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Eastern Europe, from the Danube River Basin to the steppes north of the Black Sea, is the westernmost point reached by the horsewhip of nomadic civilization, and it is the heartland that changed the direction of European history. From 1500 to 1800, Eastern Europe ushered in new changes. Millions of pioneers reclaimed grasslands into cultivated land in blood and tears. It was no longer horses but artillery that determined the outcome of the war. The force that formed the country changed from marauders on horseback to civil servants writing pens. The three major powers, the Ottomans, Habsburgs, and Russia, Hungary, Wallachia, and Moldova caught in the middle, and the spoilers, the Tatars and Cossacks... The borders of modern Eastern Europe were quietly delineated amidst the intrigues and conflicts of the various powers. This book describes the historical process of the transformation of the "steppe frontier" into a modern country, and writes about the three hundred years of chaos and chaos in Eastern Europe. How the Russian Empire rose, how Eastern Europe was formed in modern times, and even the situation in Eastern Europe from the 19th century to the present may be inspired by this book.

"World War Series (Volume 2): Germany's Eastward Advance" Editor's Recommendation: A panoramic historical masterpiece by the former British Prime Minister, which deciphers the little-known inside story of World War II and provides insight into the ever-changing international relations.

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In 100 BC, Caesar was born. The young Caesar experienced the murders of Marius and the dictatorship of Sulla, and was committed to establishing a new order integrating power and authority. The situation was favorable, and then Caesar conquered Gaul, expedition to Britain, defeated the Germans, and decided to cross the Rubicon River to fight Pompey. The reason why a genius is a genius is that he can transcend the barriers of the times; but the reason why a genius can transcend the times is because of the current situation at that time. This volume tells the story of how Caesar, from his birth to before he crossed the Rubicon River, skillfully took advantage of the many crises in the Roman state, political situation, and society to push himself to the top and create the glory of Roman history.

Based on the 50,000-year history of human development in the East and the West, the author of this book, Ian Morris, points out that the dominance of the West was neither destined from ancient times nor a short-term accident. Neither of these views can explain why, despite falling behind, the modern West caught up with or even surpassed the East. Morris believes geography is key. It is geographical factors that have led Eastern and Western societies to embark on completely different development trajectories, and social development has in turn changed the meaning of geography. This two-way force has created the world structure from ancient times to the present, and has gradually shaped the historical pattern of the rise and fall of the East and the West. The author connects outstanding discoveries in various disciplines and combines it with his original "Social Development Index" to intuitively present the development of Eastern and Western societies in different time and space in the form of scores, revealing how wealth and power were transferred from the East to the West, thus establishing the West's dominance for hundreds of years. At the same time, the book doesn't stop there. By sorting out a series of details such as war, climate change, and energy evolution, the author not only traces the historical roots of the West's dominance of the world, but also boldly predicts the drastic changes that will occur in the world in the next hundred years.

"The Great Travelers of the 19th Century" mainly tells the exploration and examination of the West and Central Asia, the interior of Africa, global navigation, and the Arctic and Antarctic regions by famous European travelers and navigators in the 19th century. Different from the era of "Geographic Discovery", travelers and navigators turned their attention more to the exploration of the human history and culture of the places they visited. Travelers were also linguists, writers, religious historians and geographers. Their expedition records make human history more vivid and full, and their adventure experiences also inspire people to continue exploring the unknown world.

This book tells the story of how merchants and adventurers from Elizabethan England crossed the Atlantic and settled in the New World. In 1584, a voyage organized by Walter Raleigh arrived at Roanoke Island. In order to establish a settlement here, they made many attempts and explorations over the next 20 years and invested a lot of money, manpower and materials. Their experiences ranged from funny to tragic, and the whereabouts of some remain a mystery to this day. With the efforts of generations of adventurers, Jamestown was finally built in 1611. This was the first permanent colony established by the English on the far side of the Atlantic Ocean. Based on a large number of diaries and manuscripts, the author tells readers this ups and downs, exciting, mysterious and vivid story, and leads readers on an adventure journey to America.

