are repeatedly found to have b 1.4kReads8.8Score19714d adds
- 168 How Could Anyone in Crime Investigation Stay Sane? 干刑侦的哪有不疯的 The rating just came out. It'll go up! [Highly capable, icy policewoman vs. commanding, all-round criminal investigation captain] Tan Nian'an inherits her father's badge number and joins the criminal investigation squad as a parachuted-in deputy captain. She wants to uncover the truth behind her parents' brutal deaths, find the younger brother who was taken from her, and become a good police officer. But when Zhou Yan first sees her, he doesn't think she'll be able to stay. She's too beautiful, 5.6kReads8.7Score69514d adds
- 169 The Crab Coroner 螃蟹仵作 [Modern professional elite & proud, scheming constable] [Classic mystery format & twist after twist & transmigration and transformation & top-notch investigations & two strong, complementary leads & so thrilling it’ll make your head spin] After solving a paranormal case on Mianbi Island and losing her job, rookie doctor Wang Xiaoxia resolutely sets off for home. Forced to enter a mysterious ancestral tomb, she unexpectedly gains a miserable cheat ability imbued with mysterious power, and begins 15Reads—Score—14d adds
- 170 Suspenseful Investigation 悬侦 The city is a vast chessboard, and all living beings are its pieces. He heard the sound of a chess piece falling: a taunt from hell, and a death knell leading to the truth. Every cold case has an ending. He used the dead as a mirror to reconstruct the sins of the living, and the chess game as a ruse to conceal a heart that devoured people. 819Reads—Score—14d adds
- 171 The Eye of Judgment: From the Start, I Engineer Accidents to Sentence Criminals 审判之瞳：开局设计意外裁决罪犯 A murderer is still roaming free? Deliver judgment successfully and randomly receive hacker-level network intrusion skills. Wrongfully accused of murder for no reason? Clear the case and randomly receive X-ray vision. A headless cold case has no suspect? Solve it and randomly receive master-level fighting skills. Xu Mo is reborn in a parallel world, where he gains the divine power of the Eye of Judgment and awakens the Judgment System. Taking on the identity of the Ace of Spades, he punishes cri 692Reads7.9Score10014d adds
- 172 Rejected on a Dating Show, So I Arrested the Female Guest 相亲节目表白被拒，逮捕女嘉宾 Handsome and charming Han Cheng was forced by his mother to appear on a dating show. Hoping to activate the System, the socially anxious young man nervously confessed his feelings to the girl he liked in front of a million viewers, only to be mocked! “The male contestant’s financial situation is terrible! A salary of three thousand yuan won’t even cover one bottle of makeup!” “I’d rather cry in a BMW than laugh on a bicycle!” … His confession was rejected! Han Cheng immediately arrested the gir 6.3kReads8.1Score51914d adds
- 173 Nameless Detective Agency 无名侦探事务所 [Two male leads + true couple + both pure + no angst + secret crush + lots of romance from the middle onward!!] [Mystery and deduction. Police officer He Wei x Bai Jian'an, a morally ambiguous, two-faced “detective.” Working together to solve cases, no System, high intelligence, and all kinds of unhinged characters gathered in one place] Two years ago, an “ordinary” murder took place in Yue'an City. The killer’s method was nothing unusual, but the strange thing was that no clues were found at th 2.8kReads8.8Score47714d adds
- 174 Someone New Appeared in the Footage 录像里多出一个人 The test shoot’s discarded footage was four seconds longer. Everyone in the frame held the same poses they had at the end of filming. No one moved. I counted three times. There were six people every time. But only five people had been there that day. On the hard drive my mother left behind, there was an empty folder with a four-character name: Do Not Fast-Forward. In the recycle bin was a deleted video, four minutes and twenty-five seconds long, which couldn’t be recovered. Our production crew w 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 175 Lost in You 沉溺 A week ago, An Lan’s criminal investigation unit received a report about a strange kidnapping that had taken place on the night of the twenty-fifth of this month. The people who reported it were Long Jia, a student who had taken a year-long leave from Provincial Normal University, and her mother. During the rescue operation, an anonymous video appeared on the campus video-bulletin website of Xuan City’s famous Provincial Normal University. These two seemingly unrelated exposés would set off the 846Reads8.8Score—14d adds
