Novels like Back to the Primitive Era: Survival Begins
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as Back to the Primitive Era: Survival Begins, best match first.
- 101 The Rise of the Stone Age 石器崛起 Li Feng, a modern-day office worker, had spent a long night at work. After clocking out, he returned to his dorm and fell into a deep sleep, only to transmigrate to a primitive Stone Age tribal era. Waking up among a bunch of apemen, Li Feng thought, "What a hellish start!" But since he was here, Li Feng had no choice but to face reality and do his best to survive. These apemen didn't seem to know how to twist hemp rope. Well, he'd start by teaching them that. They seemed to learn pretty quic 11.3kReads8.3Score64314d adds
- 102 In a Primitive Tribe, I Lead the Tribespeople to Prosperity 原始部落,我带领原始人奔小康 What! I've transmigrated! Great! I look at the endless primeval forest before me, then at the animal skins I'm wearing and the tribespeople beside me, grinning foolishly. This transmigration is such a rip-off! At least I have a System. I'll lead the tribe to a moderately prosperous life! 556Reads6.5Score—14d adds
- 103 Becoming a Big Shot Starting in the Stone Age 从石器时代开始做大佬 Returned to ten thousand years ago, he lives alongside wild beasts and competes with dinosaurs that soar through the skies and burrow beneath the earth. He leads primitive people and builds an era of his own! 309Reads—Score—14d adds
- 104 I Transmigrate as a Withered Tree and Guide Humanity 穿越成枯树指引人族 Also known as "Bringing Earth Technology to Another World and Shocking Everyone" and *Guiding Civilization + Farming + Wars with Other Races + Technology + No Female Lead* Lin Xia, a graduate student in history, wakes up to find himself transformed into a dying ancient tree. His consciousness is trapped in its withered body, rooted in the perilous Forest of Eternal Night. Gray mist fills the woods, strange beasts roam freely, and, more terrifying still, he senses a primitive tribe drawing near. —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 105 Return to the Primitive Era: Become a Wild Man, Farm, and Build a City 回到原始时代当野人王种田建城池 Good morning, everyone! Women, come over and give me a massage. Men, go shovel manure! Have you eaten? If not, eat two of my fists! Pure wild people, no System! A true man is born between Heaven and Earth. Even in primitive times, he should be the wildest of the wild! The protagonist transmigrates and has to survive alone in the wilderness from the start. Different environments lead to different paths of development. Follow him as he gradually mines and gathers resources, discovers others like h —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 106 Living It Up in the Primitive World 我在原始爽歪歪 I can't believe I can understand animal speech! Once, I was offered a rare chance to return to the highly civilized modern world! I turned it down! Life in primitive society is amazing! First, I'll replace the Yellow Emperor, the Yan Emperor, and Chiyou, and unite the Central Plains. Then I'll tour my kingdom! And maybe build a pyramid while I'm at it... 24Reads—Score—14d adds
- 107 The Primordial Era 远古纪 Yi Qian is a young archaeologist with a modest reputation. After an accident, he transmigrates through time and returns to a primitive age. A tribe on the brink of extinction is given a new dawn. Life goes on, and so does the fighting. What changes will a visitor from another era bring to this ancient, savage continent...? 1.2kReads8.5Score10614d adds
- 108 The Primitive Deluge 原始洪流 Hua Jie is reborn in primitive society. Starting with the Hua tribe, which is on the verge of extinction, he uses his virtue and talent to set the tide of history in motion, step by step, witnessing the growth and development of civilization. 61Reads—Score—14d adds
- 109 The Wilderness: I Lead My Tribe to Rise Through Farming 蛮荒:我靠种田带领部落崛起 [Farming + infrastructure building + no struggle for supremacy + mostly everyday life + no female lead] Xu Feng and a System claiming to be the consciousness of Blue Star are inexplicably swept into a spatial rift and transmigrate to the Savage Continent. The System gives him only an appraisal skill and a shop where he can exchange for all kinds of knowledge from Blue Star, then logs off at lightning speed. This place is full of upgraded animals: claw bears as tall as hills, terror birds, and mo 704Reads6.5Score10014d adds
