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Etiquette is both an object and a perspective; it is both a scope and a field. In the historical development process of ritual studies, in the writings of ritual scholars, it has presented a variety of academic forms and academic demands of explanation and argumentation. Its connection with various ideological expressions also has different presentations. This can be seen in the case studies and discussions in this book. This book selects some important ritual figures from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Song and Ming dynasties, and examines and discusses them in eight chapters, either collectively or separately. The first chapter is the study of Wang Su, Xiong Ansheng and Huang Kan's "Book of Rites" studies, as well as Kong Yingda's quotations and comments on their theories in the Tang Dynasty, including the evaluation of later scholars, etc., Which becomes the content of the first chapter. Then the era jumped to the Song Dynasty, that is, the etiquette thoughts of Li Gou, Wang Anshi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, and Zhu Xi became the discussion content of Chapters 2 to 5 respectively. Among them, the political ideals, reform practices, and metaphysical theoretical constructions carried by etiquette, as well as the reconstruction of the etiquette text system and the emphasis on family rituals, can be said to be the embodiment of the academic and profound thinking of the representatives of etiquette in the two Song Dynasties. Wu Cheng, Fang Xiaoru, and Huang Daozhou are representatives of etiquette writings and ideological expressions in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Their writings and academic thoughts are expressed in different forms. The last three chapters of this book select their distinctive etiquette chapters for investigation and analysis to present their different styles of etiquette thought.

Shang Yang, Empress Dowager Xuan, Gan Luo, Bai Qi, Zheng Guo, Lu Buwei, Qin Shihuang, Li Si, Wushi Luo, Ba Zhuqing, Zhao Tuo, Shangshan Sihao, etc. All played important historical roles on the stage of Qin history. "Manuscript on Figures in Qin History" is based on the author's research on the above figures in Qin history. Through the analysis of these historical figures who have influenced the process of Qin history, it deepens the understanding of Qin history and Qin culture. Understanding the positions, thoughts, expressions and historical impacts of these characters can provide valuable new discoveries for examining Qin history from multiple perspectives. The style of Qin culture can also be explained more specifically and vividly.

This is a historical work that deeply explores the life of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty. From Zhao Kuangyin's early experience, military talents, political wisdom to his final mysterious death, the multi-faceted nature of this historical figure is comprehensively and truly demonstrated. By sorting out Zhao Kuangyin's life, readers can have a deeper understanding of the background of the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin's personal charm and his important role in Chinese history.

This issue contains a total of 6 articles, including 4 Chinese documents and 2 translated manuscripts. "Selected Historical Materials Concerning the Sino-Japanese War of 1899-1899" written by Enze Cunzhao contains letters sent by Changshun, Anding, Yiketang'a, and Liu Kunyi during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 by Enze Cunzha, who were former generals of Heilongjiang. The content is mostly related to military affairs, especially the response strategies of all parties, and has important historical value. "Gu Zhaoxin's Family Letters" contains 19 family letters from Gu Zhaoxin, who served as the General Office of the Prime Minister's Office Zhang Jing, covering the negotiations at Jiaozhou Bay, the obstruction of Zhang Zhidong's entry into the hub in the year 1898, Weng Tonghe's vacancy, the "Sixth Letter" of the General Administration's proposal to rehabilitate Kang Youwei, Zhang Yinhuan's dismissal after the coup, and Emperor Guangxu's edict to seek medical treatment. "Selected Translations of the Archives of Sino-Soviet Relations (1924-1932)" is selected from the Russian Archives and a collection of documents published by Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The content mainly covers the Soviet attitude towards the Middle East Railway, Sino-Soviet relations after the September 18th Incident, and Xinjiang issues. It is of great reference value for understanding Sino-Soviet relations during this period. "Zhang Tailei's Speech at the Fourth Congress of the Youth Communist International" comes from the Russian State Social and Political Historical Archives. It is a record of Zhang Tailei's speech at the Youth Communist International Congress in 1924. This issue will continue to publish "Letter from Xiliang" and "Memories of June 2nd".

This issue contains a total of 6 articles, including 4 Chinese documents and 2 translated manuscripts. "Selected Historical Materials Concerning the Sino-Japanese War of 1899-1899" written by Enze Cunzhao contains letters sent by Changshun, Anding, Yiketang'a, and Liu Kunyi during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 by Enze Cunzha, who were former generals of Heilongjiang. The content is mostly related to military affairs, especially the response strategies of all parties, and has important historical value. "Gu Zhaoxin's Family Letters" contains 19 family letters from Gu Zhaoxin, who served as the General Office of the Prime Minister's Office Zhang Jing, covering the negotiations at Jiaozhou Bay, the obstruction of Zhang Zhidong's entry into the hub in the year 1898, Weng Tonghe's vacancy, the "Sixth Letter" of the General Administration's proposal to rehabilitate Kang Youwei, Zhang Yinhuan's dismissal after the coup, and Emperor Guangxu's edict to seek medical treatment. "Selected Translations of the Archives of Sino-Soviet Relations (1924-1932)" is selected from the Russian Archives and a collection of documents published by Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The content mainly covers the Soviet attitude towards the Middle East Railway, Sino-Soviet relations after the September 18th Incident, and Xinjiang issues. It is of great reference value for understanding Sino-Soviet relations during this period. "Zhang Tailei's Speech at the Fourth Congress of the Youth Communist International" comes from the Russian State Social and Political Historical Archives. It is a record of Zhang Tailei's speech at the Youth Communist International Congress in 1924. This issue will continue to publish "Letter from Xiliang" and "Memories of June 2nd".