- 176 Captain Shen's Madness Turns a Crime Thriller into a Sweet Romance 沈队靠疯，把刑侦文硬掰成甜宠文 [Mystery + deduction + sweet romance] [Seven-year age gap + government-employed boyfriend + ruthless pursuit] [Reader advisory: This is a fictional setting, very fictional] Mad-dog, nurturing mom-type police captain x gentle, S-obsessed fairy-like policewoman Eight years ago, Yan Wan's father was murdered by the person he had helped through legal aid. Of the family of four, only Yan Wan survived. Eight years later, Shen Hong finds Yan Wan and uses her father's death to threaten her into using he 2.1kReads9.1Score31414d adds
- 177 The Mystery: Chasing the Light 谜局：逐光 The first book in the Mystery Series: Mystery: Chasing the Light [Two male leads + only each other + older love interest + no angst + happy ending + multiple side couples] * Fifteen years ago, his parents died in an “accident.” For fifteen years, he searched desperately for the one ray of “light” that could guide him. Fifteen years later, he joined the police force with top marks and finally found himself standing behind that man. * Huo Ye is the youngest captain of the criminal investigation un 3.4kReads9.2Score50214d adds
- 178 I Solve Cases to Score Free Food at the Court of Judicial Review 我靠破案在大理寺蹭吃蹭喝 Mystery/Detective Frost veils his silver mask, dust stains his white hair, and Pei Shaoqing's fate was written in the Book of Life and Death long ago. Yet he insists on using the last of his strength to defy fate and unravel the mystery that even the gods have fallen silent before, all for her. Born with white hair, he was destined to grow old by her side; and the name Jiang Tang is the only sweetness in his life. 2.6kReads8.2Score32214d adds
- 179 Crime Scene 凶案现场 Take a close look at every crime scene. With unconventional investigative methods and a uniquely compelling perspective, you'll feel as if you're right there experiencing each murder. Keep some fast-acting heart medication nearby, just in case. Case one: A 19-year-old high school student is found dumped in a park, with his mouth full of feces. What did the victim do before he died? Case two: A top domestic actress is brutally murdered in her home. The scene is horrifying, and her body has been m 90Reads8.2Score—14d adds
- 180 Criminal Investigation: Major Crimes Unit, Part Two 刑侦之重案组第二部 Criminal investigation + no System + episodic cases + fast-paced A butcher’s killing spree on a rainy night brings Lin Mu, a former member of the Special Cases Investigation Team, back into action alongside top forensic pathologist Bai Miao. As they follow the clues, they discover the truth is far more complicated than it first appears. A mysterious hallucinogenic drug has surfaced again. Can they follow the trail this time and uncover who is pulling the strings...? 18.4kReads9.1Score1.9k14d adds
- 181 The 1990s Crime Expert Takes the Criminal Investigation Team to New Heights 九零犯罪专家，带飞刑侦队 [No CP, no female lead, no romantic tension] [Logical deduction] [Twists in the cases] [Not wish-fulfillment, no showing off] [There is a System, but it barely features and disappears soon] A bestselling mystery novelist becomes a returned doctorate holder in the 1990s and an expert in criminal psychology at a police academy. Teach a class? Sure, but that’s not exciting enough! Why not solve a few major cases and teach you on the scene? A county town with almost no surveillance cameras. A crimin 8.2kReads9.0Score69114d adds
- 182 The Criminal's Code 罪犯密码 I’ve always believed that only works with real depth are worth readers’ time! I hope you can see the characters grow as you read this novel! Some people always think that little people don’t matter, until their retaliation exceeds all expectations. Only then do they realize, too late, how wrong they were! Gao Lei smiled faintly. After taking a few puffs, he asked Shen Che, “What is a police officer’s responsibility?” Shen Che replied, “Fight crime and maintain public order.” Gao Lei stubbed ou 720Reads—Score10214d adds
- 183 I Understand Animal Speech and Escape a Perverted Killer 听懂兽语，我从变态凶手手中逃生 When Cen He woke up, someone had tied her up at a murder scene. She discovered that she could understand animals! The good news was that she now had a special ability. The bad news was... she could only use it secretly, right under the killer's nose. With the help of a rat carrying her messages, Cen He passed information to the police, found a way out of a dead end, and held on until the officers arrived. Later, Cen He somehow ended up interning at the Ning City Public Security Bureau. She joine 91Reads—Score13114d adds
