After the Ming Dynasty

Look at the author's thinking. Shaving your hair hides your power. Moved south to Yunnan and Guizhou. No troops are wasted. It's best to join forces with Li

There were many ways to extend his life in the Ming Dynasty. Even if Chongzhen wanted to live to be seventy-three, as long as his health was good enough, it was possible, but it was absolutely impossible to make a comeback. To solve the problems in the late Ming Dynasty, the solution is very simple, just let the farmers go back to farming. To allow farmers to go back to farming, we have to move away the five big mountains that burden farmers: taxes, labor, donations, rent, and debt. (1) Taxes From beginning to end, the Ming Dynasty was plagued by a serious problem: taxes were too low. Because taxes are too low, ordinary people cannot live under the pressure of taxes. The taxes in the Ming Dynasty were so low that even the cost of collecting them was not enough to maintain the daily expenses of the government. Therefore, the cost of collecting them had to be "solved by themselves" by the local government. So, should the government look to the poor to solve the problem, or should the government look to the rich to solve the problem? In the environment of the Ming Dynasty, there were no rich people without political background, so the answer was obvious, find the poor to solve the problem. And even if it is a formal tax, it is easier for the rich to evade it because they have power. So the taxes that should have been paid by both the poor and the rich are now paid only by the rich, and the rest falls on the poor. When Chongzhen levied three rates, he made "precise calculations" and believed that the three rates were completely within the range that farmers could afford, because he only counted legal taxes, but illegal taxes were ten times more than legal taxes. Even if the three rates were not levied, farmers would still be unable to afford it. For example, there are 10 households in this village with 3,000 acres of land. Two of them have 1,200 acres each, and the remaining 8 households have a total of 600 acres. Originally, if one bushel of land was collected per acre, and a total of 300 shi of grain was collected, everyone could afford it, and the government's expenses would be sufficient. However, the court wanted to "light corvee and pay little tax" and changed it to 30 tax per 1, and only levied 100 shi for grain. The two large households could each pay 40 shi, and the 8 small households paid a total of 20 shi. However, the government actually needs 300 shi, otherwise it will not even be able to pay the tax collector's salary. So who will come up with the remaining 200 shi? Of course, it is through various "bad rules" and all kinds of unbelievable excuses that are imposed on those small households. So, two large households own 80% of the land, but only need to pay 27% of the tax, and eight small households only own 20% of the land, but need to pay 73% of the tax. This is based on the premise that large households abide by the law and pay taxes according to regulations, but in actual implementation, they still have to evade taxes. Therefore, those small-scale self-cultivators nominally "enjoyed" the "benevolent government" of thirty-one tax, but in fact had to spend half of their income to deal with government exploitation, which was not much lighter than the exploitation suffered by tenant farmers. This has led to their poor ability to withstand natural disasters. Once a disaster occurs, the total harvest is not enough to pay taxes, what should we do? Then you have to escape, and so the refugees were born. (2) Service There were rules in the Ming Dynasty. People with meritorious status were not required to perform corvee service, and even the service silver had a certain amount of exemption. As long as you dare to dig a cat hole, someone will dig an undersea tunnel for it. In the environment of the Ming Dynasty, if there was no famous person in the family, it would be impossible to be a big landowner for a long time, and the family property would definitely be taken away. Therefore, most wealthy landowners have fame. The "appropriate exemptions" stipulated by the grassroots level mean that they simply don't pay a penny. Therefore, this regulation actually means that the issue of corvee service has nothing to do with the Jin gentry. Corvee service was supposed to mean "the rich should pay and the powerful should contribute." But now that the rich can no longer contribute, what should we do? Then we can only exert our strength to death. Not only people have to work hard, but animals also have to serve the Ming Dynasty. For example, if you have a cow at home, then your corvee will be much heavier than others, so heavy that you can't afford it at all. What should I do if I don't want to do corvee work? Sold the cow. How to farm the land after selling the cattle? Cannot be planted. What should I do if I can't plant the land? Escape. So the refugees were born. (3) Donation What should we do if normal taxation and the