Novels like After Ten Years of Cultivation, My Daughter Made Me Wear Mourning Clothes for a Dog
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as After Ten Years of Cultivation, My Daughter Made Me Wear Mourning Clothes for a Dog, best match first.
- 51 Defying Fate, I Return to Before My Wife and Daughter Died 逆世重修，回到妻女死亡前 After cultivating for ten thousand years and becoming an Immortal Emperor, Ling Yi chose to defy fate and return to the world. In this life, the King of Hell says my daughter must die before midnight, but I will keep her alive for eternity! In this life, I alone will stand above every powerful family in the world! In this life, I will make the heavens tremble before me! 33.5kReads8.3Score4.3k14d adds
- 52 Reborn to a Bright Future 重生后前程似锦 A Bright Future After Being Reborn 43Reads—Score—14d adds
- 53 So, I'm Already Invincible Under Heaven 原来，我已经天下无敌 The short drama adaptation, Sorry, I'm a Cultivator, is now available. Search for it on Tomato Novel. Master: “I sent you down the mountain to temper your heart in the mortal world, but you made a fortune and acquired so many businesses, and you've attracted so many admirers. What will you do when you break through?” Disciple: “I can leave the businesses to my family and donate the money to society.” Master: “But what about all those women who love you?” Disciple: “Many women love me, but I o 134.4kReads8.9Score14.4k14d adds
- 54 Humanity Fakes Ascension, but I’m Live-Streaming My True Immortal Cultivation 全人类假飞升，真修仙的我被直播 The world's major conglomerates funded a livestream show. Months in advance, the production team meticulously recreated the city where Lin Yu lived, then designed the show around the small city to trick him into believing that all of humanity had ascended to immortality. Viewers tuned in to watch a contestant named Lin Yu, eager to see what he would do. When Lin Yu woke up, he activated the cultivation System. The System improved the cultivation manual provided by the production team: the Daoist 451Reads—Score—14d adds
- 55 Divine Emperor Daddy 神帝奶爸 The merciless God Emperor Yun Mo wields the heaven-defying divine artifact, the Mount Yanfu Residence Painting, in the Boundless Realm… One thousand years: Qi Refining, Foundation Establishment, Golden Core, Nascent Soul, Spirit Transformation, Tribulation Crossing, then ascending to the Boundless Spirit Realm. Two thousand years: Void Refinement, Body Integration, Great Ascension, then ascending to the Boundless Immortal Realm. Three thousand years: True Immortal, Golden Immortal, Dao Ancestor, 5.8kReads8.9Score70214d adds
- 56 The Campus Queen’s Powerful Cultivator 校花的修仙强者 After three hundred years of cultivation, I return, having defied the laws of heaven and earth as a Renegade Immortal, all to send those who humiliated me straight to hell!!! 1.1kReads8.6Score10114d adds
- 57 Hunted in the Cultivation World, I Escape Back to Earth with My Senior Sister 修仙界被追杀，带小师姐逃回地球 [Modern cultivation + invincible power fantasy + golden finger] After his sect is wiped out, Lin Feng's soul transmigrates into the cultivation world, where he becomes a Foundation Establishment cultivator. Along with his senior sister Qing Linger, who looks eight but is actually at the mid-stage of Golden Core, he is hunted by a Nascent Soul powerhouse. The two tear through space and escape. Seven years later, they unexpectedly return to Earth. But after his return, Lin Feng has already been de 7.9kReads6.9Score65314d adds
- 58 Peerless Immortal Emperor 绝世仙帝 Three years ago, Yun Qingyan accidentally fell from the mortal world into the Immortal Realm. Three thousand years later, he became the fearsome Immortal Emperor Yun. After tearing open the void and returning to the mortal world, Yun Qingyan discovered that only three years had passed here. “Once, I wasn't strong enough to protect the people I loved. Now, I will make the whole world prostrate itself at my feet.” 13.5kReads8.3Score1.4k14d adds