- 184 The Suspect Came Right to My Door. It’s Fine If I Just Arrest Him, Right? 嫌疑人送上门，我直接抓没问题吧 [Guaranteed no female lead, and guaranteed to finish at a million words!] After Wu Xiaofan transmigrates to a parallel world and becomes a police officer, everything changes. He helps a woman passing by carry her child, only to discover she's a human trafficker. He goes to a convenience store to buy ice cream, only to run into a con artist. When he passes a jewelry store, the robbers turn on each other, and he gets to catch them without lifting a finger. He kindly offers to walk an old woman hom 2.6kReads8.7Score24714d adds
- 185 Supernatural: My Years Hunting Ghosts at Bureau 749 灵异：我在749局打鬼那些年 The appearance of a white coffin and a red coffin at the construction site changed my fate. That night, I saw corpses that could move and a ghost that could steal a person's soul. They were all "deceiving" me, trying to make me die. What should I do... When you think the person behind you is a ghost, the real ghost may be the one standing in front of you... Once it's dark... don't read this!! 223Reads—Score—14d adds
- 186 Receiving Memories from Physical Evidence: I Am the King of Criminal Investigation 接收物证记忆，我，刑侦之王 Twenty years ago, my father suddenly disappeared while investigating a case. Twenty years later, Su Zhuo followed in his footsteps and joined the police force. By touching physical evidence from a case, he could access fragmentary memories that offered clues. Solving a case even earned him skill rewards. From then on, Su Zhuo’s career in law enforcement was one triumph after another. Tools used in crimes, items left at the scene, traces, footprints, fingerprints... As long as a criminal left beh 6.4kReads8.9Score48414d adds
- 187 Who Isn't a Freak, Anyway? 谁还不是个变态了 A by-the-book but not entirely reliable criminal investigation captain vs. a genius forensic pathologist and criminal psychology consultant who walks the line between genius and criminal. Su Zhi: His skull is absolutely perfect. If I were the killer, I’d polish it into my favorite little bone bowl. Shi Yanzhi: Come on, let’s turn to Article 232 of the Criminal Law: Whoever commits intentional homicide shall be sentenced to death, life imprisonment, or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten 11.6kReads8.6Score1.6k14d adds
- 188 Who Says a Mentally Ill Person Can't Solve Crimes? 谁说精神病不能破案 {Serial murder case + basement captivity case + human trafficking case + haunted ancestral home...} Multiple personalities, no romance, no golden finger, no System, and a sharp mind. Handsome with a sense of humor, funny and handsome all at once. Humanity's evil is magnified without limit, while goodness takes root in the midst of evil. A genius psychologist is locked away for three years because of dissociative identity disorder. After passing his evaluation and being released, he gets caught u 7.6kReads9.0Score94714d adds
- 189 A Murder Buried at the Waterworks for Twenty Years 水厂埋凶二十年 Twenty years ago, in the autumn at the Xichang Waterworks in Qingcheng, three people vanished one after another, leaving no trace, dead or alive. Police officer Qi Xiaojun pursued the lead for half his life, only to be forced out by fate just as he was about to reach the truth. Zhang Youfei, the young factory director, once loved a woman named Jinhua deeply, but he had no idea how many secrets her silence concealed. Twenty years later, another person disappears from the Xichang Waterworks. Sick 4.2kReads8.5Score41114d adds
- 190 What? You Reached the Top of the Ladder in Just Five Years as an Intern? 什么？你一实习生5年就升到头啦 Criminal investigations, solving cases, a golden finger, teamwork, meticulous reasoning, criminal organizations, and a tightly connected plot. Watch as protagonist Zhou Mo uses his skills to move freely through the darkness! 4.8kReads8.4Score41414d adds
- 191 Detective Di Renjie: The Magistrate of Pengze County 神探狄仁杰之彭泽县令 In the first year of Changshou, Di Renjie is framed by treacherous schemers and demoted to the remote wilderness of Pengze, where he stumbles upon a city full of bizarre cases! A derelict rouge house, abandoned for ten years; a locked-room murder on a rainy night; three ruffians found dead inside, their lips curled in smiles, with no trace of how they died. The county authorities rule it a ghostly vengeance, and panic grips the people. Summoned to solve the case in a time of crisis, Di Gong sets 103Reads—Score714d adds