extortion accompanying taxation are still not enough for the daily expenses of local government, or cannot satisfy the desires of officials? Then come up with various excuses and make temporary arrangements. Including the transit of officials and troops across the border, it will bring a huge burden to the farmers, because these will become an excuse for the government to collect various assessments, taxes, and "temporary transfers." The so-called "temporary recruitment" is basically direct robbery. It would be even worse if the people who came to be "recruited" were not government servants but officers and soldiers. Especially during the Chongzhen period, the officers and soldiers who suppressed bandits took away your family's money, food, livestock, your wife, daughters, and even your head. What to do? When the army is suppressing bandits, the most dangerous thing is to be a commoner, but it is safer to be a bandit. After all, the bandits are the people who provide food and clothing for the officers and soldiers. In many cases, even if they are surrounded by the officers and soldiers, they can still spend money to buy a way out, while the common people can only die. (4) Rent Rent refers to the rent paid by tenants to landlords. I don't know what the original practice was. I only know that when the tenant farmers in Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province were fighting for rent reduction, they demanded "a reduction in rent, so that they can only pay seven or eight dou per stone." With a large population and little land, landlords and tenants are in a completely unequal relationship. Landlords rely on their fame to gain protection from the government, while tenants only have their own labor force, and their labor force can be replaced at any time. This makes tenant farmers have no right to speak without resorting to violence. Therefore, landlords can use various means to exploit tenants at will, such as making large buckets in and small buckets out, making tenants bear the transportation cost of delivering grain to the granary, adding one bucket of rice for every stone collected, asking tenants to work for their families for free, asking tenants to avoid taboos, and even sleeping with tenants' wives. If you are dissatisfied, you do not want to share the land. Others want to share it. If the land is leased to others, the landlord will still be the landlord, and your whole family will starve to death. Of course, there are also landowners who have good conscience and do not exploit their tenants. However, others have the ability to take care of you at any time, but you can only rely on their conscience. Can such a peaceful life really last long? (5) Debt Both farmers and tenant farmers generally face a problem. After dealing with the four major problems of taxes, labor, donations, and rent, there will be basically nothing left in this year's harvest, and they will not even have food to eat. Then, you have to borrow food. If you borrow money, according to the laws of the Ming Dynasty, the maximum monthly profit is three points, but in actual implementation, this is basically the minimum standard. It is even more outrageous to borrow grain. No matter you borrow it for half a year or three months, you have to pay back the summer grain as soon as you harvest it. For every stone you borrow, you have to pay back one stone and a half. What should I do if I can't afford it? Li Zicheng has already set an example. The master will hand you a piece of paper to the Yamen. He will first beat you, then show you the shackles, and make you kneel in the sun. You will not be given food or water. You will be released after three days of shackles. Nonsense, you will attract flies in three days. The combination of these five mountains ensures that farmers have no residual property and no ability to resist risks. If an accident occurs, their families will be destroyed. "Unfortunately", Chinese farmers do not have the custom of starving to death at home without food. None of these five mountains can be moved by the emperor. Once the mountain collapses, the emperor will be the first to be killed. These problems can be solved, but they cannot be solved by the emperor. If the emperor wants to touch these problems, he will betray most of his minions. An emperor without minions is nothing but an emperor. Chongzhen did not dare to shout the slogans of "three years of exemption from taxation" and "no errands and no grain". Completely clearing land and reforming the land tax across the country, not to mention how many people will be offended, there are not even available human resources. If he wanted to "suppress the troops and pacify the people", the soldiers would be suppressed by him first. Chongzhen naturally did not dare to support the permanent tenancy system and let tenant farmers press the landlords' heads to force them to sign contracts. Abolition of slavery, burning of body deeds, and burning of bonds would be even less daring. If you don't dare to do any of these, then you will just have to linger.