- 110 Building a Primitive Civilization: Hints Are Everywhere 打造原始文明:生活处处是提示 Build a faction + farming + infrastructure + conquest + adventure + bunny girls + tips [A saber-toothed tiger is lurking in the grass. The tribe chief will be eaten in three minutes!] [Your tribeswoman Shicao has admired you for a long time. She wants to have your babies and will sneak into your cave at midnight tonight. You know the rest…] [A cedar tree is excellent material for making a shortbow. See the diagram for instructions!] Ye Chen’s soul transmigrates into a prehistoric tribe. Using th 913Reads6.5Score10214d adds
- 111 The Primordial Rise of the Human Race 人族之原始崛起 In the primordial world, the human race is weak and insignificant, struggling to survive in the narrow gaps between countless dangers, with little hope of growing stronger. But when a soul falls from beyond the heavens and possesses a young tribesman, the fortunes of humanity begin to rise. And it all starts with one person! 119Reads6.3Score—14d adds
- 112 After Losing My Job, I Became a Wild Man 失业后,我成了野人 Farming + infrastructure + tribal warfare + no System + alternate world Some call me a messenger of the gods. Some call me a charlatan. Others call me an otherworldly being. But all I want is to live a better life! “Anyone who opposes this divine envoy will be attacked!” “What? You want to be my maid?” “High Priest! You're in danger. Join us now!” “My dear boy, whatever you do, don't wield the Sky Piercer Halberd.” He Yu, an unemployed young man, is in a car accident on his way home and acci 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 113 The Tribe Rises: A Survival Tale in the Primeval Forest 部落崛起,原始山林生存记 He transmigrated into the body of an ordinary primitive tribesman. Without a golden finger, he could rely only on the meager experience from his previous life as he led his tribe through the harsh primeval jungle, facing predators, natural disasters, hunger, disease, and countless other dangers. He led his people in making fire with sticks, weaving nets to catch fish, and hunting beasts... Everything was for survival. He led his tribe in refining salt, weaving hemp, clearing forests to make fiel 3.4kReads8.8Score26314d adds
- 114 Primitive Tribe: Leading My People to a Stable Life 原始部落,带领族人安身立命 Researcher Lin Feng transmigrates to an unknown world, spreading civilization, founding tribes, fighting fierce beasts, driving out foreign races, establishing a unified nation, and protecting humanity so it can thrive. In this unknown world, primitive people are on the verge of becoming the lowest rung of the food chain. Huge savage beasts roam everywhere, and all kinds of evil foreign races prey on humans. The primitive people struggle to survive in the cracks, until one day a modern man who c 2kReads7.5Score10914d adds
- 115 Conquering the Primitive People 征服原始人 One day, Wang Zhe made an incredible discovery: his wardrobe could take him to a valley nestled among towering trees. He casually caught four fish from a stream, and when he returned to the city, they turned out to be worth 1.4 million yuan! 18Reads8.0Score—14d adds
- 116 Diary of Life in a Primitive Tribe 原始部落生活日记 Primitive tribe, hunting and gathering, totem shaman, wilderness survival, fire by friction, stone tools and wooden spears, fake golden finger The author's two great passions: novels and stock trading. Note: Updates are slow and irregular. That's just how it is. The author has gone to review their trades. 7Reads—Score114d adds
- 117 Transmigrating to Primitive Times: Life as a Caveman Is Pretty Sweet 穿越原始:当个野人美滋滋 [The Yellow Emperor, the Flame Emperor, and Chiyou are all enemies. Rewrite history from the ground up! Starting in 2040, modern history will be rewritten!] (Transmigration + System + Primitive Tribes + Taming Beasts + Ancient Divine Beasts) The protagonist accidentally transmigrates to a primitive society where people live off the land. He slays divine beasts, kills Chiyou, and beats up Shennong and Xuanyuan. He wages war in Africa, conquers the Americas, and takes Europe... Until he establishe 28Reads—Score—14d adds
- 118 I Transmigrated to a Primitive Tribe, Where the People Hail Me as Their Shaman 穿越原始部落,族人奉我为巫 [Early Infrastructure-Building + No Romance + Expansion in the Later Stages] [Dedicated to securing peace for the realm in ten years, providing for the people in the next ten, and bringing lasting peace in the ten after that] Li Yan transmigrates to a primitive tribe, sick and close to death. From the start, a wildfire destroys their home, and the ignorant tribe believes it is divine punishment. Li Yan becomes their shaman, pretending to commune with heaven and earth while gradually teaching the 4Reads—Score10714d adds