- 192 Miss Chuntang's Diary 春棠小姐记事簿 Xing Sili gazed out the window. “Do you know how peaceful Fushui City was before you came here?” Shi Chuntang looked a little wronged. “That was just the calm before the storm. Besides, it's not like I egged everyone on to commit crimes.” Xing Sili looked at the several case reports he had yet to finish. “Please, can you stop going out until I've finished writing them?” Shi Chuntang flashed her gleaming white teeth in a perfect smile. “Nope.” Content warning: The male and female leads have quite 482Reads9.1Score10314d adds
- 193 Unbelievable! The Brash Blonde Is Actually a Criminal Investigation Captain 离谱！黄毛丫头竟是刑侦队长 [Criminal Investigation + Suspense + Case-by-Case Mystery Solving + Brain-Teasing Cases + Female Lead Investigator] A madman attacked everyone in a film studio, while a girl was brutally slashed across the throat on her way home. The clues that surfaced were merely a ploy to mislead the police. When obsession becomes the root of evil, and victims become perpetrators, just how evil can human nature be? The truth is buried beneath layer upon layer. Ever since joining the Special Cases Unit, Su Xia 32.8kReads9.1Score4.4k14d adds
- 194 Love and Cases: My Icy Boss Is Too Irresistible 谈情说案：高冷上司太撩人 The first time they met, he was a detective and she was a suspect. The next time, he was her boss and she was his assistant. After being reborn, Su Yishu joins forces with her aloof superior, Xiao Chuci, to clear away the fog, piece together the clues, and solve one strange case after another. Su Yishu: “Officer Xiao, please explain your motive for the crime.” Xiao Chuci pins her against the corner of the wall. “I love you. I’m devoted to you. I want to protect you for the rest of my life.” 1.4kReads9.3Score16514d adds
- 195 The Psychological Crime Profiler 心理贩罪师 They are patients at the Bright Light Psychological Healing Center. They wear shells of darkness as they search for salvation in the light. They are supposedly there to “save” others, yet at the turning point of human nature, they reveal a blood-red truth. A breathtaking operatic swan song, a lovesick gourmet, a beautiful writer obsessed with corpses... Lin Qianqiu, a mysterious psychologist. Is she a healer who brings people into the light? Or a purveyor of sin who pushes them into the abyss? T 156Reads7.5Score2914d adds
- 196 The Eerie Coffin Bearers 诡抬棺 Nine peaks, a sea of blood, mountains of bones... Murderous danger lurks everywhere. Every step is fraught with peril, and I never know how much longer I'll survive. It wasn't until I deciphered the nursery rhyme I'd heard when I became someone's disciple that I uncovered a shocking secret... 63Reads9.0Score—14d adds
- 197 Officer, Stop Guessing! I’m Really Innocent! 警官别猜了，我真的是无辜的啊 Everyone thought Jiang Yi was quiet and ill-tempered, but no one expected her to be decisive and cool-headed. When a case came up, she calmly analyzed the situation and offered to act as bait to help the police catch the killer. When they asked what she used to do, Jiang Yi said, "Maybe I was an assassin." Police officer: "?" The word "maybe" really carries a lot of weight. Later, after the police became her colleagues, her talent for solving cases was impossible to miss. Her coworkers nearly we 1.9kReads—Score23814d adds
- 198 My Bizarre Skills Are Maxed Out, and You’re Telling Me You’re a Cop? 变态技能叠满，你跟我说你是警察 [System] [Feel-Good Story] [No Female Lead] [Lighthearted Pace] [Solving Cases in Everyday Life] When Xu Luonan woke up, he discovered that he had arrived in another world. (The blurb doesn't do it justice. Please read the story.) 1.4kReads8.6Score19514d adds
- 199 Psychological Crime: Ten Bizarre Cold Cases 心理罪：十大诡异悬案 A novelist’s bizarre suicide conceals the filthy ugliness of human nature, hidden from the world! A haunted murder house reopens a cold case buried for fifteen years. Is it the work of vengeful spirits, or a descent into an abyss of evil? On a remote island overseas, a terrifying priso 8.2kReads8.9Score89814d adds
- 200 The Perfect Crime 完美犯罪 I have a criminal gene. I was born a criminal. Fate led me to meet Lü Jie, and I followed her into the field of forensic medicine. Just before graduation, a horrific bloodbath took place on campus. Lü Jie vanished, her fate unknown. I fell from heaven into darkness, and a demon stirred in the depths of my soul. After graduating, I became a forensic doctor. On my first day at work, I was confronted with a shocking case: the Red-Clothed Killer, who had disappeared for years, was back. As I went a 11.2kReads8.7Score99814d adds