The author takes it too much for granted. He divides the fields, unites this and that, and discusses military and state affairs with ordinary people. You are ridiculous. You take it too much for granted.

What if you come during the harvest season? Disrupt your production order, how can you feed so many people. You are in Shandong, and the geographical location is too bad. There is no one who can unify the world from Shandong. When the author develops in Shandong, he will inevitably be attacked from the north and the south. How can the army fight against the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty without training for several years. The combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners was second to none in East Asia at that time, and could even be said to be the best in the world.

The reason why Guangwu can be revived is because the people of the Han Dynasty have always had a sense of kindness to the royal family. The rule of Wen and Jing is not an exaggeration. Although Emperor Wu was militaristic, he established the backbone of the Han nation. On the other hand, in Zhu Ming, the wooden and earthen forts caused hundreds of thousands of elite troops of the Han nation to be wiped out in one fell swoop. Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty drafted a girl, and the people of Jiangnan were wiped out. He was busy marrying his daughter, Emperor Jiajing was busy cultivating immortals, and let the people of the capital die of hunger and cold without even caring about the dignity of the country. The various taxes imposed by Emperor Chongzhen to protect the country were imposed on ordinary people without any bottom line. It was a completely unacceptable practice. Didn't he know that this was a rebellion forced by the government and the people? He just knew that he would suppress the people and did not dare to attack the nobility, civil servants, and clan. To these people, he would rather humble himself as a noble emperor and beg for donations from these people. He did not have Zhu Yuanzhang's ruthlessness at all! He is really cruel to the people! Not to mention those weird clans in the Ming Dynasty, the people wanted to eat their flesh. Such a pig will never die, which is unacceptable in heaven. It's just that what no one expected was that Manqing Pig Tail took advantage of that. After the death of the Song Dynasty, due to its openness to business, although the peasants were exploited too much, but the people could still survive to some extent. For the scholar-bureaucrat group, the scholar-bureaucrats are still willing to observe integrity for the country, so there are still people who are willing to jump off the cliff. And the Ming Dynasty was cruel to the people. It has also raised a group of literati and landowners who have no integrity, and a royal family that has completely lost its popular base will only become a ghost if it can be supported!

You take it for granted. If you rebel, you will rebel. Ancient people, do you think they were stupid? Farmers are simpler and smarter than anyone else. Literary and reasonable, full of idealism. Brother, you are rebelling.

There is a problem with the title of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the book. What is the Qing court called? Calling it Qing means that the protagonist recognizes its legitimacy. On the protagonist's side, it should be called Pseudo-Qing or Donglu and Jiannu.

How should I put it, fifty or sixty chapters have been written, and the protagonist has been showing off how great he is. The protagonist is the one who expresses himself in front of others, and there are no other characters in the author's works. The rebellion has been going on for so long, but there is no specific program, no specific teaching group, or propaganda team. Others are watching the protagonist train, eat with the soldiers, and help the old lady carry water. The protagonist is acting like a crazy person, and he has not taught everyone what to do.

I have no desire to continue watching. Are my expectations too high?

In short, author, please use less technology trees and less preaching. Don't describe the main heroine's plot like the previous book. There is not as much life as the main character. The main character in this book is a bit ungrounded and looks down. Ordinary people are half a step ahead. Geniuses are one step ahead and crazy. Don't say anything to me about those who win the hearts of the people. The world is so fake. Look at who in history has truly risen from ordinary people to the position of emperor. Only nobles are always qualified to play. Although it is cruel, it is reality. What I want to tell you is that Zhu Yuanzhang started out as a commoner. Zhu Yuanzhang was the son-in-law of Guo Zixing.

Why do so many books start in Shandong? No matter which angle you look at, Sichuan is more suitable than Shandong, right? The mountains are high and the forests are dense and dangerous, and it is a granary. There is no shortage of people, minerals and rivers. The location is perfect. Why not start in Sichuan?

