Sun and Moon: Yongli 1656

Many people couldn't figure out where the southwest was in the Ming Dynasty, so they started arguing. To put it bluntly, it was the four provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi today. The Qin State conquered Sichuan in 316 BC; Guizhou was established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in 111 BC; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established a county in Yunnan in 109 BC, and Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms touched upon it; Guangxi established Guilin County during the reign of Qin Shihuang. What the Ming Dynasty did was to truly solidify the land that had been laid down by the past dynasties, converting the land back to the countryside, garrisoning troops to farm, and immigrating to establish schools, so that they could be transformed from a land of restraint into a part of the Han Dynasty. Shi Bangxian, a native of Kaili, Guizhou, was a famous general during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. He guarded the junction of Guizhou, Sichuan, and Huguang provinces for decades, fought hundreds of battles, and defeated the rebellious chieftains. History books say that he was "powerful in the southwest", and the local people called him "Southwest Gancheng", which is the shield and city wall of the southwest. After his death, he was posthumously named the crown prince's Taibao, which is the highest honor a military commander can receive. But he is not the only one who is awesome in Guizhou. Sun Ying'ao, a native of Kaili, Guizhou, was a Jinshi during the Jiajing period and was promoted to minister of the Ministry of Industry. He was also a famous thinker in the Ming Dynasty. He returned to his hometown to give lectures and trained a large number of students. Zhang Jian, a native of Chishui, Guizhou, was the first Jinshi after Guizhou was established as a province in the Ming Dynasty. He became an official in Fujian and participated in politics. It was he who broke the history of no one in Guizhou becoming a Jinshi. Xie Sanxiu, a native of Guiyang, Guizhou, was a famous poet in the late Ming Dynasty. He was called "the handsome poet in central Guizhou" by the literary circles in the south of the Yangtze River, proving that Guizhou's culture can be on an equal footing with that of the Central Plains. The reason why these people emerged is because the Ming Dynasty truly brought Guizhou into the national orbit, establishing a province, running schools, and holding imperial examinations. He scolded the Ming Dynasty for oppressing the Southwest, so how did these people come out? Did it come out by toasting fire? The southwest produced not only civil servants, but also a large number of military generals who made great achievements for the Ming Dynasty. They also entered the stage of history through the system of the Ming Dynasty. Guizhou: Shi Bangxian, a native of Kaili, Guizhou, guarded Guizhou, Sichuan, and Huguang during the Jiajing period. He fought more than a hundred battles, suppressed the chieftain rebellion, and shocked the southwest. He was called the "Southwestern Gancheng" by the people at the time. Yunnan: The Mu family has guarded Yunnan for generations. Although they have a foreign surname, they are actually the same vassal king. From Mu Ying to Mu Tianbo, they have protected Yunnan for more than 200 years. When the Ming Dynasty fell, Mu Tianbo still fought with Emperor Yongli in Burma, and the family was full of loyalty. Sichuan: Qin Liangyu, a native of Zhongzhou, Sichuan, was a famous female general in the late Ming Dynasty. She led the "white pole soldiers" to go north to King Qin and guard Shanhaiguan. She was named the crown prince's Taibao and first-grade royal wife by Emperor Chongzhen. She is the only heroine in Chinese history to be recorded in official biographies of generals. Guangxi: Mrs. Wa, a native of Tianzhou, Guangxi, was a chieftain of the Zhuang ethnic group. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, she led the "Wolf Soldiers" to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to fight against the Japanese. Wang Jiangjing became famous after the victory in the battle, and was named the "Second Grade Lady" by the court. She was the pride of the Zhuang people. Which of these people is not bleeding blood for the Ming Dynasty? They are not the oppressed, they are the generals of the Ming Dynasty, the children of the southwest, and the heroes who guard the country's borders. That man scolded the Ming Dynasty for oppressing the Southwest, so why didn't he ask who these Southwest generals were fighting for? The Ming Dynasty conquered, defended, and slowly nurtured the southwest. It was the first Han Dynasty to truly bring the southwest under the direct control of the central government. It relied on a three-pronged approach of conquering, colonizing, and reforming: quelling the rebellion, garrisoning the fields, and returning the land to locals, allowing the Han people to take root in the southwest, and turning the chieftain territories into imperial prefectures and counties. As a result, the southwest changed from a land of control to a part of Han Dynasty, with immigrants, imperial examinations, and villages. This was construction from scratch. The Qing Dynasty continued to take charge of the southwest and continued to reform, but it changed the logic. It took over the foundation of the Ming Dynasty. Although the reform was more thorough, the methods were more violent (such as suppressing the Miao border areas) and the policies were more divided (the Han people were not allowed to enter the cave, and the barbarians were not allowed to leave the country). The purpose was to maintain stability rather than integrate. As a result, the southwest has indeed become stable, but ethnic barriers have also deepened. The biggest difference is who is in charge: the Ming Dynasty treated the southwest as its own backyard, and left Han villages and Confucian schools after the war; the Qing Dynasty treated the southwest as a frontier, and left behind the green barracks and isolation policy after the war. To say that the two are the same is to either fail to understand history or to deliberately muddy the waters. The Ming Dynasty changed the land and returned it to the southwest, turning the chieftain territory into imperial prefectures and counties, leaving an administrative foundation for future generations; the Manchu and Qing Dynasties "shaved their hair and changed clothes" to the Central Plains, interrupting the Chinese clothes and hats, which was completely different in nature. Without the Ming Dynasty's three hundred years of immigration, farming, and schooling, the Southwest would still have been a foreign land. The National Army would not have been able to establish its capital in Chongqing, and the Red Army would have nowhere to fight during the Long March, let alone the subsequent suppression of bandits in New China. The Ming Dynasty managed the southwest by converting wasteland into their own fields, while the Manchu Qing Dynasty ruled the Central Plains by occupying other people's homes and changing their own surnames. To say that the two are the same is to either fail to understand history or to deliberately muddy the waters. Where did the Manchu Qing come from? The ancestors of the refugees who came from Tunguska in Siberia lived in the Far East of Russia today, fled to the Northeast, and took advantage of the civil strife of the Ming Dynasty to break into the Central Plains. What's even more ironic is that they were able to survive because the Ming Dynasty took them in. The Ming Dynasty set up Nuergandusi in the Northeast, gave them official positions, food, and territory, and raised them as their own. As a result, I got fat and bit back. People who say the two are the same either don't understand history or are deliberately muddying the waters.

