Ming 1642

In addition, an obvious advantage of the victorious Manchu Qing Dynasty compared to other Han forces was that the rebellion started quite early. The Manchu Manchu Empire started from the battle of Gule Mountain in the 21st year of Nurhachi Wanli (1593) to the Lao Nujian in 1616. The country was named after the Jin Dynasty. In 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to the Qing Dynasty. The time span was nearly 40 years. The old slaves conquered the territory and left behind the elite soldiers of the Eight Banners. Huang Taiji improved the political system and began to absorb Han warlords and use grand strategies to deal with it. The Ming Dynasty gradually implemented targeted strikes, and the Peasant War in the late Ming Dynasty technically broke out in northern Shaanxi in the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627). During this period, the peasant armies experienced a very difficult and complicated struggle. By the time Chuang Jiang and the Eight Kings integrated their teams to establish the political power, it was already the last year of Chongzhen (King Chuang established the Xiangyang regime in 1642). However, in Wuchang in 1643, the Eight Kings' immature political power construction was unavoidable. Zheng Chenggong entered the stage of history much later and had few troops and territory, so he had little room for display. Wu, on the other hand, had been cultivating his power to protect himself after surrendering to the Qing Dynasty, but he never dared to launch an attack. It was not until he was over sixty that he was forced to jump over the wall by Kang Mazi (I guess he regretted seeing the overwhelming situation in the early stage of the uprising)

Guan Fumin, originally a general under Sun Chuanting, served as the commander-in-chief of Ningxia. He resisted tenaciously when Li Zicheng pacified Shaanxi, and had to surrender only when the situation was over. However, in the battle against foreign aggression, he did not betray Li Zicheng because of his old grudges. He died in the Battle of Shanhaiguan, becoming the first senior general of the Chuang Army to die in the battle against the Qing Dynasty. Zhou Fengwu was originally a general under Zuo Liangyu. In 1642, Li Zicheng attacked Xiangyang, but Zuo Liangyu fled without a fight, leaving Zhou Fengwu's army behind, not even Zhou Fengwu's family members in Xiangyang City. Zhou Fengwu's troops were trapped in the mountains and without food. After learning that his mother, wife and two sons had been captured by Li Zicheng and given preferential treatment, Zhou Fengwu surrendered to the Chu army. In 1644, Zhou Fengwu died in the Battle of Shanhaiguan. Yu Shangyou, the former censor of the Ming Dynasty, surrendered to the Chuang army in 1642 and served as minister of the Dashun military government. He died in the battle of Shanhaiguan. Wang Zayao, the former governor of Miyun in the Ming Dynasty, surrendered after Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, and was appointed Yin of Shuntian Prefecture, where he selected talents for the Dashun Dynasty and appeased the people. At the beginning of Wu Sangui's rebellion, he falsely claimed that his return to Shanhaiguan was due to a misunderstanding. Li Zicheng sent Wang Zayao to appease Wu Sangui with a letter from Wu Sangui's father, Wu Xiang, but Wu Sangui detained Wang Zayao. On the second day after the Battle of Shanhaiguan, Wu Sangui handed over Wang Zeyao to the Qing army. Wang Zeyao refused to surrender and was killed. Wei Xuelian, a former Ming Dynasty scholar and famous painter, surrendered after Li Zicheng entered Beijing. After Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, Wei Xuelian was disappointed with Li Zicheng and refused to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, so he committed suicide. Bai Bangzheng was originally a mid-level officer in the Ming Dynasty. In the battle to suppress the peasant army, he gradually became a senior general by virtue of his military exploits, and was promoted to the general of the Xuanfu. The earliest leader of the peasant army, Baishui Wanger, who ignited the fuse of the peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty, died in his hands. When Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he led his troops to surrender. Li Zicheng ignored the old grudges and entrusted him with the important task of water transportation. Due to the invasion of the Qing army, Bai Bangzheng was recalled to Xuanfu to organize defense. After the Battle of Shanhaiguan, Li Jian and others who were demoted from the Ming Dynasty in Xuanfu rebelled and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Bai Bangzheng refused to rebel and was killed. Zhang Tianlin, one of the early leaders of the Peasant Army, fought jointly with Li Zicheng for a long time. During the low ebb of the peasant army in 1638, he surrendered to Sun Chuanting, but refused to claim credit by killing other peasant soldiers. Instead, he followed Sun Chuanting to Beijing to fight against the Qing army. After Sun Chuanting's death, Zhang Tianlin returned to Li Zicheng's command and guarded Datong. She and his generals Ke Tianxiang and Zhang Heilian were killed in the rebellion launched by Jiang Quan and other Ming Dynasty generals. Gu Kecheng, an important general of the Chuang Army and former battalion commander. After the Battle of Shanhaiguan, he led more than 10,000 soldiers to fight the Qing army in Qingdu in order to cover the retreat of the main force, and died in the battle. Wu Su, a Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty, surrendered to the Chu army in 1643 and served as the defense envoy of Xuhuai. After Wu Su took office, he actively reorganized the army and repaired the Yellow River embankment. At the same time, he was an upright official. He once angrily rebuked those who gave gifts in court. After the Battle of Shanhaiguan, Wu Su prepared to organize all the stragglers near Xuzhou to resist the Qing army, but he believed his old acquaintance. Lu Zhenfei, the governor of Huaiyang in the Southern Ming Dynasty, was captured by Lu Zhenfei, tortured and sent to Nanjing to be killed. Other Shun Dynasty civil and military officials who were killed in the rebellion of the Ming Dynasty officials and gentry were Yan Jie, Wu Zhengwen, Guo Du, Li Daochun,