It's not impossible to be a slave without being rebellious, but it's not impossible to be a slave. There are several novels about being a slave, and they are quite popular now. 😰😰😰

It was only in the eighteenth year of Wanli that the clan was allowed to take part in the imperial examination. How could a group of people be able to cheer up after being held in captivity for two hundred years. During the period from Wanli to Chongzhen, the clan of the Ming Dynasty produced dozens of candidates and thirteen Jinshi, most of whom were unknown, and a few of them did well as minor officials. Among these royal officials, the descendants of Ning Fan are the most prominent, because King Ning's rebellion caused a decline in their living conditions, which made King Ning's family the best educated in the clan. I know of only one clan official with experience in leading troops, Yunyang Supervisor and Discipline Officer Zhu Yibian (replace the middle part of the two "Xin" with ""). When he participated in the defense of Yunyang, he fought several battles with the Chuang Army. Although he did not have outstanding results, his performance was still good. He was also one of the first Ming Dynasty officials to realize that Li Zicheng had begun to farm and the world situation had changed, and his level was not bad. However, his efforts accelerated the demise of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing army entered the Pass, the Yunyang Ming army collectively surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and some of them participated in the battle to destroy the Hongguang regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty. I have not found out his final whereabouts. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were still a group of people with integrity in the clan. After all, the moral character of any group could not be the same for everyone. There must be a few good people among the Tianlong people. The list is too long, and it is too laborious to type their names, so I won't write it down. Their information can be found in the section about the clan at the beginning of Qian Haiyue's edition of "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty". However, although these people have integrity, they have never had any experience in military or government affairs. They are often just used as banners and cannot engage in any substantive work, nor have they achieved any important results. Even so, these people are worthy of respect for being able to accompany other rebels to fight against the Qing Dynasty and die together. Tang Wang Zhu Yujian and Lu Wang Zhu Yihai were the best among the princes in the late Ming Dynasty. They also happened to be the most troubled among all the princes in the late Ming Dynasty. The king of Tang was imprisoned twice and almost died. He experienced the pain of being persecuted. King Lu experienced the Yanzhou Massacre and escaped the Qing army's butcher knife by hiding among the dead. But their problem is the same. They have patriotism but no experience in actual work, which makes them unable to become warlords themselves. Although it is possible to do things that are beneficial to the country, such as calming people's hearts, those who cannot command troops in troubled times will definitely not be successful. People like Zhu Yujian and Zhu Yihai, who have lived outside normal society for half their lives and were released by warlords to directly serve as leaders, have a huge difference in combat effectiveness compared to emperors like Liu Bei who were chopped off on the battlefield. Such a person may be a good emperor in peacetime, but he is fragile and powerless in the face of war. So, although Zhu Yihai "never surrendered, never gave up, and was upright and awe-inspiring," he didn't even master the basic skills of employing people, and he was controlled by others throughout his life. Zhu Yujian was right in terms of grand strategy: he should treat the people well, stop party fighting, appease the King of Lu, unite the peasant army, promote Zheng Chenggong, and counterattack Jiangxi. All of them were right, but he couldn't control the army or even the civilian officials sent out. Although the strategy was right, he couldn't execute it. He wasn't even as good at escaping as Zhu Youlang, so he could only persist for one year. But if Zhu Yujian was a genius, self-taught without a teacher, could lead troops in battles, and control civil servants, then Zhu Youjian might not have imprisoned him in Fengyang, but sent him directly to Caishikou. Another special case is Zhu Rongfan. This man was very good at deception. He even deceived old people such as Li Guo and Wang Guangxing. You can't be opportunistic in fighting a war. If you can't do it, you just can't do it. No one's abilities fall out of thin air. If they are not tempered by practical work, if one hundred people are in power, at least ninety-nine of them will be at a loss. Take the civil servants who were able to command operations in the late Ming Dynasty as an example. Lu Xiangsheng was promoted from magistrate and military officer to envoy in charge of military affairs, and then to governor. Sun Chuanting first served as Fu Cheng, gained experience in managing civil affairs, and then became governor. Hong Chengchou was promoted to governor from the grain inspector in charge of logistics. These people were first trained in relatively simple practical work in the local area, and later took on jobs such as logistics management and local militia management. Only then did they understand how to fight, even if they had experience in organizing rural warriors in their hometowns. And those who were at the same time as them, who were born as officials or even idle at home, and were directly pulled out by Chongzhen to become governors, most of them harmed others and themselves when fighting. The clan system of the Ming Dynasty tried its best to prevent the clan from coming into contact with practical work. The feudal king can do anything, but he can't do serious things. The vassal king eats, drinks and has fun, so the emperor can rest assured. It is not a big deal for the vassal king to bully men, dominate women, and exploit the people. But if the vassal king cares about the people, the emperor should think about whether he is going to rebel. If the vassal king was interested in military affairs, the emperor would directly conclude that he would rebel without even thinking about it. Since the Ming Dynasty clan had never received relevant education and had no opportunities to practice, it is normal that they did not play much role during the national revolution.