M Translation Series Set 05 includes "The Crimean War: The Forgotten Imperial Game" and "Natasha's Dance: A Cultural History of Russia". "Crimian War: The Forgotten Imperial Game" In 1853, Tsar Nicholas I used religious disputes to invade the Danube Principalities that are now Romania. Subsequently, the crumbling Ottoman Empire struggled to maintain its power in Europe, the United Kingdom, which was worried about Russia's expansion, and the French Emperor Napoleon III, who wanted to restore its glory, successively declared war on Russia. The Crimean War, which lasted for 18 months, caused huge human losses, completely rewritten the political landscape of Europe, and profoundly affected the modernization processes of Russia and Turkey. "Natasha's Dance: A History of Russian Culture" explores the differences between European civilization and folk elements in Russian culture, the confrontation between "civilized" and "native" Russias, and the division between the aristocratic upper class and the lower class rural people through the discussion of Russian ballet, painting, poetry, drama and music that emerged in the 18th century. The book further discusses the construction and expression of "Russian soul" and "Russianness", revealing the impact of politics, national identity, social concepts, customs, folk art, religion, etc. On the formation and development of Russian culture, presenting a splendid and dazzling cultural scroll full of dramatic details.

"A Brief History of the World" is a unique world history, covering major historical events from the beginning of human civilization to the Second World War. He has unique insights and discussions on ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, the European Renaissance, the British Industrial Revolution, the Reformation, the French Revolution, the American Revolution, etc. In addition, the book also touches on Eastern culture, including Confucianism and Taoism.

This book tells the internal history, diplomatic history, economic history, and expansion history of the British Empire in the era of Queen Victoria of the Hanoverian Dynasty. It systematically interprets the inevitable relationship between the succession rules of the Hanoverian Dynasty and the arrival of the Victorian era, the decision-making mechanism of the British government under the decentralized system of monarch and parliament, the pros and cons of diversified royal marriages, the 1848 Revolution, the Irish Independence Movement, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, the Boer War and other major events.

"Change and Custom: Challenges Facing Our Times" is Toynbee's work with a strong sense of mission, written in the 1960s. In response to the problems existing in the world at that time, such as the threat of human destruction caused by the arms race, global population surge, religious disputes, and environmental damage caused by over-development, Toynbee started from whether human habits can be changed. Through the analysis and research of past history, he pointed out that, unlike nature, human habits can be changed when faced with inescapable choices. Although the analysis in this book deals with the world of the 1960s, most of the issues mentioned still exist or are even more pressing today.

Since its unification in 1861, Italy has made unremitting efforts to build an efficient political system and a high sense of national identity. This second edition of Christopher Duggan's acclaimed Cambridge History of Italy describes the political and socioeconomic evolution of Italy from the fall of the Roman Empire to the present; and examines the difficulties Italy has faced in shaping its image as a nation-state over the past two centuries. Duggan combines the history of political, economic, social, and cultural evolution to highlight the transitions between different plans for nation-building devised by pragmatists and idealists. This revised edition expands on the previous chapters and also adds a chapter on Italy in the 21st century. Therefore, this book will be an ideal choice for readers who have a special preference for modern Italian history, especially those with a strong interest in fascism and the Mafia.

This book contains 15 papers written by Ishikawa Masahiro to examine the historical facts of modern China, focusing on two issues: first, the nationalist thought in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China; second, the national revolution in the 1920s. Based on a large amount of historical materials, the author cleverly raises questions and provides rigorous arguments, which reflects his practical and realistic scholarly style. For example, the tracing of the concept of the "Sleeping Lion" image in the late Qing Dynasty, the interpretation of the popularity of the "Yellow Emperor" symbol, and the research on the "Chinese and dogs are not allowed to enter" notice board have all been carefully examined and solid conclusions have been drawn. The publication of this book will help promote domestic research and arouse the interest of general history lovers. This book has not yet been published in Japanese. A few of the collected papers have been translated into Chinese and published, and the author has revised them this time. For other original works published in Japanese or English, the author grants copyright free of charge. Just pay the translation fee.

The fourth part of "This Was the Han Dynasty" begins with Huo Guang gaining power and selecting Liu He, the new emperor of the Han Dynasty, and ends with the two relatives of the Han Dynasty, the Wang family and the Fu family, competing for favor and profit. After Huo Guang overthrew Shangguan Jie and others, he consolidated power and selected Liu He to be the emperor of the Han Dynasty. However, after Liu He ascended the throne, Huo Guang had no choice but to abolish him because of his immature political thinking and misbehavior. Unexpectedly, the poor boy Liu Bingjin ushered in the spring of his life, was welcomed into the palace, became the throne, and ruled the world. However, after Huo Guang died of illness, Liu Bing, instead of being grateful for Huo's support, instead hung a sharp sword and suddenly pushed the Huo family's life and death to the forefront.