I like the late Ming Dynasty because I have seen too many regrets, too much desolation, and too much affection between fathers and sons, kings and ministers, for their family and country, which all show that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming army pulled its hips, the government was absurd, the people were bullied internally, and the external battles failed. . However, what I saw was that when the Ming army was poor and weak, they still had a strong sense of righteousness, resisted the violent invasion, and defended the country. The soldiers and civilians, who had not seen the Songjin, cried out to restore the land, and were eager to retaliate, and the desire to revitalize China What I saw was the eve of Julu, when the people were eating pots of pulp and dispersing their family wealth and sacrificing their lives to repay their kindness. The feelings of the soldiers and the fish and the water of the innocent people's ambition to defend the country I saw What we can see is that even though corrupt officials are rampant, party fights are endless, and drinking soldiers' blood to feed private soldiers has become a symbol, there is still Yang Sichang's dedication and dedication, Sun Chengzong's dedication to the country, Sun Chuanting's courageous reforms, three years of drinking ice without his blood getting cold, Lu Xiangsheng's feelings for the family and country, never retreating in a fight to the death, and loyalty, and the two Cao families who sacrificed their lives and carried hundreds of thousands of banners. Killing the thieves, Zu Dashou's sincerity and original intention have not changed, Qin Liangyu's perseverance in the southwest has become stronger What I saw was the persistence of a sober man in power at the last moment of the dynasty. He mistakenly believed that too many people had killed too many loyal people, and gave this weak tiger shock therapy under the eyes of a pack of wolves. He was familiar with the classics and history, and knew the imperial court He was too impatient, but the decline in the Wanli period could not be changed at this time. He had already known the fate of the dynasty. He had talked with his ministers several times about destiny, and issued several edicts to blame himself. The country was difficult, but he still had the ambition to rejuvenate. The desperate white silk on the coal mountain was his last explanation for the dynasty and the heaviest sigh for this era. What I see are the blood and tears that have been deliberately erased between the lines of the history books. They are the names that are mentioned in a few words in the official history, but shine brightly in the unofficial history notes. They may not have been granted the title of marquis or prime minister, or they may have suffered infamy, but when the building was about to collapse, they used their flesh and blood to support the last dignity of the Han family. I like the late Ming Dynasty, not because of its glory, but because of its brokenness. It is in this irreparable brokenness that the brilliance of humanity appears so dazzling. It was an era of broken rites and broken music, and it was also an era of the strongest moral integrity; it was an era of thousands of horses and horses in silence, and it was also an era of the most tragic and solemn shouts. When people of later generations read the history of the Ming Dynasty, they often lament the ancestral precepts of "no marriage, no indemnity, no cession of land, no tribute, the emperor will guard the country, and the king will die in the country", and sigh at the strong spirit that would rather break than bend. But behind this toughness are the bones of countless nameless people, and the rekindling of countless hopes after they were shattered. So what I see is not only regret and desolation, but also a persistence that transcends life and death. It is the stubbornness to look up at the stars even if you are in the dark abyss; it is the determination to do something even though you know you cannot do it. This heavy emotion, after hundreds of years, can still hit the softest and hardest place in the heart of everyone who understands it.