I remember that at this time, Zuo Guangxian was still unemployed at home, right? Historically, this man was a fierce general who was not inferior to Cao Bianjiao. In the Battle of Taohe, Li Zicheng only had a few hundred men left. He was one of the few generals who fought to a draw with Li Zhicheng, and even suppressed Li Zicheng for a time. If he were to replace his son Zuo Qin, he would at least be much better at commanding operations.

I think one thing that needs to be taken into consideration is that the Shun Army has very little experience in organizing city defense battles. There is experience in field operations, but the mode is relatively simple The Five Battles in Henan For Fu Zonglong, the two political goals of Chengtian and Kaifeng were used to carry out large-scale maneuvers to bring down Fu's tribe and then ambush For Wang Qionian, it was in Henan Dong seized the gap in the Wang tribe and made a surprise attack to behead him Zhuxianzhen began a frontal battle. After the confrontation, Zhuxianzhen beat the Ming army forward and forced the Ming army to flee. In the first battle with Sun Chuanting, he first failed in an ambush and then seized on the Ming army's military discipline to counterattack in confusion. In the second battle with Sun Chuanting, the Chuang army fought on their own preset battlefield after stretching the Ming army's communication line. There was still a slight tactical setback at first, but they relied on the battle layout to cut off the Ming army's supplies and then won. Although the Shun army won all five battles, in four of them (except for the first battle with Sun Chuanting), they caught one of the Ming troops and fled first (or failed to save them until death), causing the entire front to collapse. The first battle with Sun Chuanting also took advantage of the Ming army's small victory and the collapse of the looting formation. However, with the Qing army, the Shun army faced two fundamental differences from the previous Ming army 1. The direct armed forces of the Qing army, especially the Eight Banners soldiers, would not flee first to preserve their strength when the situation was slightly at a disadvantage. Except for the Green Camp and the foreign Mongolian soldiers, in the Battle of Northern Shaanxi, in the face of Gao Yigong's surprise attack, the foreign Mongolian soldiers collapsed and fled. 2. The strategic leadership experience of the Qing court was much higher than that of Chongzhen, so it did not have the advantage of following the army's preset battlefield operations at the end of the communication line (the annihilation of Fu Zonglong and Sun Chuanting was both, and although the battle against Wang was not a preset battlefield, it also stretched the Qin army's front).

The battalion system of the late Ming Dynasty was a military reform that was carried out due to the inability to adapt to high-intensity wars due to stomach problems. The later Shunjun Five Battalion Field Army and the Green Flag Soldiers of the Qing Dynasty can be said to be reforms based on this idea. And if you understand the military system in the late Ming Dynasty, you will know that the power of the general army was expanded in the late Ming Dynasty. From the initial 3,000 to 4,000 people, the number was expanded to nearly 10,000. This was a military reform carried out by the Ming Dynasty in response to large-scale military wars. The main force ranged from the armed servants in the Wanli period to the camp system in the Chongzhen period of Tianqi. The standard camp under civilian supervision was the core armed force to control the generals. Except for the Governor's Camp. The ranger battalions, reinforcement battalions, and regular barracks (standard battalions) under the general corps are all considered regular field tactical corps. They have independent supplies and semi-independent personnel (the general corps has the right to make suggestions), and they are all under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War. Civil servants at the four levels of governor, manager, governor, and governor have their own direct battalion (not included in the general military). The governor is organized as a regular barracks (the deputy general of the standard battalion is set up), the governor-general is organized as a reinforcement battalion (the deputy general of the standard battalion is set up), and the governor is organized as a guerrilla battalion (the standard battalion is set up as a guerrilla). If the establishment is reasonable in theory, the ranger battalion is equivalent to the regiment (2,000-2,500 people), the reinforcement battalion is equivalent to the reinforced regiment (3,000-4,000 people), and the regular barracks is equivalent to the brigade (4,000-5,000 people). A normal general-level unit has a normal establishment of at least 10,000 people, such as three tours, two staff members, and one general. The number of large military leaders like Zuo Liangyu will be doubled, which is equivalent to a division, a small army, or an advanced tactical corps. In wartime, it can be strengthened in units of at least 800-1,000 people per thousand (divisional level). During wartime, general-level military units set up grain stations to be responsible for logistics and supply, which were shouldered by officials jointly dispatched by the Ministry of Household Affairs and the governor's yamen. The eunuchs directly appointed by the emperor were responsible for the military's wartime discipline and merit-recording. During combat, the general-level soldiers go out alone and are supervised by the first-level civil servants sent by the superiors. The campaign operations of the 2-3 general-level units are supervised and directed by the governor (with the directly affiliated standard battalion). The 4-5 general-level soldiers engage in campaign operations with the governor-general's strategic supervision and command (with the directly affiliated standard battalion). Larger-scale combat strategic campaign operations are coordinated by the supervisor (with the directly affiliated standard battalion). The protagonist should be the Governor Biaoying who belongs to Sun Chuanting, and its number should be about 5,000 to 10,000 people.