"Postwar European History" (a four-volume set) is the most important representative work of Tony Judt, the most respected historian and thinker in the world today. It took 20 years to conceive and 10 years to write. It makes extensive use of documents in 6 languages, covers 34 countries, and takes into account Western Europe. Eastern Europe, covering the whole of Europe, is the first master-class historical masterpiece that comprehensively displays the political, economic and cultural changes of modern Europe over the past 60 years. It is recommended by European and American political leaders such as European Commission President Barroso, European Parliament Speaker Schulz, and EU Foreign Minister Solana. From brutal genocide to the advocacy of human rights values, from fascism sweeping the world to the disintegration of the Soviet Eastern European socialist bloc, from free capital markets to big-government welfare states, from arms races to the establishment of the European Union for mutual assistance and cooperation, from tariff barriers to the unified currency Euro... Europe is a laboratory of human activities. It has experienced the baptism and experimentation of various political systems, ideologies, social systems, economic orders, and cultural trends of thought. No wonder, Tony Judt said: "Like a fox, Europe knows a lot." For the modern public, "it is impossible to understand the world without understanding Europe." "Postwar European History" is a masterpiece that Tony Judt, the top contemporary historian, has worked on for more than ten years. From the end of World War II to the beginning of the 21st century, this book shows the political, economic, social, and cultural history of Europe, comprehensively and concisely reproduces the reality and spiritual process of Europe's reconstruction on the ruins of the war, and reveals Europe's future path toward unity and self-reliance. Tony Judt used keen observation, profound humanistic care and superb narrative ability to refine the sixty years of European history from 1945 to 2005 into a fascinating, significant and deeply personal work. "Postwar European History" received rave reviews after its publication and won numerous awards. It was praised as "the book on postwar European history" and "a great work that cannot be surpassed in the short term". It has become a "must-read classic masterpiece for understanding the modern world" for the public.

This is a wonderful book that gives a panoramic view of British history. Jeremy Blake condenses 3,000 years of Great Britain into this book, taking readers on a breathtaking journey through British history. This book takes chronology as the axis and introduces how Britain gradually grew from a small island country to become the British Empire that has "held power in the world" for hundreds of years from aspects such as wars, regime changes, economic and cultural development, and how it gradually declined. The book takes the popular Scottish independence referendum event as an opportunity to show the development process of modern "Britishization". Starting from the impact of the British geographical environment on its development, this book explores the formation of British society and political culture, and also shows readers the national identity and collective memory of the British people after the vicissitudes of life. The rise of the British Empire and the process from its dominance to its end are clearly reflected in the book.

"Frederick the Great and Joseph II: War and Diplomacy in the 18th Century" takes the two heroes of Central Europe, Frederick the Great and Joseph II, as the background of their struggle for hegemony, and takes the War of Succession of the Principality of Bavaria as the entry point to provide an in-depth interpretation of the history of the major European powers' participation in wars and melees. Why did the national strategies of Frederick the Great and Joseph II conflict? Why did the issue of succession to the throne of the Duchy of Bavaria become the trigger that set off the powder keg in Europe? Why can't the melee between the great powers completely destroy the balance of power in Europe? Why is the European order established by the Treaty of Taschen fragile? What historical impact did the entry of the Russian Imperial Army into the Holy Roman Empire have? This book will explain it in detail.

In this blend of history, travel, and adventure, Kim McQuarrie takes readers on an exciting journey, allowing us to join him in exploring some of the most compelling and enduringly elusive stories: from drug lord Pablo Escobar to Shining Path leader Avima El Guzman , from the infamous explorer and archaeologist Hiram Bingham to the legendary robber Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, from the ancient mythical King Eldorado to the Yamana people who live in the ends of the earth... All these stories happen along this mountain range, where the drama of life and death is constantly being staged.

This book explains the author's own perspective on the situation from 1919 to 1939, and his in-depth consideration of a series of policies of Germany as a defeated country and Britain and France as victors after World War I. On this basis, it details Germany's preparations for launching World War II and Hitler's conspiracy. In this book, the author shows his vision and wisdom as a great statesman and strategist through relevant historical materials.

This book is an important document for studying the history of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It systematically tells the history of the reigns of generals such as Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Tokugawa Yoshimune, Tokugawa Ieshige, Tokugawa Ieharu, and Tokugawa Ieqi. How did Tokugawa Tsunayoshi handle the relationship between the shogunate and the daimyo? From Tokugawa Tsunayoshi to Tokugawa Ienbu, what subtle changes have taken place in Japan's policy toward North Korea? From Tokugawa Yoshimune to Tokugawa Ieshige, why did the theory of imperial restoration arise in Japan? During the Tokugawa Ieharu period, why did Tanuma Yoshitsu's dictatorship appear? How did Tokugawa Iesai's economic policies promote the shogunate's rule to its peak? This book will answer them one by one.