- 119 Returning to Primitive Times to Conquer the World 回到原始时代征战天下 He arrives in a cruel, savage prehistoric world where beasts from different eras roam the same land. Fierce beasts prowl the mountains, giant pythons lurk in the jungles, raptors shriek across the sky, and enormous crocodiles rule the deep pools. Red-haired, green-faced cannibals dominate the mountains, while hulking giants wreak havoc across the skies. Watch as Jiang Yuan leads a weak tribe that lives off raw meat and blood, teaching them to make fire, hunt, plant crops, weave nets, raise lives 1.5kReads8.4Score10314d adds
- 120 I Traveled to Ancient Times, Luckily I Have Steel 穿到远古好在我有钢 Wang Hao is sent by an AI to the ancient Paleolithic era. Armed with a Type 95 military bayonet he brought along and knowledge from the future, he fights tooth and nail to survive. The story follows humanity's struggle to survive in a harsh environment, showing how ancient people faced hardship without fear and dared to explore, as well as the importance of working together and developing as a community in difficult times. It reflects how human civilization moves forward through constant challen 4Reads6.9Score—14d adds
- 121 The Original Diary 原始日记 Chu Ci, a young man from modern times, has been blacklisted and finds doors shut in his face wherever he looks for work. After drinking himself into a stupor, he accidentally transmigrates to prehistoric times, inhabiting the body of a boy who died while out searching for food. After Chu Ci has been missing for a long time, his tribespeople find him and bring him back to the settlement. Seeing them struggling with hunger and cold, Chu Ci quietly begins to change their lives. Little does he know 275Reads8.4Score—14d adds
- 122 A Kingdom in Another World: Nation-Building 异界国度【基建】 The ratings are just starting, so feel free to dive in. [Female-oriented, male/male romance + primitive society + beast world + Western fantasy + farming and development + progression]. The top and bottom are noted in the synopsis! A phoenix perches on a parasol tree, a dragon tucks away its claws and fangs beneath the shade, and the radiance of the Wheel illuminates every corner of the continent of Napoli. When Zhou Nan first arrived in another world, all he wanted was to stay alive. But ev 219Reads8.5Score13214d adds
- 123 Back in Prehistoric Times, I Gained the Power to Tame Beasts 回到远古,我获得了御兽能力 (Transmigration + Beast Taming + Tribes + Adventure + Survival) Li Mingxuan, a young man living in modern society, transmigrates to a world of primitive civilization. It is home to all kinds of races: terrifyingly powerful ferocious beasts, strange beasts with bizarre abilities, and humans who are half man and half beast... Empirical knowledge versus theology? Gunpowder versus sorcery? Super tribes stand high above all like gods! And we barbarians are slaughtered by foreign races like stray dogs 251Reads6.8Score—14d adds
- 124 Tribe: The Divine Civilization System 部落:神级文明系统 [System + tribe + farming] After accidentally dying while saving someone, he transmigrates to a primitive world. Liu Han discovers that this world is anything but ordinary: it is strange and mysterious beyond measure. Mysterious giant beasts, evil-spirit rituals, ancient ruins... With a band of primitive followers who are infatuated with him, he builds a tribe, puts up city walls, and lays traps... A legendary struggle for supremacy in another world begins. 16Reads6.1Score—14d adds
- 125 Pioneering the Primitive Age 开荒原始时代 The protagonist's soul transmigrates to prehistoric times. Starting from nothing, he builds and expands his community step by step. He isn't a saint, and he has no godlike abilities. He hunts, gathers, farms, conquers neighboring tribes, and leads the prehistoric people forward, one step at a time, toward civilization. 2.8kReads8.3Score19814d adds
- 126 Transmigrating to a Primitive World 穿越原始世界 The story follows an ordinary young man from Northeast China who transmigrates to a primitive world with no pocket dimension, no System, and nothing to wear from the start. Using wilderness survival skills he learned from e-books, he conquers primitive society. He learns to make fire, hunt, craft tools, build shelters, make clothes from animal skins, find a wife, and establish a tribe, struggling all the way from being alone to having a whole community around him. 108Reads—Score—14d adds