The author's writing is great, but I just feel that the flintlock gun is too powerful. The casualties caused by the flintlock gun in the line infantry era were not large, and the damage and death caused by cross-fire is not as large as the casualties caused by subsequent close combat. Looking at wars in Europe, most battles often start with shooting and end with close combat. Unless one of the parties is a new recruit or has too low quality, it is impossible to defeat the other party during the shooting phase.

Li Zicheng's advisers to the officials of the Dashun regime: Niu Jinxing - Juren, Zuo Pingzhang, Yang Yongyu - Dr. Qin Tianjian Xiao Yingkun - the former chief envoy of Guangxi in the Ming Dynasty, Deng Yanzhong - Juren, Wang Jiazhu - Jinshi Qingyang magistrate Gu Junen - Itches, Yu Shangyou - Jinshi, official to censor Yao Xiyin - Juren, An Xingmin - Juren Chen Kexin - Juren, Song Qijiao - Jinshi Lu Zhiqi - Jinshi, official to the Chief Envoy of Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty Yang Wangxiu - Juren, official to Tongguan, Shaanxi Province Yang Jianlie - Jinshi, Jiang Xueyi - Jinshi Gong Yan - Jinshi (the one who announced the reform of the eight-legged essay as a policy in the Dashun regime), Zhang Guoshen - Jinshi Zhang Linran - Jinshi (the one who wrote the edict in the first year of Yongchang in Dashun) Wang Zayao - Jinshi, Wu Su - Jinshi Lu Bizhou - the minister of the original Ming Dynasty Henan Post Office Han Wenquan - Jinshi, Lei Yulin - Juren Chen Xin - Jinshi, Jin Youzhang - Gongsheng Liu Jun - Jinshi, Wang Huangji - Juren Jin Ruli - Jinshi, Hong Shengyi - Shengyuan Liu Maoxian—Sheng Yuan, Chu Rong—Ju Ren Cheng Qi—Ju Ren, Jia Shijun—Sheng Yuan Xu Chengyin—Sheng Yuan, Sun Cheng—Sheng Yuan Shang Guojun—Sheng Yuan, Fan Jun—Sheng Yuan Guo Jingbang—Sheng Yuan, Deng Yilian—Ju Ren Niu Wancai—Ju Ren, Xu Jida—Sheng Yuan Xu Shengzu—Sheng Yuan, Wu Tengfang—Ju Ren Song Yuanpu—Sheng Yuan, Liu Zhongtai—Sheng Yuan Liu Zuoyuan - Shengyuan, Ma Shicong - Shengyuan Gao Dangui - Juren, Song Bingkui - the former magistrate of Dongchang in the Ming Dynasty Yan Yangcui - Shengyuan, Cheng Wenhuan - Shengyuan Wang Yuqi - Jinshi, Gong Keyi - Jinshi Xiong Shiyi - Jinshi, Zhao Yusen - Jinshi Wang Ming - Shengyuan, Wu Rushu - Shujishi Zhang Qi - Jinshi, Wu Da - Handan magistrate Zhang Zhiqi - Hanlin Academy review, Shi Min - Jinshi Qin Yan - Jinshi, Wu Erxun - Shujishi

I discovered this person when I was flipping through a book (forgot which one...). This person's name is Jia Qizhen, also named Liancheng, and he is the third son of Jia Guan, Professor of Sandanwei. He was not of high birth, but he was sick and eager to learn when he was young. When he grew up, he became angry and joined the army. He worked all the way to the garrison. He was lenient and did not kill indiscriminately. He judged the merits of the case and was not greedy for merit. He was not greedy for merit in recruiting and surrendering the rebels. Because he was indeed outstanding in Shaanxi, where there were many disdainful people, so he was summoned for his merit. As a result, the first thing he did when he met the emperor was to suggest opening up farmland (which of course would not be adopted). In the end, because of the military shortage, he was not even able to serve as an official. But he still couldn't take any time off. Military affairs had no part in him, so he naturally went to concentrate on literature and music. Of course, it is indispensable to help the poor and promote poor people. In the years of great famine, the remaining grain was also used to help several counties In the end, the family property was ruined because of the looting and subsidies You have to tell me whether he has any backbone, I can only say that he does not have any. Judging from his life, he does not seem to be willing to die for the worries of the Ming Dynasty You want to talk about his class status, he is not clean either. At least from his family background, he can be regarded as a small property owner from a scholarly family. After becoming an official, he will be able to provide relief to "several counties". After all, he is also a landlord, otherwise the bandits will not go to him to "ask for gold" You want to say that he His deeds are not even up to the level of a loyal minister and good minister But he suppressed bandits and did not kill indiscriminately; he solved the case and found out the right and wrong; he punished the poor man and cultivated his cultural heritage; he helped the poor and cared for the common people. This person is a talent. Let's see if the protagonist and Li Zhicheng can use it?

