Novels like Mecha Battles: The Destroyer Roaming the Gundam Worlds
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as Mecha Battles: The Destroyer Roaming the Gundam Worlds, best match first.
- 1 SEED: The Girl’s Wings of Freedom SEED少女的自由之翼 What would have happened if Athrun hadn't been forced back by Ramius's pistol and had seized the young Kira? What you're about to see is a much softer, more adorable Kira. 594Reads—Score10214d adds
- 2 Gundam: Playing Every Gundam’s First Appearance from the Start 高达：开局播放历代高达初登场 A gigantic sky screen appears in different Gundam worlds, playing stories from each one. What new stories will unfold under these circumstances? Char: “Are all the Gundams developed by the Federation monsters?!” Kira: “There's actually a Gundam that's immune to beam weapons?!” Setsuna: “So those are Gundams from other worlds...” Garrod/Judau: “Looks like all these Gundams would fetch a good price!” Heero: “Mission understood!” 6.5kReads—Score34414d adds
- 3 About My Reincarnation as a Gundam 关于我转生成为高达这档事 A civil war erupts on Cybertron. For one reason or another, everyone joins this unprecedented conflict, willingly or by force. No one knows what the future holds. After evacuating Cybertron, an Autobot is attacked by Decepticons while en route to Earth. Though it manages to shake off its pursuers, it is knocked off course. Lost and utterly bewildered, it sees a wormhole appear, giving it hope. To catch up with the main force as soon as possible, it decides to force its way through. In the end, i 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 4 The Mecha War Journey Begins with AZ 从AZ开始的机战征途 The shattered moon in the sky, the devastated surface of the planet, the threat from the Martian Empire... "Beijing is the only available base? The continents have all been smashed to pieces?" Li Hua cried in dismay. "The starting bonus gives me blueprints for the entire KG series, but the KG series spends most of its time getting beaten!" "I get random blueprints from other worlds every month? That's way too random! And the blueprints aren't even complete!" How will he get through the crisis a 62Reads—Score414d adds
- 5 Celestial Mecha Pilot? Call Me a Major of the Human Reform League! 天人机师？请叫我人革联少校！ [Gundam 00 Fanfiction + Enjoyable Even Without Knowing the Original + 1v1 Romance + Double Identity + From Family Hero to Villain] This is a story about growing up. As a Gundam pilot for Celestial Being. Volume One is complete, so you can read it all in one go~ PS: The author isn't new to writing. 1.4kReads—Score11714d adds
- 6 Gundam Reborn: My Mom Awakens the Archangel 高达重生之我妈觉醒大天使号 Gundam + Mecha + Sci-Fi + Transmigration + System + Survival + One Female Lead. Not brainless, not a pure wish-fulfillment story. Ordinary shut-in Xin Hao and his mother accidentally transmigrated to another world ravaged by “Phantom Crystal Beasts.” Even stranger, time reversed and they became young again. His mother awakened the one-of-a-kind “Archangel” battleship System, rising to become the legendary admiral known as Major General Apple, a commander capable of turning the tide of battle. Xi 40Reads—Score—14d adds
- 7 Gundam: Celestial Being’s Quest 高达之天人追寻 After humanity survives calamity and begins exploring the far-flung future, the World’s Alaya sends its children, Celestial Being, to worlds still ravaged by war. The first volume focuses on mecha design; the main story begins in volume two. The starting world is the AGE era. Protagonist: Limian, a member of the Gundam AD era. Identity: Celestial Being’s emissary 38Reads—Score—14d adds
- 8 Gundam: I'm Just a Passing Mechanic 高达：我只是路过的机修师 He transmigrates to the Gundam world during the One Year War, but because his fighter-piloting skills don’t meet the standard, he’s transferred to the maintenance unit. Then he unexpectedly gets a golden finger. “Modifications, repairs, maintenance, supplies: wars are won through logistics. That’s how war works, and those of us handling logistics have a lot more to consider.” 199Reads—Score—14d adds