- 59 The Peerless Immortal Venerable’s Daddy 绝品仙尊奶爸 [An invincible story about a God of War dad cultivating immortality, with a little farming on the side] A once-revered immortal was reborn as a dad. He grows immortal herbs, takes the dog (or wolf) for a walk, and leads his precious daughter to the peak. “Daddy, I want watermelon!” Ye Feng waved his hand, and melons covered the ground. They not only beautified the skin but also granted immortality, making countless wealthy people clamor for them. “Daddy, I want meat!” Ye Feng raised his han 6kReads8.9Score1.1k14d adds
- 60 The First Immortal Returns to the City 都市归来第一仙 After six years of blood and turmoil, he returned as the pinnacle of another world. He had spent sixty thousand years cultivating in that other world, slaying immortals and gods, destroying Buddhas, with a Demon Palace to guard the world and divine weapons to awe the heavens. Even though he was invincible, he could never forget the blood feud of the past. At last, he crossed the cosmos and descended upon the city! The Demon Lord has arrived, his cultivation power shaking the heavens! Those who b 10.3kReads8.3Score91114d adds
- 61 You Want a Male Best Friend? I’ll Make It Happen, So Why Do You Regret It? 爱找男闺蜜？我成全你们又悔什么 [Urban]+ [Power Fantasy]+ [School Beauty]+ [Lighthearted]+ [Face-Slapping]+ [Reborn]+ [Scheming]+ [Emperor Ruyan] Childhood sweethearts can’t compete with someone who appears out of nowhere. Qin Ran finally manages to beat the newcomer, but still loses to the green tea guy who’s his fiancée’s male best friend. On the day of their engagement party, the green tea guy calls, and Qin Ran’s fiancée leaves again. “Qin Ran, Feifei’s sick.” “Qin Ran, Feifei got hit by a car.” “Qin Ran, Feifei cut his wr 2.3kReads7.1Score10014d adds
- 62 I Spoke with the Ancients, and the Secret of My Immortality Was Exposed 对话千古，我长生的秘密被曝光了 My name is Zhang Liang. I’m a fine young man from the 21st century: I love good food, beautiful women, and having fun. I’ve just transmigrated, and now I’m in an ancient age of myth, where evil spirits roam everywhere, countless strange beasts lurk, and mysterious shamans hold sway. But I’m not afraid. I’ve got a video game character template, so I can level up and change classes, and I come with countless resurrection tokens. I can live forever! My name 6.9kReads8.9Score44714d adds
- 63 An Engagement Banquet from the Start, and My Fiancée Abandons Me 开局订婚宴，未婚妻弃我而去 After a night of heavy drinking, orphan Zhao Lin unexpectedly transmigrates into the body of another orphan named Zhao Lin in a parallel world. He discovers that he is at an engagement banquet, and the groom is none other than himself. He has barely had time to feel happy when his fiancée, Liu Ruyan, takes a phone call and announces that the engagement banquet is off and will be held again on another date. Then, ignoring everyone’s pleas, she drives away. A real man lives between heaven and eart 1.7kReads5.5Score10014d adds
- 64 After Three Years in Hiding, I Walked Out of Prison Unrivaled 隐居三年，出狱即无敌 [Passionate action and vengeance + invincible hero + debt-collecting + satisfying power fantasy] Three years ago, Mo Hai’s sect was destroyed. Because of a promise, he crippled his own cultivation and willingly went to prison! Three years later, his sentence was up. With invincible power, Mo Hai made a triumphant return and crushed all opposition! “In this life, I’ll make heaven and earth tremble before me. My rules are the rules!” “What?! You say you’re richer than an entire country?!” Mo Hai l 46.5kReads9.2Score2.9k14d adds
- 65 EN A Hundred Thousand Years of Immortality 长生十万年 A hundred thousand years ago, Su Yi ended the entire age of gods and demons with a single palm strike. Now he’s stepped onto a university campus to experience life as a student in the modern age. Su Yi: “I want to keep a low profile, but my strength just won’t let me. I’ve tried so hard to be an ordinary person!” 12.8kReads8.5Score1.5k14d adds
- 66 Revenge Begins With the Perfect Accident 复仇，从制造完美意外开始 [High-IQ plots involving accidental killings and locked-room murders] [A logical, high-IQ power fantasy] To prevent crime and reduce the likelihood of criminal acts, a brand-new variety show, Simulated Crime, takes the world by storm. The guests enter a space capsule, where their brain waves connect to a fully simulated metaverse. Studying the crimes committed by guests during their revenge plots can provide criminal investigation with valuable experience and improve the efficiency of solving ca 2.1kReads8.9Score24014d adds