This book has a total of twenty-one chapters, arranged in chronological order, with Shakespeare's poetry creation and drama creation as the main line, interspersed with details such as his life experience, marriage, patron, real life, later evaluations, and related research in various countries, giving a detailed introduction to Shakespeare's short but outstanding life. In addition to the main text, there are ten appendices, which provide a large amount of precious historical materials for the biography and further highlight the academic value of the entire work. Why did Shakespeare abandon his wife and children in his early years, leave his hometown and come to London to work hard? What are the unspeakable difficulties? In what context were Shakespeare's plays, such as "Love in Love" and "The Merchant of Venice", written? What content in the play reflects Shakespeare's own hometown and personal life? What was Shakespeare's relationship with theater colleagues such as Ben Johnson and the troupe of children's actors? What was the attitude of the royal families of Elizabeth I and James I towards Shakespeare's plays? What are the hidden secrets behind the publication of the historic First Folio of Shakespeare's plays? Which existing portraits of Shakespeare can stand the test of history? What questions and debates exist in the academic community about Shakespeare's true identity? What are the paradoxes in Shakespeare's sonnets? This book will answer these questions one by one that have rarely been touched upon by previous authors.

The book begins with an exploration of familiar imagery from the French Revolution, from Dickens, Baroness O'Shea, and Tolstoy, as well as the legend of "if there's no bread, let them eat cake" and the tricolor flag. Then, through a brief examination of the ancien régime and its collapse, Doyle analyzes how revolutions come about: how they become obsolete and how achievements fail to satisfy ambition. Doyle strives to make readers realize that the French Revolution destroyed long-lasting culture, institutions, and social structures in France and beyond, and that we are still living with the legacy of this revolution today. The final part of the book considers why this revolution caused so much controversy.

"A Brief History of the Earth" is a classic work by the popular science master Fang Long. The author interprets the relationship between man and the earth from a historical perspective as a humanist. Fanglong put all the mountains, cities and oceans on the map, allowing readers to understand the people living in those places, where they came from, why they got there, and what their customs are. He wrote the stories that people really care about and the really interesting countries in the world into this book, telling the historical evolution of each country from a geographical perspective. The book has a total of 47 chapters, starting from the earth, to the relevant geographical history of the world's major countries, accompanied by the author's hand-drawn illustrations, looking at the evolution of history from a geographical perspective. The process of human understanding of geography is actually part of human development. The geographical environment shapes people, and people continue to transform the environment. How to deal with the relationship with the earth is worth thinking about. The book uses popular and humorous language and literary techniques to make knowledge more flexible, showing the laws of physical geography and the various forms of human geography. Allowing readers to read history like a story is of great help in understanding the historical development of major world powers and the geography of the earth.

Through the experiences of the writer Turgenev, the French soprano and composer Pauline Viardot, and Pauline's husband, the well-known translator and art critic Louis Viardot, this book explores how the rise of the railway age in the 19th century contributed to the encounter between art and capitalism, how it shaped European literature and art, and how Europe was culturally regarded as a whole without being restricted by national boundaries, forming a consensus of "European culture" and "European civilization." Artists and their works travel across the country. For example, in 1847, Berlioz took the same railway from Paris to Russia via Brussels to hold a concert. Bands, choirs, opera and theater actors, traveling art exhibitions, writers, etc. Became regular guests on the train. International markets opened up for mass-produced cheap reproductions of paintings and prints of books and musical scores.

"The Six-Part History of England" is the representative work of the historical writer Peter Ackroyd, which includes six volumes: "The Founding of the Empire", "The Tudor Dynasty", "The Age of Rebellion", "The Revolutionary Century", "The King of the World" and "Revolution". It writes the historical process of this legendary country in a magnificent way: how this once closed island country gradually turned into an empire with territories all over the world through religious reform, parliamentary system, technological and ideological revolution, as well as trade and colonial expansion; and how it repositioned itself in the new post-war order as the empire declined today and continued to influence the world. Ackroyd's writing conveys his deep attachment to this country that once stood at the apex of human civilization. It not only creates a history of struggle and innovation for the rise of a great power, but also creates a glorious national epic. "The Tudors" is the second volume of Ackroyd's "Six Parts of History of England", covering the historical period from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I when England was mainly ruled by the Tudor family. This volume mainly discusses the religious reform caused by Henry VIII's break with the Roman Church, and the struggle between the English monarchy and the change of the state religion during this period. Under Ackroyd's fascinating writing, the resolute Henry VIII, the short-lived Edward VI, the "Bloody Mary" who tried to restore Catholicism, and the Elizabeth I who created the "golden age", the magnificent life of the Tudor Dynasty comes to life on the page.