- 9 SEED: La Yao Awakens by My Side SEED之拉妖在我身边醒来 His soul transmigrates into the SEED world, where he is reborn as Athrun, starting from infancy. Combining Coordinators, pure-blood Innovators, and technology from the 00 world, he will build a different kind of Celestial Being in the SEED world. This is an entirely new SEED world! As for the heroine, the title says it all! From now on, His Highness the Wolf will be no husky. He’ll be a true war wolf! 194Reads6.5Score—14d adds
- 10 Gundam 0079: The Logic of Reconstruction 高达0079：重构之理 P.S. (Abandoned) After transmigrating to SIDE 7, he not only retains the memories of his previous life, but also awakens the Core of Reason, a Herrscher ability that lets him “understand, analyze, and reconstruct” matter. Despairing of both the corrupt Federation and the fanatical Zeon, he resolves to use the power of “reason” to forge a third path and end the chaos. 5Reads—Score—14d adds
- 11 Transmigration: Starting with Gundam SEED, I Make the Choice 穿越：从高达SEED开始做选择 Multiple heroines! Multiple heroines! Multiple heroines! Important things must be said three times. Worlds to transmigrate through: Gundam SEED, Build Fighters, UC, Gundam X, 00, and more. Later worlds and their order are yet to be decided. Xiao Ming, a Gundam model enthusiast, accidentally transmigrates to the world of Gundam SEED. But as soon as his soul transmigrates, he has to answer a multiple-choice question. 1. Choose Flay Allster and turn directly into a woman. 2. Choose Tolle Koenig and 412Reads7.2Score—14d adds
- 12 Soul Transmigration into Gundam: Starting with Control of VEDA 魂穿高达：从掌握VEDA开始 [Light System + Gundam + Multiple Heroines? + Not a Power Fantasy + World Transmigration] In the world of Gundam 00, things were descending into chaos as the armed organization Celestial Being began intervening in global affairs. That was when an unremarkable-looking figure found VEDA, the quantum computer system belonging to Celestial Being. 1.5kReads6.6Score12714d adds
- 13 Delivering Takeout in the Gundam Universe 我在高达世界送外卖 Wu Ming, a top-ranked delivery rider, is driven by circumstances to join MT Delivery's elite team and take on more challenging deliveries. But why didn't anyone tell him that working far from home meant working in another world? 247Reads6.4Score—14d adds
- 14 Striving in Orb: Gundam SEED 高达seed之奋斗在奥布 In the endless river of time and space, a strange accident sends an ordinary person who knows nothing about the plot into the war-torn, conflict-ridden world of Gundam SEED. Like an intruder who doesn’t belong, he becomes someone who was never meant to exist in this world. His arrival is destined to turn the world of Gundam SEED upside down. 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 15 Gundam: Wow! Athrun Is Actually My Big Brother 高达：哇！阿斯兰竟是我老哥 A young man transmigrates into the world of SEED and becomes Athrun’s younger brother. Thus begins his indulgent life in SEED, surrounded by beautiful songstresses, mature older women, and innocent young girls. With one woman after another at his side, he tramples the anime’s protagonist underfoot in a steamy SEED adventure of romantic conquests. 288Reads6.2Score—14d adds
- 16 Gundam SEED: I Pilot a Gundam in the AD Era 高达seed：我在AD年代当高达驾驶员 I woke up in the AD era of Gundam SEED. Oil reserves were running dry, environmental pollution was growing worse, and a wave of economic stagnation swept across the world. Countries imposed exclusionary economic blockades on one another, dividing Earth among several major powers. Ethnic and religious conflicts intensified, and the world was plunged into the Third World War. In this dark age, what can I do as a Gundam pilot? 19Reads—Score—14d adds
- 17 Gundam: Stars in the Hourglass 高达：沙漏中的星辰 In UC 0068, Aksim Rall meets Artesia Som Deikun, who fled here with her father. She is the daughter of the fallen leader, Zeon Som Deikun. [UC + Gundam: The Origin manga + single heroine + no golden finger + not a transmigrator] When he looks up and sees the girl standing in a halo of light, two lonely hearts begin to draw together and find comfort in each other. Even if fate tears them apart, their bond is like rivers flowing into the sea. No matter how many reefs they skirt, how many seas of f 1kReads6.7Score10014d adds