- 67 My Daughter Wreaks Havoc in the Immortal Realm, Exposing My Immortal Emperor Identity 女儿大闹修仙界，我仙帝身份曝光 [Invincible Protagonist + Daughter + Empress + Feel-Good] Lu Ming transmigrated to a cultivation world. Unable to cultivate, he married his childhood sweetheart and chose to live an ordinary life. But after his childhood sweetheart gave birth to their daughter, she suddenly claimed to be an Immortal Emperor reincarnated, with too many karmic debts to settle, and left without a trace. After his wife left, Lu Ming never expected his sign-in System to suddenly activate. Thanks to the rewards from s 7.8kReads8.5Score79614d adds
- 68 Urban: I’ve Lived for Ten Thousand Years, and I Can’t Hide It Anymore 都市：长生万年的我瞒不住了 Ye Tian has lived for ten thousand years. He once helped the First Emperor ascend the throne and unite the six kingdoms. He once sat and discussed the Dao with Laozi. He once enlightened the Buddha beneath a bodhi tree. He even traveled across Europe and helped spark the Renaissance. … In modern times, after far too many years and witnessing countless partings and deaths, he decided to return to an ordinary life. He adopted a child and went to live in the countryside. Eighty years passed in the 7.3kReads8.8Score53714d adds
- 69 I Love You, Ice-Cold CEO, Like a Mouse Loves Rice 冰山女总裁我爱你就像老鼠爱大米 I Love You, Ice-Cold CEO, Like a Mouse Loves Rice 48Reads—Score—14d adds
- 70 Transmigrated as an Ancient Chinese Special Forces Soldier with a Sword 穿越之古代「利剑」特种兵 A Special Forces Soldier with a Sword Transmigrates to Ancient Times 28Reads—Score—14d adds
- 71 Does Cultivation Ever End? 修仙有没有尽头 A new story is here! Business prodigy Li Haoran started his own company at eighteen, with his classmate and close friend Mo Xingchen becoming his trusted assistant. In just one year, Haihua Group’s assets reached one hundred million yuan. Just as Li Haoran was about to tell his family... His classmate and trusted assistant joined forces to trick him into going to the outskirts, break all four of his limbs, and throw him off a cliff. By chance, an old Taoist passing through the mountains to gathe 198Reads—Score—14d adds
- 72 I've Turned into a Giant Dragon, and You Want Me to Go to School? 我都变成巨龙了，你让我去上学？ After falling asleep, some people enter another world. When others transmigrated, they awakened talents. Ji Xia, however, turned into a giant dragon. Fail at confessing 99 times to activate the System? Ha! What kind of stupid task is that? The education I received growing up would never let me do something like this! Sorry! I can't bring myself to deceive a woman! System? Cultivation techniques? An old master in a ring? I’ve already become a giant dragon. Why would I need any of that? A few week 12.8kReads8.5Score1.1k14d adds
- 73 After Transmigrating a Hundred Years into the Future, I Raise a Daughter from the Immortal Emperor's Beginnings 穿越百年：从仙帝开始养女儿 [One Heroine + Fantasy + Empress + Dad Life + Invincible + Everyday Life + System] My name is Mo Ran, and I'm an Immortal Emperor. When I first arrived in the myriad worlds, that little System trapped me for over a hundred years. By chance, I met a breathtakingly beautiful empress... And then I had a daughter! My name is Shen Qingqing. I am the reincarnation of an Immortal King from the Upper Realm, reborn into this life. In my previous life, I had no parents and was the saintess of my clan. 7.3kReads8.0Score71514d adds
- 74 China's God of War: The Ultraman Live-In Son-in-Law 华夏战神奥特赘婿 Saga, one of the Mysterious Four Ultras, was badly wounded in a fierce battle with his old nemesis, Zetton. With no other choice, he went to the Land of Light, where he fell in love with a female Ultraman. For love, he married into her family and became an Ultraman son-in-law. But all he got in return was endless humiliation. Three years later, he finally stopped pretending... The Myriad Worlds, fantasy, urban life, romance, Journey to the West, prehistoric chaos, infinite flow, Naruto, fan fict 14Reads8.2Score—14d adds