He will be strangled in five years. Let Zhu Youlang practice his martial arts quickly. He won't die like this. Come on! Awesome!

Infighting is not the cause of military failure, but the result. There were also many conflicts within the Qing Dynasty. Is the relationship between Daishan, Amin, Mang Gurtai, and Huang Taiji better than the relationship between Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, Liu Wenxiu, and Ai Nengqi? The first step of Huang Taiji was to commit suicide on behalf of Shan. He was rejected by Nurhaci, which led to the separation of the two red flags. Yue Tuo, who was close to Huang Taiji, became the owner of the red flag. Sun Kewang's first step was for Ai Nengqi to die in battle, and Feng Shuangli, who was close to Sun Kewang, took over Ai Nengqi's troops. The second step of Huang Taiji was to conquer North Korea, lead troops into the customs, and establish military prestige. Sun Kewang's second step was to pacify Yunnan, lead troops out of Yunnan, and establish military prestige. The third step of Huang Taiji was Amin's defeat in Yongping, which deprived Amin of his military power. Sun Kewang's third step was to defeat Liu Wenxiu in Baoning and deprive Liu Wenxiu of his military power. The fourth step of Huang Taiji was to defeat the main force of the Ming army at Daling River, and then took the opportunity to suppress Mang Gurtai and gain dominance in the south. Sun Kewang's fourth step was lost at the fork in the road, so he failed to suppress Li Dingguo. If Sun Kewang wins the Battle of Chalukou, like Huang Taiji did, he can annihilate the main force of the Qing army and capture Tunqi alive, then Li Dingguo can only watch the stars with Liu Wenxiu. In troubled times, warlords only obey the strong. Sun Kewang won the battle, and he could do it if he wanted to take over Li Dingguo's military power. On the other hand, if Huang Taiji was defeated by Zhang Chun in the Battle of Daling River, and instead it was the Mang Gurtai Formation that killed Sun Chengzong, no matter what political skills Huang Taiji had, would he be able to annex the Zhenglan Banner? Wouldn't the Red, White and Blue Six Flags come together to oppose this defeated Great Khan? The internal strife in Nanming was mainly caused by lack of strength and had little to do with orthodoxy or unorthodoxy. As long as you defeat the Qing army and take back a province, you can feed tens of thousands of troops and reward hundreds of officials. In the face of such huge interests, any contradiction can be temporarily suppressed. At the beginning, the Qing Dynasty could not solve its internal problems at all, so it relied on the results obtained from the Ming Dynasty to temporarily suppress them, and then slowly solved them later. For example, when Dorgon first became the regent, he actually had no advantages at all. Hauge and Jirhalang were enough to check and balance him. However, Dorgon defeated Li Zicheng and encircled the Eight Banners soldiers in North China. Later, Azige pursued Li Zicheng and won. Duduo took Jiangnan. Faced with such huge interests, all political opponents were unable to confront Dorgon. On the other hand, as long as the Qing army cannot be defeated on the battlefield, no matter how wise and powerful people are in power, they will not be able to solve the problem of too small a pie and too many people dividing the pie, and they will all have to fight among themselves.