- 18 Gundam: Gihren's Ambition 高达：姬连的野望 [Gundam + Transmigration + Nation-Building + War] [UC + SEED + 00 + Iron-Blooded Orphans] will serve as the main universe. The main story and side stories will both be covered, and other Gundam settings and abilities may also be incorporated. The protagonist, Haman, is a clone of Gihren Zabi, the supreme commander of Zeon. Hunted by the Titans, he transmigrates across multiple worlds, bringing together the resources and technology of several parallel worlds. Through threats and cunning schemes, 156Reads6.1Score—14d adds
- 19 A Knight's Mecha Battle Journey 骑士的机战之旅 Neglected by his parents, Xingyao is accidentally sucked into a black hole. With help from a mysterious person, he obtains a System and transmigrates to another world. From the start, he gets a Dread Drive and the Core of Reason, and sets out on his own path to becoming stronger. At first, Xingyao has no idea what world he’s in. Only after the orphanage he lives in is attacked does he discover where he has ended up. And his journey to becoming the strongest has only just begun... 569Reads6.2Score14014d adds
- 20 Gundam Century 高达世纪 In 2035, the epoch-making virtual game Gundam Century, developed jointly by several countries, was released. Millions of players around the world joined this grand game. 197Reads6.0Score—14d adds
- 21 Gundam: A Trio Beginning in the Universal Century 高达：从宇宙世纪开始的三重奏 A programmer suffering from a terminal illness caused by various factors dies and arrives in the Gundam Universal Century in the year 0078. Having spent his life confined to classrooms, offices, and hospital rooms, he wants to travel the world and explore space, relying on what he knows about the Gundam universe. Of course, getting rich along the way would be even better. But this Universal Century seems different from the world he knows so well. Is this really 0079? Or GQuuuuuuX? Could it be th 2.1kReads6.2Score16814d adds
- 22 Honkai: Star Rail: Mecha-Warriors Are More Than Just Eye Candy 星铁：机战角色可不只是好看而已 [Honkai: Star Rail] [Don't worry about the heroine question. I haven't figured it out either.] [Expected series: Mobile Suit Gundam + Tekkaman Blade + Mazinger Z + Getter Robo] This is the story of a boy's transformation into a hero. Guided by the spirit of steel, the boy bravely journeys toward the unknown. At the edge of the universe, they roar, they fight, they protect. This is an endless, hopeless holy war that will end only when one side is utterly destroyed! 71Reads—Score—14d adds
- 23 Mobile Suit Gundam: Transmigrating into SEED 机动战士高达：穿越seed One heroine, transmigration, and a light System. The plot is mostly the same as SEED, with just a few small changes. The protagonist pilots Exusiai, and his piloting skills grow stronger over time. There are also original mechs. My writing isn't very good, so please read with caution. If it's not to your taste, please leave. Thanks. 233Reads6.0Score—14d adds
- 24 Gundam SEED: Forging an Iron-Blooded ZAFT 高达Seed：打造铁血扎夫特 Rex Thorne, the youngest hawkish leader in the Sahaku faction and Lacus Clyne’s fiancé. Everyone thought he was a moderate dove, until the day of Bloody Valentine. Smiling at the weeping Lacus, he said, “Look, this is the peace you believe in.” From that day on, he tore off his mask of hypocrisy and used an iron fist to bring the military to heel 103Reads6.4Score—14d adds
- 25 Gundam 00: With a System, I Want to Pilot a Gundam Too 高达00：系统加身我也想开高达 [Not a wish-fulfillment novel! The male lead grows over time. If that bothers you, please don’t read. If you’re interested, welcome! If not, pick another book. Writing this out of love is hard work, so let’s respect one another.] Su Ming transmigrates. Luckily, he meets the god in charge of transmigration. Unluckily, this god is pretty unreliable. I was promised the world of Gundam 00, a guaranteed place in Celestial Being, and my own Gundam! So where the hell have I ended up? In this life, Su M 532Reads7.4Score10214d adds
- 26 Gundam: A Newtype Standing on the Shoulders of Giants 高达：站在巨人肩膀的新人类 This is a YY by someone with a bone to pick with the SEED series... (Please ignore the sentence above...) After waking up, he discovers that he has been reborn in the “future world.” What he doesn’t know is that he will become one of the most unusual people in this world. All he wants is to live a carefree, happy life, but he inevitably gets dragged into a series of events. What can he do? He’s utterly desperate too! 65Reads6.5Score—14d adds
