Northeastern China's Underworld in the 1980s: Tales of the Northern Lands

In Northeast China during the 1980s, the economy began to recover and business opportunities emerged as reform and opening up progressed. But social administration and public order remained relatively lax. Underworld forces rose rapidly during this period, especially in major cities such as Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin, where gang rivalries, disputes over profits, and underground dealings were rampant.