- 75 EN Battle Through the Heavens: Starting Out as a Supporting Character 开局斗破当配角 I transmigrated into the world of Battle Through the Heavens, and the strongest supporting-character System was bound to me. I awakened the Chaos Flame Body, with Chaos Fire as my companion flame. It could devour the source of other Heavenly Flames and perfectly replicate every flame in the world. After more than half a year of hard cultivation, I still couldn't match the rewards from a single System quest. From then on, Xiao Fan's journey through Battle Through the Heavens took a very different 44.5kReads8.5Score4.5k14d adds
- 76 Five Years of Cultivation, Invincible the Moment I Descend the Mountain 修仙五年，下山就无敌 [Passionate urban action + decisive and ruthless + funny and lighthearted + no do-gooder heroine] “Dear apprentice.” “Your master is begging you, come down from the mountain.” Five years ago, Ye Fan was abducted by his beautiful master and taken to Kunlun Mountain to cultivate immortality. He became the temple's only male disciple. Five years later, Ye Fan, who had vanished and was believed dead, returns in triumph, possessing peerless powers. A hidden dragon plunges into the depths, stirring up 8.6kReads9.1Score79114d adds
- 77 The Fist Beneath the Mountain 山下的拳 Fists Beneath the Mountain 16Reads—Score314d adds
- 78 My Little Sister Exposed My Everyday Life as a Cultivator 我的修仙日常被妹妹曝光了 [Modern Cultivation, Modern Cultivation, Modern Cultivation, Insanely Satisfying, Number One on the Entire Internet] An unconventional modern cultivation novel, focused on everyday life. Extremely satisfying, without making the protagonist an idiot. The supporting characters have brains, and the heroine isn’t a self-sacrificing saint. The protagonist gets little screen time early on, mostly appearing in other people’s stories to show off. (Everyday Cultivation: My Peerless Power Has Been Expos 11kReads8.8Score73214d adds
- 79 The Immortal Emperor's Retirement Life 仙帝的退休生活 Invincible, reborn, no secrets from the family + overpowered hero + one heroine + sweet romance + goofy humor + laid-back daily life The eldest grandson of the Liu family of the old capital was persecuted... No, that’s not right. Let’s start over! As an idle Immortal Emperor, I just want to retire, feed the birds, walk the dog, and spend time with my wife and kid. A thousand-year-old ghost? My brother-in-law is a city inspector in the underworld. Look into it. A hidden sect? My great-grandfather 17.8kReads9.1Score99314d adds
- 80 The Beggar God Emerges 丐神出世 The Beggar God Emerges 82Reads—Score—14d adds
- 81 I Livestream Scaring the Whole World 我直播恐吓全世界 [Power fantasy + livestream + behind-the-scenes mastermind + bizarre thrills + no heroine] Yuan Hao unexpectedly obtained the “Global Fear Livestream System” and gained unbelievable powers, unleashing an eerie livestream that couldn't be shut down across the entire world... Every livestream was a judgment on evil, and the punishments came in all sorts of bizarre forms... Unknown technology, magic and sorcery, survival games, superpowers, monster creation, the opening of new dimensions, disaster- 280Reads8.9Score14414d adds
- 82 The War Dragon Command 战龙令 The live-action short drama This Kid Is Invincible is now streaming. A prison holds the world's strongest fighters. Any one of its inmates could shake an entire region if set loose. And within the prison is a man like a god, whose every command all the inmates obey. Then one day, the man walks out of prison, and the whole world begins to tremble. 39.5kReads9.1Score3.3k14d adds
- 83 EN I've Already Ascended, Yet You're Telling Me to Take the College Entrance Exam? 我都飞升了，你叫我去高考？ Ning Wangshu transmigrates to the cultivation world and spends nearly ten thousand years becoming the greatest cultivator in the immortal path, before finally ascending to immortality. But after ascending, he discovers that he hasn't entered the Immortal Realm at all. He's returned to Earth, where only a little over three months have passed, and the college entrance exams are just around the corner... And so, this year's graduating class gains an invincible immortal who has ascended to the highe 59.5kReads8.3Score7k14d adds
- 84 On the Eve of Our Engagement, She Went to KTV with Her White-Moonlight Love 订婚前夕她跟白月光去了KTV At the engagement ceremony. Ye Qingyu, drunk, took the microphone and openly confessed her feelings for the man she had always loved, right in front of all the guests. Everyone turned to look at Jiang Cheng, the groom-to-be. They all wanted to see him make a fool of himself. But Jiang Cheng started clapping. “Charging ahead for love takes courage. I respect it! You two should just make it official!!” … 13kReads6.7Score61214d adds