- 27 I Open 00 and Correct SEED 我开00修正seed On April 1, C.E. 70, at the colonial satellite Heliopolis, Ji Qianye awakens from a drunken haze. Before he can even process the memories of his divine counterpart, the soft warmth in his arms and a sweet fragrance wafting over him leave him completely frozen: Sheryl Nome, the galactic fairy of Macross, is sleeping with her head on his arm! “Compensation delivered. We wish you a pleasant life in the C.E. era.” The god’s final message fades from his mind. Looking at his very real wife before him, 387Reads5.1Score—14d adds
- 28 Reborn as a SEED Gundam 重生之seed高达 I’m Lin Yuan. I’ll marry the most beautiful woman and pilot the finest mobile suit. After decades of grueling practice in ancient martial arts, I was reborn! The good news is that I’m in the world of Gundam SEED, the series I love. The bad news is that all my martial arts skills are practically useless here. 1.6kReads6.4Score10314d adds
- 29 The Radiant Kivotos 闪光的基沃托斯 (Wow, this idea hit me right after watching the movie. Nobody's covered this ground yet, so I might as well.) On the battlefield at Adelaide, Hathaway was piloting the Xi and had almost spun the Penelope around like a top when the Federation's power grid caught him off guard. In a daze, he saw a long-haired girl. "Once you've made up your mind to die, death no longer has the right to claim you." When he opened his eyes again, he was in a sea of sand. In the distance stood a vast city. Ha 647Reads—Score10014d adds
- 30 Transmigrated Into Gundam: I Stole the Blitz from the Start 魂穿高达：开局我抢了迅雷 [Multiple heroines + System + Gundam + transmigrate to another world + not a power fantasy] Through a twist of fate, the protagonist, Mo Yan, dies in his original world. When he opens his eyes, he finds that he has somehow gained a System!? What? His first mission is to steal a Gundam? This is the author's second Gundam novel. I'll do my best to make it logical and exciting. Thank you all for your support, and please don't leave bad reviews! Thanks! —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 31 Mobile Suit Gundam: You and I Beyond the Universe 机动战士高达，超越宇宙的你我 Alternate titles: Gundam: The Pink Princess of Another Dimension; Gundam: The White Knight and the Black Swan; Mecha Combat: The Awakening of the Pioneer; Gundam: The White Knight and His Scheming Pink Princess (Redemption + no transmigration + no System + quirky + Gundam fanfiction + multiple heroines [3]) Just say the word. Next time, and the time after that, and always from now on, I'll help you. Look, flowers can bloom on this land too. Things will surely get better, so... you don't have to 5.5kReads8.3Score39714d adds
- 32 Gundam Century: Starting with Joining the Trojan Horse 高达世纪：从加入木马开始 A young man accidentally transmigrates to the Gundam UC world. Starting with his enlistment aboard the White Base, he grows stronger, builds his own custom mobile suit, changes tragic events, and writes an epic of his own. 96Reads6.4Score—14d adds
- 33 Mobile Suit Gundam: Apocalypse in the Dark 机动战士高达：黑夜启示录 On January 3, U.C. 0079, the One Year War, known as humanity's greatest calamity, broke out. Kira sat alone in the cockpit of his mobile suit, once again remembering the war that had raged through countless days and nights. Yes, if back then Kira, or Athrun, or Yzak, or even Dearka or Mu had just shot that bastard one more time, Nicol wouldn't have died! Trying not to dwell on the past, Kira Yamato sat in the cockpit of a cutting-edge mobile suit. Just like back then, he was piloting a machine a 66Reads—Score—14d adds
- 34 Cosmic Mega-Corporation: Starting with Anaheim 寰宇巨企：从阿纳海姆开始 [Mecha Warfare] [Sci-Fi] [Multiple Heroines] [Mastermind] [Open to Suggestions] (If you spot any problems with the writing, feel free to point them out. The author will make revisions.) After transmigrating into the UC universe, I found myself in the body of the son of a senior Anaheim Electronics executive. I thought I'd get to enjoy a life of privilege, but then I discovered that my new identity was anything but ordinary. I also realized it was the year 0068, just eleven years before 0079... 795Reads6.8Score—14d adds