- 127 Primitive Rise: Starting by Saving a Matriarchal Tribe 原始崛起:从拯救母系部落开始 [Stone Age + multiple heroines + farming + bloodline awakening + decisive and ruthless + tech-tree progression + conquering the world] Lin Yue, a terminally ill overworked employee, jumps off a building intending to die, but unexpectedly awakens the bloodline of the Ancestral Shaman and transmigrates to the Old Stone Age, where beasts roam everywhere! From the start, he saves the White Deer matriarchal clan, on the brink of extinction, and establishes himself in the name of a divine messenger. H 601Reads—Score—14d adds
- 128 Return to Ancient Times and Lead the Tribes to Unite Huaxia 回到远古带领部落一统华夏 Zhang Wei is an ordinary delivery guy, working hard to make ends meet in the modern world. By accident, he transmigrates to prehistoric times. He has no System to boost him and no golden finger, only the modern knowledge he brought from his previous life. With it, he leads his tribe to a happy life where they have enough food and clothing. They hunt, make pottery, grow crops, raise livestock, smelt iron, manufacture weapons, build an army, and construct cities. Under Zhang Wei's leadership, the 355Reads6.7Score—14d adds
- 129 Building Infrastructure in a Danmei World 在耽美世界搞基建 Emma, a top science student, transmigrates to the beast world with face blindness. Everything looks blurry to her, and Gu Liang is the only person she can see clearly. He builds city walls and develops water conservancy, using rational thinking to establish infrastructure on a savage continent, unaware that he has already become the obsession of Gu Liang, a young fox. Born with starry eyes, Gu Liang can bewitch everyone, yet despises being watched. Only for Emma does he rein in his brilliance. W 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 130 Back to Ancient Times to Build Huaxia 回到远古建华夏 Ji Xuan accidentally returned to ancient times, when humanity still lived by hunting and gathering. Through tireless effort, raising livestock, and a series of conquests and migrations, he led primitive people to establish the Huaxia Dynasty. 455Reads6.8Score—14d adds
- 131 Transmigrate to the Primitive World: Becoming a Tribal Priest 穿越原始之我在部落当祭祀 [Please note! Two male leads! The focus is on building a settlement, with romance as a side plot! If that's not your thing, feel free to move on. Don't read halfway through, realize there are two male leads, and then leave a low rating! Please be kind!!!] Ji Lang loves cycling. One day, while riding his bike, he transmigrates to another world. He ends up in a remote wilderness with no sign of people, where even the birds... well, the birds are absolutely vicious about pooping. He can't get out, 591Reads8.7Score10114d adds
- 132 A Female Urologist Transmigrates to the Primitive Age 男科女医生:穿越原始时代 [Female Urologist + Transmigration + Tribe + A Happy Life] Wu Xiyue, a female urologist, never imagined she would transmigrate to a primitive society. Her arrival was like a ray of light in the darkness, leading the weak and backward Cangcuo tribe toward becoming the most powerful and advanced civilization in history. 38Reads8.3Score—14d adds
- 133 I Just Went on a Trip and Ended Up Chief of the Savages 就是出门旅个游,混成了野人头 [Completely Naked + Wilderness Survival] [No System] [Farming] [Hunting] [Hand-to-Hand Combat] [Tactics] [Battlefield Thrills] One step took him from a tourist attraction into a primitive tribe, and all his clothes mysteriously vanished. He was chased by ferocious beasts, cannibals, and primitive women desperate to find a mate. After enduring countless hardships, he built up the tribe, constructed a fortified settlement, dug up medicinal herbs to restore his depleted body, and united the jungle 9Reads—Score—14d adds
- 134 The Savage Continent: I Keep a Low Profile, Starting With a Small Tribe 蛮荒大陆,从小部落开始苟 [A hungry predator lurks in the bushes ahead. If you don't value your life, try taking a couple of steps forward.] [A vicious giant water monster is waiting hungrily on the riverbed. You don't want to become its afternoon snack, do you?] This is a prehistoric continent filled with ferocious beasts, water monsters, and exotic plants. Lu Yan has crossed through time and space. With the prompts before him, can he lead his tribe to glory? 833Reads8.9Score—14d adds