The king calls himself: Song, Yuan and Ming call themselves "I" or "I". Before the Qing Dynasty, few people called themselves "this king". Starting from the Kangxi year of the Qing Dynasty, it was common for people to call themselves "this king". Those who are called Wangjue by subordinates; Song Dynasty: King/a certain king. Yuan: Your Majesty/Your Highness. ​Ming: Your Highness / A certain king. ​Qing: Prince, a certain prince/a certain county king. Before the Ming Dynasty, the emperor was almost never called "Emperor". In the Ming Dynasty, the emperor began to be called "Emperor" occasionally, and in most cases he was called "Your Majesty". After Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, people began to be generally called "Emperor". The emperor calls officials; before the Qing Dynasty, most people called them official positions or Qing, and Aiqing was rarely used. In the Qing Dynasty, Aiqing began to be used extensively. In ancient times, women called themselves: "nujia" was a modest name for women after the Song Dynasty. Women in the Han and Tang Dynasties more often called themselves "concubine", and noble women could call themselves "I" and "I". Before the mid-Ming Dynasty, most dynasties used copper coins for daily transactions, with very little gold and silver. It was only in the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty that silver became the mainstream currency. In the late Ming Dynasty, "meeting votes/deposit checks" appeared among the people. There were no unified rules. Most of them were deposits and withdrawals/exchange receipts from acquaintances or local circulation, and were not legal currency. In the early years of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1823): Rishengchang Bank was established, and private banks began to issue standardized banknotes, focusing on long-distance exchange. They were only circulated in the Shanxi merchant trade circle and major commercial ports, and were not yet popular. In the third year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1853): the official issued the Ministry of Revenue official banknotes (official banknotes), which were forced to circulate nationwide. At the same time, the network of private banknotes expanded to the whole country, and official and private banknotes ran parallel. The use of banknotes entered an explosive period and became the "starting point of popularization." The memorial system was only established during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties used "memorials", "tables" and "statements" to submit memorials, while in the Ming Dynasty they used "titles" and "memorials". There is no such thing as "memo" or "zhezi". "Please say hello" is a unique etiquette in the Qing Dynasty. It was mostly used between subordinates to superiors and juniors to elders. During the Tang and Song dynasties, people often crossed their hands and bowed to greet each other when meeting, and there was no such thing as "say hello". Before the Yuan Dynasty, subordinate officials rarely called superior officials "adult". In some dynasties, subordinates called eunuchs "adult", and in some dynasties, they called their parents and elders "adult". Beginning in the Yuan Dynasty, lower-level officials would occasionally call officials of second-rank and above "sir". From the middle and late Ming Dynasty, only officials of third-rank and above would be called "sir" by their subordinates. Officials with lower ranks could not be called "sir". However, in the late Ming Dynasty, there began to appear a few cases where officials above the fourth rank were called "adult". Before the mid-Qing Dynasty, following the rules of the Ming Dynasty, only officials of third rank or above would be called "adult". Starting from the mid-Qing Dynasty, calling officials "adult" gradually became common for lower-level officials. Attention! ! ! What is mentioned above is that lower-level officials refer to higher-level officials. No matter which dynasty, it is absolutely impossible for higher-level officials to call lower-level officials "sir". Some novels even write about emperors or nobles calling other officials "sir". This is simply contrary to Tiangang! ! ! Finally, let's talk about the problem of civilians calling officials Before the middle and late Qing Dynasty, civilians in various dynasties and generations called officials differently, and most of them called them "officials" and "masters". From the middle to late Qing Dynasty, civilians also called officials "adult". @reader

Some people always talk about the Ming Dynasty's invasion of Vietnam, but never ask about the reasons. During the Song Dynasty, Vietnam (Jiaozhi) invaded Guangxi and massacred 100,000 people. This was not a border friction, but a city massacre. The Song Dynasty was unable to get it back, and this blood debt remained hanging. If Ming Dynasty takes over and fights back, what's the problem? Let's talk about New China. Why did we fight the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam in 1979? Because Vietnam, under the leadership of the Le Duan clique, expelled overseas Chinese, invaded and occupied borders, carried out armed provocations, and even threatened to "attack Nanning for the Spring Festival." What's more important is that as soon as it finished attacking the United States, it turned around and followed the Soviet Union in its anti-China campaign with weapons aided by China. This is called repaying kindness with enmity. Neighbors like Vietnam have always been like this in history: if you are strong, they will obey, if you are weak, they will be bullied. The Song Dynasty was massacred by it, the Ming Dynasty was harassed by it, and New China was stabbed in the back by it. If you don't explain the cause and effect clearly and just criticize a paragraph, you are either stupid or bad.

Anyway, I have blocked the book "Looking from the North to the Country" forever.

Are you prepared to see Li Dingguo squeeze out Liu Wenxiu after Sun Kewang is defeated? Li Dingguo's typical tricks are useless

I have criticized the problems in the first forty chapters before. Strictly speaking, the problems in the first fifty chapters are very big, and even affect the emotions of some readers later. Generally speaking, historical novels use a small number of single chapters to describe the overall situation. The battlefield layout and the current mentality of the small characters are all very normal operations. However, in the early stage, many people were angry after reading it. As a result, these normal descriptions later made readers criticize and made the plot rhythm a bit unstable. After Chapter 50, the level has indeed improved significantly. The emotional foreshadowing is becoming more and more natural, the overall situation is clear, and the strategic connection of all the anti-Qing forces is very comfortable to watch. However, the description of the political and economic aspects is still lacking. After Chapter 50, it is considered a masterpiece. (Wouldn't the author consider resetting the first fifty chapters?)

It's time to catch up on new books! During the new book period, it's especially important to catch up on reading! The starting point recommendation has been revised. The number of effective follow-up readings is an important criterion for whether a new book can be recommended and successfully advance to the next round of recommendations. If you don't follow up, you won't be recommended, it won't have enough exposure, and the book's performance will be greatly affected. Follow-up is particularly important for a book, especially a new book To become a [valid follow-up], you need to meet the following two conditions: 1. Have recharge or consumption records within three months 2. Follow up to the latest chapter within 24 hours after the chapter is released ps: During the new book period, you must turn to the latest chapter on Tuesday, and it is best to click on the last page. Please don't just let it go and not raise it! Post more in this chapter. Posting fan creations, peripherals, etc. In the book club can add circle value. When the circle value reaches level three, you will have ten fan titles every week and a certain operating fund. By the way, we are recruiting operations officers!