- 35 EN Gundam SEED: I Am a Transmigrator 高达seed之我是穿越者 The protagonist was an obscure wage earner in his previous life. Reborn in the SEED universe, he becomes Char Aznable. As someone who loves SEED, what choices will he make...? 1.6kReads6.8Score11014d adds
- 36 Gundam: Across the New Century 高达纵横新世纪 Cao Yunfei is accidentally transmigrated to another world in a car accident, where he obtains the Godly Gundam System. He travels between parallel universes to acquire powerful Gundams, wage war among the stars, and unravel the mysteries of the universe! (Note: The story builds slowly. Please don't flame it if it's not to your taste. Thanks!) 131Reads6.4Score—14d adds
- 37 Mecha Gaming: I Begin by Transforming Into a Stunningly Beautiful Powerhouse 网游机甲：从变身绝色强化人开始 [Transformation + gender swap romance + System + mature heroine + urban life + campus + light comedy + mecha academy + Gundam battles] This is the story of the strongest pilot and the strongest engineer moving forward side by side, hand in hand? Female Lead’s Perspective: Lu Xiqi transmigrates into a world where everyone fights with Gundams and awakens the Enhanced Human System. “Wait, what? Why did you turn me into a girl? And why do I look exactly like Kiki Andalucia, the notorious femme fatal 86Reads6.5Score—14d adds
- 38 Gundam UC: The Princess's Ember Knight 高达UC：公主殿下的燐火骑士 [UC timeline + slight OOC + no golden finger + one heroine + extremely toxic, not a wish-fulfillment story + Black Char Aznable] (All illustrations are in the comments. You need LV4 to add illustrations, and the author’s level isn’t high enough to put them in the text. I’ve added as many as I could. If they get swallowed, there’s nothing I can do. There are hundreds of pictures, so I can’t check every single one. Written entirely by hand. I’m an old-timer who doesn’t know how to use AI. If I wer 1.3kReads8.7Score12414d adds
- 39 Gundam: Starting as the Vice Captain 高达之从副舰长开始 When Andrew Yang realizes at the age of five that he has transmigrated into the world of Gundam UC, he starts studying hard and striving to improve. At last, in UC 0079, he becomes the first officer aboard a Salamis-class space cruiser. 1.5kReads8.6Score10414d adds
- 40 Gundam: The Rise of the Crimson Star 高达：煌红之星的崛起 Some of the content in this program contains violent material. Parents, please take note. Mecha content such as Gundam, Macross, and Tetsuo. (Super Robot shows are mostly not included.) One female lead. All characters who appear are at least 18; there are no underage female leads. I originally wanted to write about the heroine Setona, but somehow ended up shipping Lala... Have I lost sight of my original intentions? Is Lala to blame... Huang Dahe, a programmer from China, gets caught up in a hac 362Reads—Score27814d adds
- 41 Gundam: SEED Armaments in the 00 Universe 高达：SEED武装在00世界 Lin Fan, a young man from the modern world, accidentally transmigrates into the world of Mobile Suit Gundam 00, arriving at a space colony at the start of the story. He obtains the mysterious "Gundam SEED System," which can summon every pilot from the Cosmic Era, including those from the movies, and grants him a complete blueprint library of all mobile suits and warships, including mass-produced units and every warship model. To avoid becoming a pawn of the various factions, Lin Fan forms an ind 1.6kReads6.8Score10014d adds
- 42 EN Kicking Off in the Gundam World 从高达世界开始 This book has multiple female leads. If you prefer a single female lead, please give it a chance and don't leave a bad review. No saintly protagonist. A transmigration story set in anime worlds featuring Gundam, mecha, and mecha battles. Main world: SEED. Other worlds: Gundam G, 0079, Macross, Cross Ange: Rondo of Angels and Dragons, Gundam Wing, Iron-Blooded Orphans, Gundam 00, the UC series, EVA, and more to be decided (readers can make requests). After suddenly transmigrating to the Gundam wo 1.7kReads7.9Score13114d adds