For thousands of years, the image of Helen has been the product of male desire projection, and this book attempts to restore a real Helen: a princess from Western prehistoric times who mastered the channel to communicate with gods. She attracted heroes from all over Greece to participate in martial arts competitions to find a bride. After her marriage, she gained immense wealth and power, but she eloped with the Trojan prince. The brutal Ten Years' War broke out soon after. Later, some said she returned to Greece, some said she was killed on an island, and some said she turned into a star in the sky. However, no matter what becomes of her real body, she will always exist as a symbol of love and desire.

"Year Zero" reviews the changes in the world situation in 1945, the end of World War II. One world has come to an end, and another brand-new world with an uncertain future is slowly opening. Regime changes are taking place all over the world, and brutal power struggles and earth-shaking changes are taking place in both Asia and continental Europe. In the process, the modern world as we know it was born. The end of the war brought liberation and joy everywhere, but through the eyes of those who witnessed it, the ruthless revenge on a large scale, widespread famine, and the dilemma of overstretched resources were clearly visible. At the same time, European forces were reorganized, communism in Russia and Eastern Europe grew stronger, civil war broke out in China, the US military took over Japan, and Southeast Asian countries shifted from colonial liberation to authoritarian rule. The complex international relations heralded the beginning of the Cold War.

This book is an authoritative work generally recognized by European academic circles. It tells the complex and changeable history of Europe in the first half of the 16th century. It focuses on the two royal families of Habsburg and Valois competing for Italy and European hegemony. It also focuses on the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, King Francois I of France, King Henry VIII of England, and King Osman. It starts with the bloody wars and the various diplomatic struggles between the Sultan Suleiman I of the Man-Turk Empire, and is mixed with a series of far-reaching historical events such as the religious reform and the discovery of the New World. It provides a profound interpretation of the complicated and ebbing relationships between national power and international power, monarchy and religious power. It is well worth reading.

Yoshihiko Amino was one of the most original historians in Japan in the 20th century, and he single-handedly created a new situation in the study of Japanese medieval history. In this book, he shows the changes in Japan's country and society before modern times from many aspects such as the popularization of writing, currency circulation, class and discrimination, women's social status, the origin of the emperor and Japan's national title, and the differences in culture and life in different regions. He breaks the existing common sense and rethinks and interprets Japanese history. In his writings, medieval Japan was not an isolated island country, and its residents were not just farmers who worked on the land. Nor were they just warriors with strong armor, nobles vying for power, and emperors of the eternal line. In sharp contrast is the dynamic Japanese history driven by trade, circulation and competition. A large number of non-agricultural populations are active on these stages: mountain people and sea people who live on mountains, rivers and seas, various craftsmen who form guilds, various sects of New Buddhism that are deeply involved in social changes, women who enjoy a certain degree of freedom and actively participate in social activities, and fully participate in social activities. Merchants who make use of the land and sea transportation network, geishas, beggars, and witches who run around begging for a living, various "non-humans" with "filth" on their hands, lords and bureaucrats who work hard to run estates and territories... Together with the farmers, they constantly adapt and transform the environment in order to survive and develop, and create an economy, politics, society and culture with their own characteristics.

"Renaissance Story 06·God's Agent" 1. Angels and Devils, God's Agent's Choice in the Renaissance. Look at the rise and fall of the Renaissance through the lens of four popes. 2. Explain the profound things in simple terms, it is both a historical work and a popular reading. Yu Minhong once said that Shiono Qisheng's historical works are not ideological and allow stories to be combined with evaluation. All eras and characters have been demonstrated and examined, so they are not fictional, but they still retain readability. Reading this book will be a deeply satisfying experience.