- 135 Transmigrating to Develop a Primitive Society 穿越原始社会搞发展 Ye Bin transmigrates into a primitive society. Starting with a tribe of just over a dozen people, he slowly leads them to greatness. With no System but knowledge far ahead of its time, he hunts, farms, wages war, builds a city, and trains his own army, taking his entire tribe straight to new heights! 7.9kReads8.4Score69214d adds
- 136 Mountain and Sea Human Emperor: With the Mountain and Sea Pearl from the Start, I Rule the Great Wilderness 山海人皇:开局山海珠,统御大荒 P.S. Chen Hao gets hit by a car and ends up serving as a speed bump. His soul transmigrates to the vast world of the Classic of Mountains and Seas, a place that exists only in myths and legends. It is a world where people can cultivate, a primordial wilderness, and a place where no one is safe from day to day and the strong prey on the weak. The one piece of good news is the golden finger in his mind: the innate spiritual treasure, the Mountain and Sea Pearl. It contains its own spatial fields a 12Reads—Score—14d adds
- 137 Farming in Ancient Times: Transmigrated into a Prehistoric Priestess 远古种田:穿越成蛮荒祭祀了 Wang Xi accidentally transmigrates to ancient times. Wait, what are they doing? Σ( ° △ ° They're going to burn her alive? No, please, sob... Uh... So it was a misunderstanding. Fine, but how did she somehow become the tribe's priestess? Well, since she's the priestess now, she'll do her duty! Clearing land and farming, raising livestock, building houses, and working hard to develop weapons that can protect the tribe. Everything is going perfectly! But the chieftain has had his eye on Wang Xi for 50Reads8.3Score—14d adds
- 138 What's It Like to Survive on a Train with Three Lovely Ladies? 和三个小姐姐列车求生是什么体验 When Jiang Chen woke up, he found himself sharing a train carriage with three very different young women. Thus began a thrilling and dangerous journey of survival aboard the train. In a gloomy graveyard, Jiang Chen dug up a grave and got a beginner's gift pack, which contained a bewitchingly beautiful ghost girl. At a deadly amusement park, he matched wits with a terrifying clown. In a floating city, he went on a massive treasure-hunting spree. A special passenger boarded the train, begging to b 2kReads6.3Score19114d adds
- 139 Totems of the Wilds 莽荒图腾 A mountain props up the backbone of heaven and earth. A single character suppresses the gods and Buddhas of all creation. One law opens the heavens and creates the world. At the dawn of the primordial age, when heaven and earth first took shape, there was no distinction between the Three Realms and Six Paths. Hundreds of races stood side by side, geniuses were as common as dogs, and savage beasts ran rampant across the world. It was a brutal era where bloodlines determined one's origins and stre 473Reads5.3Score—14d adds
- 140 Primitive Tribe from the Start: The Rise of a Chieftain in the Classic of Mountains and Seas 开局原始部落:山海经之酋长崛起 Lie Yang is reborn in the Great Wilderness, where he farms, tames beasts, develops his tribe, and fights battles far and wide. He rides black bears, tramples saber-toothed tigers, and battles dinosaurs. He searches for a place to call home among forests, grasslands, snowy plains, and plateaus. (There is witchcraft, but individual combat abilities aren't very strong; not abandoned midway; no harem, with two female leads) 117Reads6.2Score—14d adds
- 141 A Leisurely Life in Ancient Times 悠闲的远古生活 On the first morning of Su Yu’s camping trip, a primitive man carried her off. Su Yu was stunned. This was a primitive society where food, clothing, shelter, and transportation were all problems! How was a girl who couldn’t lift a thing or do any hard labor supposed to survive? Luckily, an incredibly capable primitive man took her in and treated her like his little wife. Su Yu decided to go along with it… Among millions of people, you meet the one you are destined to meet; across millions of yea 236Reads7.0Score—14d adds
- 142 My Stone Age With a Tokyo Girl 我与东京少女的石器时代 Lin Fan, who travels back and forth between the primitive world and the modern era, spends two years helping the primitive people develop. He then rescues a young woman who has just transmigrated from a tribe of cannibals: Uesugi Youying, a noble heiress from Tokyo. “As a matter of course,” she becomes his servant. Whenever she returns to the modern world, Uesugi Youying frantically searches all across China for Lin Fan. Uesugi Youying: “When I find that guy, I'll bury him in money!” 166Reads6.3Score—14d adds