- 43 Mobile Suit Gundam: Azur Lane 机动战士高达：碧蓝航线 “Um... Keyan, your ships seem a little unusual...” “Hm? Isn't this perfectly normal?” “No, no... It's obviously not! Whose Unicorn has an ‘NT-D’ mode?” “What are you talking about? Unicorn comes with NT-D mode! It's not just my little sister who has it; even Phoenix does. (shrugs)” “Huh? I-is that so? Then... who is that flying up there...?” “Penelope? Nothing wrong with that.” “That's way too casual a reaction! Since when can light cruisers fly?!” “What are you making such a fuss about? Just ad 1.4kReads7.3Score12114d adds
- 44 Gundam: Stardust Rhapsody 高达，星尘叙事曲 There have always been two schools of thought in human history: truth is greater than life, and life is greater than truth. When people want to start a war, they loudly proclaim the former. When they want to end one, they bring out the latter. Who will live and who will die cannot be known until the war is over. The only certainty is that whenever a beautiful flash lights up, several people, or several hundred, have already become dust in the universe. In this vast cosmos, humanity continues to 842Reads8.0Score11114d adds
- 45 Despair from the Start! Save the Witch and Become Her Commander! 绝望开局！拯救魔女成为指挥官！ In 1918, the war between humanity and the alien insects rages on, while the decaying empire struggles to survive. Winter is coming, and the great edifice is on the verge of collapse. A boy who has come from far away discovers that this world is not what it seems and catches a glimpse of the truth. Who will become humanity’s last hope? (Mecha, supernatural powers, witches, transmigration to an alternate world, no System, and no mindless power fantasy. Read with caution if these aren’t your thing. 5kReads8.6Score53514d adds
- 46 The Moment I Got a Zaku, I Became Invincible 抢到扎古的那一刻，就已经无敌 [Worldline starting... Divergence: 00.001%] Su Li looks at the scene on the giant screen by the street and wants to curse. Who gets transmigrated to Side 3 of the Island of Iffish just as the One Year War begins? Does the universe think I've lived long enough? Su Li discovers he can alter the worldline and earn corresponding rewards. From then on, the White Devil will have a new pilot. Enemy: "What kind of Zaku is that?!" Su Li: "The red three-times-faster Quack! Get over here!" 4.8kReads9.0Score34714d adds
- 47 My Mecha Girl Is Actually a Zaku! 我的机娘竟然是扎古！ Lin Tian: I made a contract with a mech girl, but her mech spirit turned out to be a Zaku (⊙o⊙)!~! God-Tier Mechanic System: A Zaku? What's wrong with a Zaku? If you're a man, pilot a Zaku~! Lin Tian: (⊙o⊙)…~ Hey, System, how about you say something else? God-Tier Mechanic System: ...How about... installing a new internal nuclear-fission reactor and a high-energy deuterium engine? Lin Tian: (✪ω✪)~… God-Tier Mechanic System: And how about two original GN Drives? (◔◡◔). Lin Tian: (✪ω✪)~… 703Reads7.0Score—14d adds
- 48 Mecha: I Tore Apart the Campus Beauty's Engine from the Start 机甲：开局拆了校花机甲引擎 [Mecha] [Overpowered Male Lead] [Decisive and Ruthless] [No Saintly Heroics] [Unexpected Contrasts] [Technological Hegemony] [Super AI] [Multiple Mecha Series] [Illustrations] [Over a Million Words, Read with Confidence] Mo Li was the youngest and strongest marshal of the Yanlong Empire. During a desperate decapitation operation against the Zerg, he was thrown into an unfamiliar mecha civilization along with his ultimate weapons: the mecha Divine Machine: Ten Directions of Silence, capable of an 29.2kReads8.8Score2.8k14d adds
- 49 Stars Stir Across a Thousand Clouds 星动千云 Xing Dong is just an ordinary member of the millions of cultivators, or perhaps he doesn't even know that he's a cultivator. If fate exists, then perhaps he was born to toil. If cultivators have prodigies, then perhaps he is just a background character. Beneath the boundless Heavenly Dao, this is the helpless cry of an ordinary cultivator, and the black-and-white battle 375Reads—Score11014d adds
- 50 Steel World: Core Machine 钢铁世界：核心机 [Mecha] + [One Female Lead] + [No System] + [No AI] + [Original, Serious Story] + [Gundam-Style World] + [Mecha Combat] + [Space Migration] + [Demonic Beasts] After a bus accident, I woke up to find myself in a cryogenic pod. Two hundred years had passed in the outside world. The world had changed drastically. Most of Earth had become disaster zones overrun by ferocious beasts. Giant mecha had replaced traditional weapons, and cities were protected by fortresses. The world had been turned upsi 10.1kReads8.4Score1.2k14d adds