- 85 I Pick Through Trash, Yet I'm the Immortal Sect's Live-In Son-in-Law 捡垃圾的我，竟是仙门赘婿 On my first visit to her home, my future mother-in-law threw ten million at me to make me give up. How do I show her just how formidable I am? Also known as: The Immortal Was Once a Demon and I Can’t Fight, But I’m an Immortal 70.8kReads9.0Score7.6k14d adds
- 86 Ancestor, If You Don't Come Down the Mountain Soon, Your Bloodline Ends Here 老祖，再不下山，你就绝后了 Daoist priest Chen Yang was Zhang Sanfeng’s direct disciple in the late Southern Song dynasty. He has lived for 800 years, growing more powerful once every century. He can’t die even when he wants to, and life has lost all its pleasures. He can only retreat into a remote mountain temple and put himself into a deep, self-imposed sleep. One day, his disciple Chen Qingzhi kneels and begs his master, Chen Yang, to come down from the mountain… Also known as The Patriarch, If You Don’t Come Down Soo 25.9kReads8.2Score1.9k14d adds
- 87 I Saved the Whole Village, but Couldn’t Protect My Brother 我救了全村，却没有保护好兄弟 I Saved the Whole Village, but Failed to Protect My Brother 105Reads—Score114d adds
- 88 Godslayer Hall 诛神殿⠀ [A completed masterpiece, no waiting required. The protagonist is decisive and ruthless, with no dragging things out, filler, or frustration. The satisfaction never lets up.] Seven years ago, his entire family was wiped out overnight. Seven years later, on the day he was crowned king, he insisted on returning, all for the sake of revenge. I, Ye Bei, can kill even the gods. Those who killed my parents and humiliated my wife and daughter: I will wipe out your entire clan! 53.7kReads9.3Score5.2k14d adds
- 89 Urban Cultivation: I've Been Dug Up Again 都市修仙：我又被挖出来了 [Short drama, comic drama, and live-action audio versions are all available. Enjoy!] [Urban + Invincible + Immortal Longevity + No Hiding His Power + Big Shot] A rogue cultivator from the cultivation world happens upon the Heaven-Deceiving Secret Manual. Once his cultivation reaches a profound level, the Heavenly Dao can no longer sense him, so it stops sending down tribulation lightning. Though his power reaches the heavens, he is stuck at the 9,999th level of Foundation Establishment. After te 13.1kReads8.7Score1.1k14d adds
- 90 After Becoming an Immortal Emperor, I Returned with Unrivaled Power 我成仙帝后，带着无上修为回来了 [Modern cultivation + invincible power fantasy + decisive and ruthless + no hiding one’s identity] Chuzhou, Jiangnan. A celestial phenomenon shattered the city’s peace, rousing its powerful residents. A figure in white stepped out of thin air. “Listen well, all of you. From today onward, I will rule this place.” And so, that day, Chuzhou City gained a new master. Myths descended, and an age of chaos followed. As the only Immortal Emperor in the world, Li Xuan declared, “I’m invincible. Do whatev 31.3kReads8.9Score2.6k14d adds
- 91 High Battle Clouds: Heroes Languish in Solitude 阵云高：英雄寂寞 Genius protagonist, no System, ruthless and decisive. Li Chengfeng, a genius formation master, uses formations to cultivate all kinds of mutated spirit insects. At last, he achieves a first-grade Golden Core. Just as everything seems to be going his way, he encounters a genius of the Ghost Clan. After a fierce battle, the Ghost Clan Golden Core cultivator dies, while Li Chengfeng, gravely wounded, is swept into a spatial black hole. A new legend is about to begin. 1.2kReads—Score14914d adds
- 92 Livestream: I Said I’d Never Killed Anyone, and the Lie Detector Went Off 直播：我说没杀过人，测谎仪响了 A new interview show took the country by storm. The host randomly picked people on the street and asked them questions. Answer, and you could win cash! That day, the host came across Jiang Feng. With a teasing smile, the host asked, “Jiang Feng, have you ever killed anyone?” Jiang Feng smiled faintly and said, “Life is precious. We should all cherish it.” After leaving him with those words, Jiang Feng walked away. But the moment he was out of sight, the lie detector in the host's hands let out a 32.6kReads8.4Score3.2k14d adds