"Five Thousand Years of the World" is a popular history book without the scholarly atmosphere of a serious historical work, and it got rid of the intolerance of nationalism and even Eurocentrism earlier than many works of that era. The book focuses on the heritage of human culture, including ideas, culture, religion and other heritages, which are truly valuable things in the course of human civilization. This book discusses the history of the world spanning five continents from the formation of the earth, the origin of living things and human beings to the modern day World War I. Wells summarized the purpose of this book as "to show in a straightforward manner to men of average intelligence the inevitable development of political, social, and economic organization into a world federation if civilization is to continue."

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"World War Series (Volume 2): Japan's Onslaught" describes Japan's aggression against relevant countries in Asia and the Pacific Rim in the middle of World War II, as well as the different responses of the United States and Britain to this. After long preparations, Japan launched a comprehensive war of aggression in the Asia-Pacific region, causing the United States to pay a heavy price in the Pacific battlefield and causing Britain to suffer huge losses in Southeast Asia. At that time, the world situation was entering an extremely anxious period. From China to Myanmar, from Malta to Madagascar, everyone was involved in this unpredictable melee. In addition, the book also reflects the key role China played in resisting Japanese aggression.

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In Civilization, Kenneth Clark's wide-ranging narrative examines the development of Western Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire, covering the ideas, books, architecture, and works of art that made up Western European civilization. The author takes us from ninth-century Iona to twelfth-century France, from Florence to Urbino, and from Germany to Rome, England, the Netherlands, and the United States. Against this historical backdrop, he paints a remarkable cast of characters-men and women who gave civilization new energy and broadened our understanding of the world and ourselves. He also highlighted the works of genius produced by them - in the fields of architecture, sculpture, painting, philosophy, poetry, music, science and engineering, from the Academy of Athens painted by Raphael to the bridges designed by Brunel. "Civilization" is Clark's eternal nostalgia for European civilization. In his narration, we will see: At what moment does the artist get rid of the shackles of the times? What period has art gone through, and how does it transcend the bonds of time and space?

The epic masterpiece of the famous literary historian Daniel Boorstin, a far-reaching world history trilogy; it caused a sensation after being published in the United States, has been a best-seller for more than 30 years, and has been translated into more than 20 languages; it is a perfect combination of history and popular science, with detailed and interesting content; In "The History of Civilization: The Creators", the author recreates the cultural and artistic achievements of more than three thousand years, vividly describing the outstanding figures who created our splendid cultural heritage and enriched the human world in philosophy, drama, literature, architecture, painting, sculpture, music, etc. Creation is the eternal theme of mankind. From the construction of the pyramid to the design of the elegant dome of the Florence Cathedral, from Dante's "Divine Comedy" to Balzac's "Human Comedy", from the ancient rituals of the Dionysia to the graceful dance of modern ballet, and from human beings' challenge to the external world to self-creation and exploration of the inner wilderness, the author, with his unique elegant and charming writing style, deeply and comprehensively explores the profound theme of human creation.

The "Mediterranean Naval War Trilogy" is an important work by the famous Japanese non-fiction historical writer Shiono Nanao. It tells the story of two heterogeneous civilizations, Christianity and Islam, using the Mediterranean as the war stage. They fought against each other for belief, land and trade control, and ultimately changed the world structure and the direction of human civilization. The three wars - the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the attack and defense of Rhodes in 1522, and the Naval Battle of Lepanto in 1571. "The Fall of Constantinople" tells the story of the Ottoman Turkish Empire's capture of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, in 1453. The aging civilization was defeated by the emerging civilization. Constantinople was located at the intersection of the East and the West, and was a battleground for the military strategists of that era. After this battle, the shining pearl on the Eurasian continent changed hands, ushering in the prelude to the changes of the times. "The Battle of Rhodes" tells the story of the Ottoman Turkish Empire's attack on Rhodes in 1522, the stronghold of the Knights of St. John in the Mediterranean and the frontier against the pagans. It records the last glory of the dying European knight class. In the face of the Turkish army, a declining religious group fought bravely and left a magnificent mark in history. Even though it was defeated, it was glorious. "The Battle of Lepanto" tells the story of a battle that took place at the Cape of Lepanto between the Ottoman Turkish Empire Navy and the Holy Alliance's combined fleet composed of Venice, Spain and the Holy See in 1571. The combined fleet won a great victory, but the fruits of victory were soon wiped out by the dismal dissolution of the Holy Alliance. These three "wars to divide the world" were an important turning point in the development of human civilization and a key singularity in the historical process. In the blood and fire, the European Christian civilization and the Islamic civilization in Central Asia collided with dazzling sparks. Since then, the power of Christianity has gradually declined, and the Islamic civilization has gradually taken control of the Mediterranean world and embarked on the journey of hegemony on the historical stage.