The historical fiction of the little pawn on Zhihu: The wonderful adventure of Emperor Yongchang. In the eighth year of Yongchang, Master Wang returned to Shuntian Mansion. On the first day of the ninth year, the emperor gave a banquet in the Hall of Supreme Harmony and held a gathering of civil and military officials. The emperor was drunk and sighed: "I had many dreams in the past. The Yiyouming people were in civil strife. Duduo swept across the south of the Yangtze River without any hindrance. Then he returned to the army and attacked Azige. I had no choice but to go south to Jingxiang. I had no choice but to go south to Jingxiang. After repeated battles, I was defeated and my soldiers were separated. I was attacked and killed by the local tyrants in Huguang. . I was shocked and dripping all over my body, so I always used this to warn myself. It is all the result of all the kings! I hope that millions of people will be brave enough to go straight to Huanglong, and the shame of Xue Jia Shen will be restored." The ministers proclaimed their promises and left happily.

Now it's interesting. With a new idea, the Manchus and the Qing Dynasty directly used one move to establish a false emperor. Li Zicheng counterattacked. He had to bring out the national justice and the Huayi Revolution, and said that the new emperor was Shi Jingtang. Send a message at the same time. It's best to let a scholar like Zhang Jiayu come. Use the Huayi debate to overwhelm the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers.