- 143 Warlord of the Primitive Age 我在原始时代当霸主 After transmigrating to the primordial era, Lin Han was a little panicked. Luckily, he had the Invincible Overlord System, and began his life as a ruler of the primordial era. Craving something different to eat? Barbecued Tyrannosaurus, steamed Triceratops, deep-fried Velociraptors. No need to settle! Want a flashy, awesome mount? Four mammoths lead the way, and four more bring up the rear. Absolutely badass! Want to overthrow my rule? Sorry, I’ve got more people, more money, and way more streng 340Reads7.6Score—14d adds
- 144 A Chronicle of Life in a Primitive Tribe 原始部落生活记 [Farming + Wild Ideas + Wish Fulfillment + Primitive Daily Life + Romance + Food + Infrastructure Building] A goofy, hilarious woman transmigrates for no apparent reason and wakes up as a primitive human who eats raw meat and drinks blood. She’s already close to tears, and the worst part is that she’s all alone in this miserable primitive forest, with no tribe and no companions. She has no choice but to rely on her own abilities to survive. Unfortunately, our heroine is carefree to a fault and d 31Reads—Score—14d adds
- 145 A Shocking Secret from Ancient Times 远古的惊天秘闻 In ancient times, the expansion of the universe carried Mars farther from the Sun, lowering its temperature until the planet could no longer support life. The Martians were a water-based civilization, ruled by races with human torsos and snake tails or fish tails. They set their sights on Earth as a new home because it had water and primitive life. They worked toward this plan for millions of years, until they completed a colossal interstellar vessel filled with water and began their migration. 4Reads—Score—14d adds
- 146 Wilderness Survival: My Home in the Forest 荒野求生之我在森林里有个家 The company goes on a team-building hike, but a sudden storm brings fierce winds, lightning, and rolling flash floods. Zhang Yueyi, who should have died, is lucky enough to be stranded deep in the mountains for good. From then on, she lives among the animals and keeps company with the birds, flowers, and insects. Can someone tell me how to get enough to eat? I’m starving to the point of passing out!! 671Reads8.2Score—14d adds
- 147 The Village Girl from the Mountains Only Wants to Rule the World 山沟沟里的女娃只想谋天下 “A woman can stand beneath heaven and earth. Why should she be content to trail behind others?” A little girl transmigrates to the early Warring States period. To make her life better, she has only one choice: conquer the world, unite all the tribes, build a new society, and drive technology forward at a rapid pace. 11Reads—Score114d adds
- 148 Prehistoric Civilization: The Great Han Tribe 史前文明之大汉部落 (The rating just came out, so it will gradually rise.) Saber-toothed tigers, mammoths, giant prehistoric pigs, prehistoric elk... Jiang Xiaobai was stunned. He'd only fallen into a cave, so what happened to the world while he was asleep? Was this the prehistoric age or a world of ruins? He would have to explore it step by step. First, after joining a tribe, he had to figure out how to solve its food and security problems, then gradually make it stronger! Dear readers, come on in and check out my 1.8kReads7.1Score12114d adds
- 149 Back to the Primitive Age to Become a Chieftain 回到原始社会做酋长 After arriving in a primitive society full of prehistoric beasts, he finds snakes and pythons everywhere, vicious beasts roaming the hills, birds of prey ruling the skies, and amphibians dominating the waters. Humanity is at the very bottom of the food chain, and tribes even treat one another as food. Here, everything is about survival. But do you think Ji Ze will lead the primitive people to the top of the food chain and rule this primitive society? Ji Ze: “Give me a break. I’d rather spend tha 1.8kReads7.4Score15514d adds
- 150 Primitive Survival: From the Start with a Dog to Becoming Lord of the Beasts 原始求生:开局一只狗到众兽之主 (The rating just came out at 6.1, and it’ll keep rising!) [Primitive] + [Beast Taming] + [Prehistoric Life] + [Animal Training] + [Survival] + [Alternate World] + [Sequences] + [Migration] Civilization did not vanish. It was buried beyond all recognition. After a dream, the human era came to an end. A primeval forest, vast enough to blot out the sky, covered everything. Cities became nameless mounds, and civilization fell silent beneath a thick layer of humus. Saber-toothed tigers stalked throug 311Reads7.2Score10714d adds

















