I've added a bookshelf, but it's still too thin, so I'll give it a try first.

What can I say about reading his books since I became the first assistant? The writing is good enough and the historical background is profound, but the plot is a bit taken for granted and can even be called child's play.

In the last book, I saw steamed buns under the city and the defender surrendered. Since then, I have been a little afraid of reading your book. It defies logic.

The hardware determines the upper limit of your software. Don't be idealistic. If the modern system is like this, it would only be worse in ancient times.

This chicken was just one month old, and you went to it. How cruel!

I have an article that says why no one likes or comments, so I came here to ask. The author said that in the future, ordinary people will eat whatever they want until they don't want to eat it. I just want to ask when that era was when I was a little envious

Is this the end of Ming Dynasty? It is clearly the history of the development of the Yimeng Mountain Revolutionary Base Area

In fact, the problem of the Ming Dynasty was the collapse of the constitution. The conflict between land and land annexation in the late Ming Dynasty was not very intense. The peasant uprising began in Shaanxi. Most of the people in Shaanxi in the late Ming Dynasty were homesteaders. Jiangnan, where the land annexation was the most serious, only had slave rebellions, which was far from the level in Shaanxi. Many people say that the landlords and gentry do not pay taxes. When did the literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have tax-free privileges? All they have is the right to be exempted from corvee. Many people who have never read history cannot even distinguish between taxes and corvee. They are two different things. In Wu Yingji's "Loushantang Collection", a letter from him is included, which is about what he experienced when he passed by Zhenyang County, Henan Province in the seventh year of the Apocalypse. I set off in the morning and walked sixty miles out of the city. The weather was good. I looked out from the sedan and found that both sides of the road were covered with weeds. However, these areas were clearly once farmland, but had not been cultivated for a long time. I asked the bearer: "Is all the land in your county like this?" The bearer said: "Nine times out of ten, it is like this. Xixian County next door is better, about 40 to 50%." When I arrived at the post station, I saw a few old people and government officials, so I asked them : "So many fields are abandoned, why don't we pay taxes?" They said: "How can such a good thing be a daydream?" I asked: "Since we have to pay taxes, why don't we farm the land? How can we pay taxes if we don't farm the land?" They said: "If there are no cattle, what kind of land can we farm?" I asked: "How can there be no cattle?" They said: "Firstly, there are too many cattle stealers, and secondly, if there are cattle, the government will always send corvees , If you can't bear it, you can only sell the cattle, and eventually everyone escapes. People escape, but they still have to pay the tax, so they are divided among other people in the same village, so more and more people escape, and finally the whole village escapes." I asked: " Why don't you sell the land?" They said: "Whoever buys the land has to pay the tax on the land. Only fools buy this thing." I asked: "Then why don't you go to the county to file a complaint? They looked at me like I was a fool: "The county magistrate has been living in poverty for ten years and has worked thousands of miles as an official just for money. He only cares about raising taxes. Anyone who doesn't pay taxes will be beaten. As for other things, they are too lazy to pay attention to them. Anyone who complains will be beaten." I said: "This is a thoroughfare. So many big officials have to pass by here, no one cares about it?" They said: "Yes, no one cares about it." God is not capable of forcing Chinese farmers to give up their cultivated fields. Only the government can accomplish this big thing. Wu Yingji has been trying to find a way out for this country, but he did not find it until eighteen years later when he died against the Qing Dynasty. But this way out is real. Just fifteen years after he wrote this article, the Chuang army occupied the southern Henan and northern Huguang areas where Wu Yingji had traveled. Nearby Ming Dynasty officials exclaimed that the Ming Dynasty was about to end. "The thief forbids killing to teach farming, and arranges officials to set up officials to confuse the people's hearts and make sure they follow suit." "It is forbidden to kill people, and they will pay for their lives; and they agreed to kill one cow and pay for ten horses." "The thief gave the cow again. Planting is a long-term plan to relieve the poor, livestock and mulberry farmers. "The people are all attached to the thieves but not the soldiers. The thieves have food but the soldiers have no food." The thieves are so vicious that they let the farmers farm. In the same Henan, why are farmers willing to farm after changing the government? Is it because Li Zicheng asked Song Xiance to burn talismans that Henan became more prosperous?