1. The Dashun regime's efforts to consolidate its own power after its defeat in the Battle of One Stone A common and wrong view is that the Dashun regime has no local political organization and is an existence without a grassroots and a basic base. From the various efforts of the Dashun regime to consolidate its power in the northwest after its defeat in the Battle of Yiyishi, we can find that this view is completely untenable. 1. Forced relocation of wealthy families and gentry to Xi'an to live together Dashun promulgated an important policy in June 1644, ordering the Ming Dynasty officials and gentry in Shanxi, Henan and other places to be forcibly relocated to various places in Shaanxi for resettlement. For example, in May, Wang Lianghan, Cheng Jianzhou and other gentrymen in Huaxian County, Henan Province, made an alliance to "raise troops and kill the false orders to wait for the king's army." Li Huagui, the Ming Dynasty historian of neighboring Jun County (today's Jun County), also colluded with local gentry to secretly plan the arrest of Ma Shicong, the magistrate of the Dashun regime. After these two plots were exposed, the ringleaders were executed. Liu Sanjin, the magistrate of Huaxian County, also wrote a memorial to invite "Li Zicheng, who wants to catch them all in one fell swoop." In June, General Liu Rukui of the Dashun Army arrived with troops and horses, and took the Ming Dynasty officials and gentry from Junxian, Huaxian, and Changyuan counties to Shaanxi, "each of them was resettled in outlying counties." The Shanxi patrol of the Dashun regime was also ordered to deport all the Jin gentry of the Jin Dynasty, "who are still alive or in hiding, to be released to Xi'an." "All the gentry, big and small, who paid tribute in Huixian, Henan, and their families were escorted to Shaanxi." In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, The notice posted by the Metropolitan Procuratorate said, "The officials and gentry of Henan and Shanxi were forced to travel westward by thieves, and there were many families who were separated from each other, unable to survive or die." The purpose of this large-scale migration of Ming Dynasty officials and gentry was to make these local snakes leave their homeland and unable to exert their social activities. This policy shows the dominance of the Dashun regime over the local area. The last person to forcibly relocate the wealthy gentry was Zhu Yuanzhang. 2. Deployment of Shanxi's defense Mr. Gu Cheng believed in "History of the Peasant War in the Late Ming Dynasty" that Li Zicheng did not leave a single general in Shanxi to unify the command of defense, which was the key to his failure. But according to my review of historical materials, Mr. Gu Cheng's view is wrong. This may be because the old man is subject to real conditions and cannot easily access many materials like we do today. On page 8 of the first volume of "Selected Historical Materials of the Peasant Army War in the Qing Dynasty", the entry "The Situation of the Peasant Army Deploying Troops in the Handan Area and Going Northward After Withdrawing from Beijing" records that Tian Jianxiu, who was second only to Li Zicheng and Liu Zongmin in the Dashun Army and was known as the "Second Mansion", "crossed the river from Xiheyi" in early July and entered Shanxi to unified command and defense. Tian Jianxiu arrived in Pingyang, Shanxi Province on July 9 and made adjustments to Shanxi's defense. He also convened the local magistrates of the Dashun regime in Xingtai, Neiqiu, Guangzong, Shahe, Julu and other places to hold a major military and political meeting. I guess Mr. Gu Cheng has not seen this material. In "History of the Agricultural War", he thinks that Li Zicheng did not leave any generals to coordinate and command in Shanxi - this also shows how fast the academic development of history in the late Ming Dynasty was. Even Mr. Gu Cheng's masterpiece will gradually fall out of date with the development of the subject. However, many commentators have not even read Gu Cheng's works, and they still retain the historical concepts of the late Ming Dynasty during the Republic of China. This is really ridiculous. So why did the Battle of Shanxi commanded by Tian Jianxiu fail? This is mainly because Tian Jianxiu rigidly implemented the campaign plan established at the military and political meeting to cut off the Qing army's Ye Chen's retreat and encircle and annihilate it, instead of adapting to changes in the situation. First of all, let me explain Tian Jianxiu's campaign plan: Ye Chen's entry into Shanxi was not the traditional way of defeating Datong and attacking Taiyuan from the northern Shanxi area. The Qing army may have considered that the fortified city of Datong would be difficult to break in a short period of time, so they took a roundabout way to enter Shanxi, passing through Huaiqing, entering Shanxi from southern Shanxi, and attacking Taiyuan. That's right, it's Huaiqing. This is a very important place for anyone familiar with the history of the peasant army in the late Ming Dynasty. Because Yuan Zongdi, the general of the Shun army soon after, did not rescue Taiyuan when Taiyuan was besieged. Instead, he mobilized all the mobile forces of Dashun in southern Shanxi and northern Henan, and won a great victory in Huaiqing, attracting Duduo, who was preparing to go south to attack Nanming. In the past, I also thought that Yuan Zongdi's sudden attack on Huaiqing was an extremely inexplicable act. But after combining Tian Jianxiu's campaign plan, we will find that Yuan Zongdi's attack on Huaiqing is obviously copying Li Zicheng's old tactics of annihilating Sun Chuanting in the Battle of Ruzhou (in the Battle of Ruzhou, Li Zicheng used two layers of defense to block Sun Chuanting, Liu Zong Min led 10,000 cavalry to attack Ruzhou in a roundabout way and cut off Sun Chuanting's retreat). Tian Jianxiu's battle plan was to have Chen Yongfu stick to Taiyuan to attract Ye Chen, and Yuan Zongdi would attack Huaiqing, cut off Ye Chen's retreat, and encircle and annihilate him. But at this time a major mutation occurred, that is, Datong was lost without a fight. Datong is an extremely strong fortress city. After Jiang Quan rebelled against the Qing Dynasty, Dorgon mobilized all the mobile forces of the Qing army and it took him a year to break through Datong. However, Zhang Tianlin, the Shun army's garrison in Datong, believed that he was kind to Jiang Quan (he had saved Jiang Quan's life). When Jiang Quan led five hundred cavalry to see him, Zhang Tianlin thought that Jiang Quan was coming to repay his life-saving grace. As a result, he was assassinated by Jiang Quan. Jiang Quan immediately led Datong to surrender to the Qing army, which opened the door to the north of Shanxi. After the fall of Datong, the Qing army was able to directly mobilize troops from northern Shanxi to reinforce Ye Chen. The significance of Tian Jianxiu and Yuan Zongdi's attack on Huaiqing was completely lost. 3. The Dashun regime stopped the policy of pursuing stolen goods after a piece of stone and began to inventory the land "Begging for favors to reduce famine grains to realize national taxes and survive the remaining villages" records that the Dashun regime in Linyou County, Shaanxi Province once "explored the wasteland" and collected taxes and grains. "At that time, it was estimated that there were 1,516 hectares and 45 acres of cultivated land in He County According to the land, the amount of grain is 1,883 shi. " In addition, in the inscription of Ma Guozhu, the governor of Shanxi in the first year of Shunzhi, it is said that the Dashun regime "allocated one of the three soldiers in Xinzhou, Shanxi, and the other two were given 30 acres of land and 12 taels of silver." This measure was not known in which month. Judging from the content, it belonged to the military camp. 2. After the disastrous defeat of the Dashun regime, the confidence and status of internal personnel Traditionally, we all seem to think that Dashun collapsed immediately after the defeat, ignoring the fact that it continued to stalemate with the Qing army in the northwest and other places for nearly a year. In the history of the Peasant War, Gu Cheng only emphasized the group of officials and gentry who rebelled against Dashun, but did not tell about the many groups of officials and gentry who also supported the Dashun regime at this time. Therefore, many people felt that after a stone was removed, Dashun was immediately besieged on all sides and disintegrated internally and externally. 1. "Inscribed on Sun Zhenren's Cave" and Jiang Xueyi Jiang Xueyi was the Minister of Li Government of the Dashun regime, and "Inscribed on Sun Zhenren's Cave" is a poem he wrote when he visited Yaowang Mountain in the first year of Yongchang. The inscription has been destroyed. But fortunately Yang Dingrui, the Yaozhou pastor of the Dashun regime, left a poem "Sun Zhenzhen Dongfeng and Dazong Bojiang Teachers' Congratulatory Rhymes". Judging from the poetry, after the defeat of Yiyishi, these senior scholars and civil servants of the Dashun regime did not lose confidence in the Dashun regime. On the contrary, they still have time to travel around, which also shows that the Dashun regime's control over the northwest inland region is relatively stable and safe. 2. Chen Yongfu and Zuo Guangxian Both of the Ming generals hated Li Zicheng the most. Chen Yongfu shot Li Zicheng in the eye at the top of Kaifeng City. Zuo Guangxian's deeds of defeating Li Zicheng in the Tao River and Han River became the prototype of the story of Li Zicheng's defeat at Tongguan and his eighteen cavalry running to Shangluo Mountain. Chen Yongfu defended Taiyuan for Li Zicheng until Datong fell due to Tian Jianxiu's deployment failure and Zhang Tianlin's assassination by Jiang Quan. Chen Yongfu chose to die in battle when Taiyuan fell and failed to break through (another theory is that he surrendered to the Qing army, but was not reused) Zuo Guangxian served as the rear guard for the Shun army in the Battle of Wangdu. He was shot down by the Qing army twice and had to change horses to fight again, which resulted in a disabled leg. He also chose to surrender to the Qing army after Li Zicheng failed in the Tongguan Battle and fled to Huguang and was killed by Tuanlian armed forces. It can be seen that the situation of the Dashun regime before and after the Tongguan War was not as bad as people traditionally thought. We tend to look at problems from the perspective of hindsight, but in the eyes of people at the time, Li Zicheng, who was known as the "Elder Peishang" and "The Young Master of Taiyuan" (yes, Li Zicheng was in Shaanxi and Shanxi at the time, and was widely regarded by scholars as the reincarnation of Liu Bang, the "Elder Peishang". This may be related to his more lenient personality). Although Li Zicheng failed in the Battle of Shanhaiguan, the city of Beijing was lost. But just like after Liu Bang captured Pengcheng, the capital of Western Chu, Xiang Yu achieved an epic victory. At that time, many people still believed that it was entirely possible for Dashun to stalemate with the Qing army in Shanxi and Henan, and possibly win the final victory. This confidence did not collapse until Li Zicheng gave up Xi'an to avoid being attacked from three sides.