- 93 Urban Super Playboy 都市超级纨绔 [Highly recommended by a bestselling author, a hit across the web] [Exhilarating and hilarious, the ultimate stress relief] An Immortal Emperor returns to find himself a spoiled young heir who cares only about eating, drinking, and having fun. His father hopes he’ll make something of himself, his fiancée has completely lost faith in him, and scheming villains keep stirring up trouble... All right, all right. Starting today, I, Su Yang, am turning my life around. I swear I’ll shatter everyone’s i 61.7kReads8.3Score5.8k14d adds
- 94 Reborn in the City as an Immortal Emperor 都市之仙帝重生 The Nine Dust Immortal Emperor, Qin Feng, was ambushed by the Misty Immortal Maiden, the woman he loved. By chance, he was reborn into his youth on Earth, a thousand years in the past. The guiding principle of my life, Qin Jiuchen, is this: my benefactors will receive a hundredfold repayment, and my enemies will suffer for three lifetimes. Having lived again, all I want is to repay kindness and settle grudges as I please, while making up for all the regrets of my previous life... 48.7kReads9.0Score4.8k14d adds
- 95 Rule Horror: You Want Me, Zhang San, to Follow the Rules? 规则怪谈：要求我张三遵守规则？ [Horror + eerie + hilarious + satisfying + national fortune = a serious novel] The Supreme Rules descend, selecting multiple people at random from each country to become Ascenders and take part in the Ascension Exam! Those who perform well earn high scores and even extra rewards. They can improve their own abilities and bring unexpected ascension to their country. But fail the exam, and death may be waiting for you, along with endless torment. Even your country may be beset by supernatural event 6.7kReads9.0Score81914d adds
- 96 My Brother Ran Away from His Wedding to See His First Love, So This Fatty Took His Place 兄弟逃婚见初恋，胖子我接盘了 Tian Bohao, a three-hundred-jin man, looked at his bride, Xiao Yingxue, who stood before him with tears in her eyes and not a word to say. Ring, ring! Wasn't that a phone call? It had to be the newlyweds having a spat and calling me for help. He answered and deliberately turned on the speaker. “Elephant?” Cao Xiang's voice came through the phone, frantic but deliberately hushed, begging for help: “Haizi! Haizi! I've landed in serious trouble this time. It's an emergency, and you've got to 11.6kReads6.1Score43014d adds
- 97 Back on Earth as a Con Artist 回到地球当神棍 He vanished for eight years. No one imagined he'd transmigrated to another world and cultivated for eight thousand years! He eloped with a rich heiress. No one imagined that, while taking her away, he'd also wiped out her rotten fiancé. He's looking for his younger sister. No one imagined that, while searching for her, he'd also taken down every major power on Earth. He can make pills and fight. If anyone dares to provoke him... 14.1kReads8.9Score1.5k14d adds
- 98 Shocking! The Ugly Bride Becomes a Stunning Empress on Her Wedding Night 震惊！洞房夜丑妻变绝美女帝 The ugly daughter of the Liu family was seeking a husband by tossing a ball of embroidered silk, but no one dared catch it because she was so ugly. Wang Teng had just transmigrated and was so hungry he could barely see straight when the ball suddenly fell from the sky and smacked him right on the head! Ding~ [One: Catch the ball and receive a fairy chicken drumstick] [Two: Throw the ball away and receive the Sunflower Manual] Was there even a choice? Of course he'd choose... Everyone laughed tha 34kReads9.2Score2.3k14d adds
- 99 After Eight Years of War, the Dragon King Returns 征战八年龙王回归 The battlefield is cruel, but it is a soldier’s duty to defend home and country. The Dragon King returns to protect his family, his friends, and his homeland... Because of what happened eight years ago, the Dragon King now has a child of his own... 471Reads—Score—14d adds
- 100 The Village Divine Farmer 乡村神农 Also known as: After Returning to the Village, I Have the Time of My Life Every Night Chen Ping, a medical student, is terminally ill. With his illness reaching its final stage, he returns to his village to recuperate. But on his very first night back, a shadow sneaks into his home... 48kReads9.2Score6.2k14d adds