This book is the last volume of the "Byzantine Trilogy" and the climax of this grand epic. This volume continues the history of Alexius Comnenos' accession to the throne in 1081. Thereafter, the Fourth Crusade, led by the blind octogenarian and extremely cunning Doge of Venice, Enrique Dandolo, brought great disaster to Constantinople. The later years of the Byzantine era were filled with sorrow and they were embroiled in painful and long battles with the Ottoman Sultan. In 1453, this thousand-year empire that once spanned Europe, Asia, and Africa was wiped out with the fall of Constantinople and the death of the last emperor, Constantine XI.

Bismarck's speech to the Prussian Parliament in 1862 earned him the title of "Iron Chancellor", but the establishment of the German Empire relied more on money, coal and iron, rather than iron and blood. Fritz Stern's "Gold and Iron" adopts a unique perspective and chooses the relationship between Bismarck and his Prussian Jewish banker Bleichröder as the main line to depict the inextricable relationship between the German political and financial circles and the two worlds in Germany: the new world of capitalism and the old world of ancient feudal spirit. The success of the Jews as a minority and the conflicts of interest brought about by social mobility not only revealed the fragility of the new German Empire and its ruling class, but also demonstrated the duality of wealth-it both threatened tradition and provided hope for social mobility. Gold and Iron shows how German and Jewish hypocrisy and self-deception rose to dominate the system, ultimately having dire consequences.

In this book, the author Saburo Ienaga not only describes the basic features of Japan's absorption of Chinese culture in ancient times and Western culture in modern times with the objectivity of a historian, but also examines the ideological basis of Japan's absorption of Chinese and Western culture with the fairness of a commentator. The essence of Japan's modernization is, in the final analysis, a question of how to treat foreign culture. Different cultural types are formed in different environments. Therefore, cultural independence and adaptability must be maintained in cultural exchanges. The entire book clearly shows the entire process of Japan's modern cultural transformation. In Japan's cultural selection process over the past century, there have been many successful inspirations and many failed lessons. These are worthy of our careful study and analysis. The detailed and rich information in this book not only allows us to see the entire process of Japan's modern cultural transformation relatively clearly, but also can be used as background material for our study of relevant issues for analysis and utilization.

The first half of the book starts with an erroneous "" photo published in the Japanese government gazette in 1937, tracing the historical process of the outside world's gradual understanding of the Chinese revolutionary leader, as well as the misunderstandings, coincidences and deliberate concealments that occurred during this period. The second half is dedicated to restoring the birth process and version changes of "Red Star Shines on China", combing its historical fate in China, the Soviet Union, Japan and other places in detail, and clarifying many misunderstandings and false accusations about this masterpiece in later generations.

This book is an influential monograph by the late Mary Rui, a professor at Yale University in the United States. It describes in detail the various efforts and measures implemented by central and local officials of the late Qing government to "Tongzhi Zhongxing" (1862-1874) and save the corrupt Qing Dynasty, including military, political, economic, cultural, educational, and diplomatic aspects. It also explains the social and historical conditions on which "ZTE" is based, revealing the internal mechanism of ZTE's "almost success" and the reasons for its ultimate failure. Although his views are highly controversial, they are quite original.

This book is a critical history of the French Annals School, examining the sixty-year development history of this historical research group since the founding of the Annals magazine in 1929. There is no doubt that the Annales School was the most influential historical innovation movement in the 20th century. In the development process of the so-called "new history", it is the most important driving force. The Yearbook Group combines traditional history with geography, economics, linguistics, psychology, anthropology and other social sciences, expanding the field of history to a vast field of human activities, and creating a series of new methods, such as problem-oriented history, comparative history, historical psychology, geographical history, long-term history, serial history, historical anthropology, etc. Peter Burke distinguished three generations of scholars in the development of the Annales School. The first generation included the founders Lucien Fevere and Marc Bloch, who waged war against the traditional historiography system and created the magazine Annales to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration. The second generation was dominated by Braudel, who was already regarded as the most outstanding historian of his generation. The third generation includes famous contemporary historians such as Dupuy, Le Goff, and Leroy Ladurie. Burke's analysis is thorough and concise, and the key classics and branches of the Annales movement are clearly visible. This book was published by our company in 2006. Due to its concise and clear narrative and beautiful and smooth translation, it has become a must-read for introductory reading about the French Annales School, and has also become a classic recommendation in the history classes of major universities.