The establishment of the Fifth Battalion of Dashun is generally based on the one built by Li Zicheng in Xiangyang in the 15th year of Chongzhen. The basic personnel establishment should be as follows: Zhongying Commander Zhongquan General Quan Liu Zongmin, Tian Jianxiu Commander He Jin Commander Zhongquan Former General Guoyi Ren Jirong General Guoyi Wu Ruyi Zheng Weiwei General Zhang Nai Deputy Weiwei General Dang Shousu Zuo Weiwu General Xin Sizong Right Weiwei General Li You Xie Yinglong Yang Yanchang Luo Daien Zhao Yingyuan Zuo Ying System General Liu Fangliang Deputy System General Liu Xiyao General Zuo Guoyi Ma Shiyao General Right Weiwu Liu Rukui Ma Shitai Zhang Hong Wang Jincai Liu Shijun Hao Yaoqi Youying General General Yuan Zongdi General Zuo Guoyi Bai Yuhe General You Guoyi Liu Tichun Yuan Zongdao He Dengyun Ma Yunxiang Li Furong Ta Tianbao Front camp Control general Gu Kecheng General Zuo Guoyi Xie Junyou General You Guoyi Tian Hu Back camp Control general Li Guo General Zuo Guoyi Zhang Neng General You Guoyi Ma Chongxi Li Laiheng Helan Lu Yingbiao Gao Yigong Li Shiwei Wu Pingxiao

Comparison of the combat power of various forces in the late Ming Dynasty, but due to my limited skills and too laziness, I have not written about the opinions of the Zhihu bosses I know. This is a start and a reference for the author. First of all, it should be noted that the backbone of the peasant army that started the early uprising in the late Ming Dynasty had a strong military flavor. Not only were the folk customs on the three sides of Shaanxi Province fierce, but also the Ming Dynasty Shaanxi society and the frontier army system had a very close connection At the end of the Wanli period, a small group of rogue bandits appeared in Shaanxi, and most of them were composed of defeated soldiers who fled back to Shaanxi after the defeat of Saarhu. If we push the time to the beginning of the peasant uprising in November of the first year of Chongzhen, we will find that just one month later, in December of the first year of Chongzhen, the Guyuan Mutiny occurred in the center of the northwest frontier because of the long-term lack of pay. (Don't forget, Wang Jiayin was also a border soldier) These two uprisings were essentially the Jiubianqiuba abandoned by the imperial court and the tens of millions of hungry people who "shaked the big tree with the body of a cricket" opened the curtain of the late Ming Dynasty The Guyuan mutiny lasted for several years In the following month, the "liujie" among Jing, Yuan, Fu and Yao were broken up by the imperial army. A considerable number of the "Guyuan thieves" were incorporated into Wang Jiayin's tribe, and the remaining ones were active in Guyuan until the second year of Chongzhen. Hong Chengchou led more than 10,000 people to encircle and suppress them, and they broke through and went to Chunhua. "Ming Tongjian" records that "all the thieves from Guyuan joined the thieves' party". So the military quality of the key members of the Thirty-sixth Battalion of the Rebel Army in the late Ming Dynasty that later developed was quite excellent To give a few examples: Li Zicheng was born as a postman and had a proper military background; Guo Tianxing Zhang Tianlin, "Ping Kou Zhi" recorded that he was originally a soldier of Yansui Town ("Yansui Town Chronicles" can be evidence); Wang Wenyao, looking through "Yansui Town Chronicles", guessed that it was originally a Ming army that did not collect at night, and later in the Eighth Route Army The team was called "Night Harvest" Zhang Xianzhong, a soldier in Yansui Town; Gu Kecheng, a soldier in Huaiyuan Fort, participated in Li Zicheng's uprising in Mizhi ...... Also There are many generals whose deeds cannot be tested Although the early rebels had excellent military quality, due to Wang Jiayin's premature sacrifice and the lack of a leader who could intimidate everyone and a clear strategic goal, the various units of the peasant army were too scattered and their combat effectiveness was uneven. Li Zicheng was only the captain of the eighth team when the peasant army elected Wang Ziyong on June 24, the fourth year of Chongzhen, with only 700 cavalry and infantry under his command. After the third team defected to Li Zicheng, his power continued to grow. At this time, there was a huge gap in combat power between the peasant army and the official army. The reason was that the internal structure of the peasant army was loose (the Ming army was actually similar) and the logistics lacked guarantee. Moreover, in terms of the military quality of the soldiers themselves, they are still insufficient compared to the elites of the Nine Sides. But the advantages are also "divided and unpredictable, erratic", which is conducive to preserving its own effective strength and gradually growing stronger During this period, the peasant army gradually formed a set of tactical habits suitable for mobile combat, focusing on fast-moving cavalry, and often using surprise attacks to attack the east and the west. The peasant army's surprise attack on Daning around Puzhou is a good example. When Wang Ziyong was pacified, Li Zicheng's power had developed to three battalions The peasant army at this time was quite dangerous. From Zhang Fengyi's "The Ministry of War titled "Jin Province" Thieves Are Rampant and Other Potentials", it can be seen that in the fifth year of Chongzhen, the Ming Dynasty had Li Bei Aiwan in the west. Retained by the governor Xu Dingchen in 2001, only He Renlong, with more than a thousand men, fought with the peasant army in the Ji and Ning areas. The commander-in-chief Zhang Yingchang was stationed in Fenyang and beat him to death and refused to move. In the east, Xuanda's 4,700 soldiers under Zhang Zongheng's command just drove the rebels to the west. The Mao Hulu soldiers in Henan also stopped. In fact, the total number of Ming troops from all directions was not more than half that of the rebels, not to mention that most of them did not move. At this time, the rebels briefly got a moment of respite Then the Ministry of War began to plan to mobilize the mobile forces at its disposal around Shanxi to jointly kill the rebels.