Opening two books in a row, this start is a bit hairy.

It's okay to read it every day. I just wanted to read it for a few days, but it turned out to be a eunuch.

Why do you feel that you are not allowed to write?

Damn it, I found the eunuch as soon as I started chasing.

First, Shandong is too close to Beijing, the capital of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties. If too much trouble occurs, it will lead to a full-scale encirclement and suppression. If you were an enemy, would you attack the close ones first or the far ones? After all, the knife edge is on the neck; the second political issue is that the Confucius family in Shandong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Many literati surrendered directly and became traitors. They had too many resources, and Pig's Feet relied on the bottom to get up, which would attract the hostility of the gentry class; third, the ability to resist risks is too poor. If Pig's Feet does this, the Qing Dynasty will 100% massacre, and people's hearts will disperse, even if there is no massacre The farmland was directly destroyed, and within a year or two, it collapsed directly; in the fourth ancient times, many people relied on interests to bind people (including a stable life), not on so-called ideas. Don't think about how Hong did it. The social environment at that time was completely different from that of pig's feet. They had a large number of strong-willed people and high-level talents trained by the top domestic military academies at that time. As long as the Manchu and Qing dynasties provide benefits, there will always be betrayals; the fifth is too idealistic and can be developed in the countryside, but most of the means of production are in the city. The countryside is not enough for the development of pig's feet. Some people will say that it is impossible for pig's feet to develop, but the current size of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties means that pig's feet can produce one knife, while the Manchu and Qing Dynasties can produce a hundred. Not to mention firearms, as long as the time difference is not widened, they can be imitated; sixth, geographical location, how can we win in Shandong? Without cavalry, infantry cannot catch up or run away on the plains. Don't underestimate the cavalry at that time, and don't overestimate the muskets at that time. It is even more impossible to develop a navy, and shipbuilding is not that simple. Therefore, in the late Ming Dynasty, if you don't cheat in Shandong, you will basically not succeed. It is better to extend the front line and develop in Nanming for a while.

I have no desire to read this new book title

Dear writer, your new book is very good. I have joined the new book investment group. Please update~

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, people had to kill each other if they wanted to come back to life. Only when the Tatars and Qing Dynasties were invisibly united could they secure their country.

The late Ming Dynasty has been badly written. The author should consider writing about the late Southern Song Dynasty in the next book. There are very few good serials written in the late Southern Song Dynasty and only one is the end of the Song Dynasty.