"The Old Regime and the Great Revolution" explores the fact that when the original feudal system collapsed, the French Revolution failed to bring about the expected results of the revolution. As a result, conflicts between the rulers and the people became public and social unrest intensified. The author Tocqueville profoundly explores the many contradictions and problems behind the French Revolution from the aspects of social structure, religious power, political system, revolutionary situation, world power structure, political tendencies, etc., And comprehensively demonstrates the huge effect of the French Revolution in world history.

Xenophon was one of the three major historians of ancient Greece along with Herodotus and Thucydides. He not only wrote "History of Greece" and "The Long March" and other masterpieces that were praised by later generations, but also wrote many short articles criticizing the city-state system and people and events at that time. "Economics and Politics of Ancient Greece" is a collection of seven short treatises by Xenophon, including "Domestic Economics", "On Financial Resources", "Spartan Constitution", "Agesilaus", "Hiero", "On Captains of Cavalry" and "The Constitution of Athens" written under the name of Xenophon. Although these articles are short, they are quite groundbreaking. They are the earliest works in the classical era to discuss topics such as family life management, city-state income and expenditure reduction, and cavalry combat training. They have left a wealth of historical materials for future generations to understand the major city-states of Sparta and Athens in the Greek classical era, as well as the social life and political, economic, and military conditions of the time.

When the Age of Discovery had just begun, Matteo Ricci tried to use mnemonics to open the door to China and change this unfamiliar culture. The Chinese followed him through the halls, admiring the pictures, stepping into the depths of the memory palace, toward the theological symbol represented by the symbol of the cross. Eight memory fragments of Matteo Ricci miraculously survived to this day, four Chinese characters and four paintings of biblical stories. It is through these accidental remains that Shi Jingqian cleverly built a complete picture of the intersection of two great civilizations. We can also enter the memory palace created by Matteo Ricci and watch him sometimes be determined and sometimes confused in the unknown world.

He is an extremely mediocre warrior; she is an extremely intelligent woman. He only knows how to go into battle to kill the enemy and gain fame; she helps him move around and turn danger into safety. At every crossroads of fate, the couple worked together to overcome the troubled times, build the Tosa Ichi Domain's foundation for more than 200 years, and achieve great success. In the twelfth year of Eiroku (1569), when Oda Nobunaga was at the height of his power, a little-known general, Kinoshita Tokichiro, gradually emerged. At the suggestion of his wife Chiyo, Yamauchi Kazutoyo, who was originally Nobunaga's valet, turned to join the military general. He did not expect that this unpopular move would be the key to his life or death thirteen years later! Late at night on July 23rd of the fifth year of Keicho (1600), Chiyo sent an urgent messenger to secretly deliver a document box from Osaka. Yamauchi Kazutoyo handed it to Tokugawa Ieyasu, who was struggling to prepare for the war. This laid the foundation for the victory of the Battle of Sekigahara and the foreshadowing of the future expansion of the Yamauchi family's territory... A concubine should be like pampas grass, and a king should be like a rock. I am willing to devote my whole life to protecting the knot!

Selected from the collection of Sherlock Holmes detective stories, including "The Case of the Beryl Crown", "The Case of the Speckled Belt", "The Five Orange Cores" and many other popular short stories. The novel has a rigorous structure and a bizarre and fascinating plot. With the ups and downs of the plot, rigorous logical reasoning, and detailed psychological analysis, it presents readers with a cool, wise and courageous detective Sherlock Holmes.

This book is about the strange case of a missing and white-skinned soldier; about a mysterious death and a "lion's mane"; and about a vampire mystery from Sussex. All this still requires Holmes's wit to get the truth.

"European and American Experiences" is the author Washington Irving's notes on his experiences during his travels to European countries and the United States. "European and American Insights" includes some essays and novels that reflect his creative characteristics. For example, "Mounjoy: Or the Life Experience of a Dreamer" is a novella love story that tells the interesting experiences of the protagonist in his teenage years; "Mississippi Plan" describes a famous bubble economy event in the history of business; "Hotel de France" and other essays describe some of the customs and customs of France at that time, as well as the French The unique character of Chinese and British people; "Letter from Granada", "Abdur Rahman" and "The Widow's Trial" bring readers to the magical country of Spain... In addition, the author also details the tour and visit to the hometowns of two literary giants, Scotus and Byron, truly recreating various scenes at the time and providing readers with good material for an in-depth understanding of these literary masters.