Killing or hurting? This operation is awesome. Sun Chuanting kills wounds and wounds. In essence, he still uses warriors as tools. As the first emperor of Xiaozhong, you, a soldier, want to arm warlord Huantian and kill soldiers. No matter how good your operation is, the morale of your subordinates will definitely drop by 20%.

He died and he must die.

The protagonist is actually an old subordinate of Sun Chuanting, who should be Sun Chuanting's model governor. According to the traditional camp system of the Ming Dynasty, the camp system evolved from the guard system, so there is a certain degree of similarity between the two. Soldiers under the guard system not only have to undertake military tasks, but also take on daily planting tasks. They are a kind of "arms" with multiple roles. The officers under the camp system are professional soldiers who only accept military tasks and do not need to farm. There is a relevant record in "Shanhaiguan Chronicles": "The camp establishment refers to the military or one member of the thousand households is in charge of the operation, and another promoted commanding member is stationed in the Shimenzhai camp. When there is an alarm from various customs, the supervisor will lead the troops and horses to respond according to the local area." From the above materials, it can be seen that the camp system is parallel to the guard system. The battalion soldiers focus on proficient combat skills on weekdays, and become a mobile force during wartime, supporting various passes as needed. To a certain extent, the camp army is a kind of standing army. Later, the green camp army system in the Qing Dynasty evolved from the camp army system.

Time is too tight and there is no time. If the purpose of the Eastern Expedition is only to clear the periphery of Guanzhong, it will be okay in Shanxi and Shandong. If Hebei is captured, the ruling order will be unstable. If you want to appoint officials, you must garrison, and if you want to garrison, you must disperse the troops. Time is simply not enough. Again, either Shanhaiguan must concentrate its forces to determine the outcome in one battle, or it can capture Shanxi and Shandong and treat Hebei as an opening. Once the Manchus break the pass, the Shun army can encircle and suppress it from east to west. If the Manchu Qing Dynasty cannot enter the Pass this time, then they will not be able to enter the Pass and establish a ruling order in the future.

I found that there is an important problem that is somewhat prominent in this book, and that is the author's characterization of the characters in this book. To put it simply, it is too dull, without focusing on describing the characters, and the writing is relatively monotonous. Although there is nothing a new author can do about it, it is better to put some effort in this aspect.

Wu Sangui's old generals in Liaodong Town left a list, recorded in the fourth year of Shunzhi. General Soldier He Jinzhong Deputy General Yang Shen, Sun Wenhuan, Wu Chaozhong, Li Kezhi, Li Yingke, Wei Zhiping, Zhang Guangzu, Zhang Jian, Guo Hongwei, Wu Guozhu, Tong Shisheng, Zhang Guozhong, Hu Liang, He Qifeng, Bak Yong, Wu Sanji, Fu Wenyuan, Fang Chenggong, Pan Yongchang, Fu Tianfu, Gao Kui, Bai Hanzhen, Guo Yunlong General Shi Guozhu, Bing Guoqian, Li Yunlong, Xu Xueyan, Wei Lahai, Baihu Keshitu, Cui Kexian, He Qilong, Chen Taihe, Liu Shixuan, Wu Guogui, Zhao Zhixiang, Fu Sanrang, Tao Zhian, Jin Chenggong, Liu Kui, Liu Shangyi, Cao Shigong, Zuo Zhongkui, Li Qifang, Niu Chengyin, Zhu Cai, Chen Yijing, Xia Sixun, Zhou Yuan, Wang Jia Ji, Zu Bangwen, Yu Zhide, Wu Sanbian, Wang Degong, Liu Yingrui, Jin Liangchen, Gao Dejie, Zhang Dajing, Wu Xiaozhong, Liu Wei, Feng Shixian, Dong Yongxian, Chu Delong, Guan Guotai, Chen Changzuo, Xiang Yougong, Ren Shouqi, Li Yonggong, Wu Yingfa, Xian Silun, Sheng Cunzhu, Jiaye, Liu Fumin Guerrilla Ma Chun, Wang Shengzong, Zhao Gun, Yang Minghuan, Liu Zhengmin, Zhang Qiwei, Dong Zhaomin, Wang Haozhong, Yang Fengyuan, Xue Lachu, He Tiancheng, Wang Weijun, Ye Jiqing, Lu Cheng, Huang Yuan, Meng Ketu, Wang Shangxuan, Liu Xianhan, Zu Fuxian, Feng Mingdao, Liu Sanchong, Chen Zhifu, Pan Rufang, Wu Youliang, Wang Huang, Wang Yongxian, Zhao Shijun, Ha Yu, Wang Zuojie, Tong Shaosheng, Xia Yijue, Zuo Youjin, Cai Anbang, Men Shifan, Liu Fangming, Zhu Dajiang, Pan Liuzhu, Qin Dynasty, Ge Shiyong, Liu Jinshan, Wang Yizhu, Li Shouzhi, Han Cheng, Huang Guoxun, Wang Moming, Liu Youjin, Wu Hongmo, Luo Shiqi, Fu Sanyi, Fu Wenkui, Song Yougong In the tenth year of Shunzhi, there was another list of junior officers Dusi Liu Shikui, Liu Dengke, Wang Chengyun, Mu Jinggui, Gao Jiedi, Zhang Huaizhen, Zhao Shizhen, Wang Jie, Zhang Shanzheng, Li Chenggong, Li Wenyao, Zhang Mengshen, Zhan Bolong, Zhou Shideng, Zhang Yaoyuan, Ma Jie, Zhang Deyi, Zhu Keshitu, Lou Shengyuan, Ding Chaoyong, Liu Guoxiang, Liu Fang, Zhang Guoyou, Wang Shunxian, Liu Youzhi, Han Bangning, Zhang Yong, Zhou Zongyao, Xiang Chaofu, Xiao Xun, Chen Xu, Min Tingyuan, Zhu Yong, Cao Fengyun, Cai Shilong, Xian Weiming, Liu Yingwu, Min Guangxian, Ma Liang Fielding Luo Chaochen, Dong Hanguo, Tan Outline, Dong Yongji, Zheng Cai, Zhang Guowen, Zhang Yun, Qin Dacai, Lu Tingliang, Fu Tiande, Zhang Shiyan, Zhang Guowen, Zhang Tiancheng, Wang Weiping, Luo Jingxian, Zhang Yin , Zheng Xi, Chen Hongdao, Ye Shixiu, Wei Yuncheng, Xian Zhijie, Tang Maode, Wei Minyu, Dong Dingbang, Chang Youming, Cui Dengke, Gao Yingwu, Yu Qilong, Wang Chengyuan, Cui Chengfu, Wang Shixuan, Wang Qi Qian, Li Wanliang, Sheng Zhen, Yao Biao, Xiao Degong, Zhang Bangdong, Zhu Jingliang, Lan Yinglong, Wang Zhiguo, Li Chengke, Long Youming, Liang Tianzhi, Wang Dengyun, Mou Guodong, Zhou Chengwu, Sun Rong, Cheng Hongxun, Liu Guoyou, Wang Qinming, Jin Yuguo, Teng Shanxing A group of people here died in battles with the Ming army, mainly due to Liu Wenxiu, the former member of the Great Western Army. Deputy generals Bai Hanzhen, Guo Yunlong Counseling generals Wu Xiaozhong, Liu Yingrui, Chu Delong Guerrilla Ma Chun, Wu Hongmo, Wang Yongxian, Liu Xianhan, Liu Youjin, Zhao Gun, Song Yougong A group of people retired from old age and illness during the Shunzhi years. Deputies Zhang Jian, Fang Chenggong Counseling generals Yu Zhide, Xiang Yougong, Liu Kui Guerrilla Xue Lachu, Wang Huang, Pan Rufang, Feng Mingdao, Men Shifan, Zhang Qiwei, Liu Sanchong, Liu Fangming, Wang Zuojie Some people or their descendants became famous when Wu Sangui raised troops to rebel against the Qing Dynasty. General Soldier He Jinzhong (?) Commanders Wu Guogui, Gao Dejie Guerrilla Wang Shangxuan (zi Wangpingfan