As a part of the world's great trend of constitution-making, the Qing court's constitution-making was deeply influenced by Meiji Japan, and it can be said that "it must be called Japan". Its constitution-making process came to an abrupt halt due to the Revolution of 1911 and suffered setbacks. From the perspective of the Qing government, this book closely follows the relationship between the Qing court's constitution-making and Meiji Japan, details the entire process of China's first constitution-making, summarizes its experience, and evaluates its gains and losses.

The "Three Groups" refer to the Hunan Group founded by Zeng Guofan, the Huai Group headed by Li Hongzhang, and the most recent Yuan Shikai Beiyang Group. On the basis of clarifying the status of their respective groups, this book pays special attention to examining the relationships and trends among them, revealing the complex situation of their "multilateral interactions". This means that it is necessary to carry out targeted integrated research, comparative research, dynamic research, and research on the impact of the "internal and external importance" of the power structure of the Qing Dynasty, break the limitations of the perspective of focusing on each of them in isolation, broaden the scope of investigation, enhance the height of conception, and effectively highlight its overall evolutionary characteristics. This can be said to be the basic point of the significance and academic value of this research.

This book mainly brings together the author's research and thinking in the past ten years, with a total of 7 papers, 8 academic history articles, and 13 academic book reviews. Generally speaking, these articles focus on late medieval history, that is, the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. The topics covered range from the ethnic trends in the north to the middle and lower classes in the south, from the various ideological trends in the late Tang Dynasty to the political systems of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, from the academic history of the Five Dynasties in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, to the history of children, psychological history and other academic reflections in the feudal era. For the author, writing papers and book reviews is a learning process in itself. After writing, the work presented will always be unsatisfactory, so it will always need everyone's criticism and correction!

Qin was an important turning point in the history of unifying China, and the subsequent historical evolution had a profound impact on Chinese society. As a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation's major project "Re-Study of Qin Unification and Its Historical Significance", this book contains 34 academic papers on the process and significance of Qin Unification. All discussions are based on the academic frontier, using the latest unearthed literature and materials to explore academic hot and difficult issues. The paper discusses the political structure, economic process, cultural trend, and social landscape of the Qin unification era, and puts forward some new insights. Several academic gains may advance the study of Qin history and help deepen the understanding of the historical significance of Qin's unification.

This book is selected based on more than 90 papers submitted at the 14th China Liao-Jin Khitan Jurchen History Academic Symposium and the first China Suibin Symposium on the Origin of the Wanyan Family in 2018. The whole book is divided into two parts: research on the history of Liao Khitan and research on the history of Jin Jurchen. The content covers Liao and Jin politics, economy, culture, geography, society, ancient ethnic characters and other aspects. It comprehensively reflects the general status and dynamics of Liao and Jin history research, and also represents the current level of Liao and Jin history research.

"Confucius Temple and Imperial College Research Series" is a publication published publicly. This publication contains academic papers on Confucius Temple research, Imperial College research, Confucianism research, ancient education and imperial examination system research, museology research, etc. The "Confucius Temple and Imperial Academy" not only provides an academic and cultural platform for researchers inside and outside the museum, it has increasingly become an important window for the museum to display excellent academic achievements and expand foreign cultural exchanges, and continues to provide intellectual support for various exhibitions and large-scale cultural activities launched by the museum.

Memorial essays are a large collection of ancient Chinese articles and have important research value. This book aims to examine the origin, generation and development of memorials in ancient China, and to clearly define the concept, research scope and stylistic characteristics of the genre. Focusing on the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it conducts a stylistic analysis of memorials and related styles as well as the main categories of memorials. This book believes that memorials are petitions or discussion documents submitted to the monarch by central officials and local governors sent by the central government from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in ancient Chinese society when they exercised their participation in and discussion of political power. Memorials are the product of ancient Chinese bureaucratic political system and ritual and music culture. Its intrinsic attribute is "the status of monarch and minister" and its external characteristic is "imperial nature". Ancient Chinese memorials were conceived in the pre-Qin period and formally came into being in the Qin Dynasty. During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the compilation of memorial collections and the study of memorial style contributed to the formation of the concept of memorial genre. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the study of zouyi style gradually became more and more in-depth. When Yao Nai's "Ancient Wen Ci Lei Tu" was published, the name "zouyi" was finally established. The stylistic analysis part of this book compares memorials with related styles such as imperial edicts, petitions, and lianzhu to examine the stylistic functions and characteristics of memorials. It also analyzes the main titles of memorials such as "Zhang", "Table", "Zou", "Yi", "Shu", "Qi", "Countermeasures" and "Fengshi", etc., And examines its stylistic format, stylistic function, stylistic characteristics and development changes. The innovation of this book is to make a more detailed analysis of the name and reality of the memorials from the perspective of stylistic generation, and to make a more detailed stylistic analysis of the main titles of the memorials.

The former Qin destroyed the former Yan and the latter, and then successively destroyed the former Liang and Dai, and unified the north. In the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin Dynasty was defeated miserably. Murong Chui took the opportunity to leave Fu Jian for an excuse, stayed in Guandong, raised troops to restore the country, and established his capital in Zhongshan, which was known as Later Yan in history. After the Battle of Shenhebei, Murong Chui died of illness, Tuoba Wei marched southward to the Central Plains, and Murong Bao abandoned Zhongshan and retreated to Longcheng. Hou Yan passed through Murong Bao and Murong Sheng in Longcheng, and finally died at the hands of Murong Xi. This book is divided into six parts: general history, classics, biography, textual research, charts, and chronology of major events, trying to give a comprehensive introduction to the history of Later Yan.

This book takes mythology as a research perspective and takes the "Shiji", the source of Chinese official history, as a whole research object to explore why there are a lot of myths in the official history and what Sima Qian's intention was in writing the history book in this way. The writing of "Historical Records" reflects the long-standing mythological narrative context in ancient classics and continues the tradition of witchcraft history in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Western Han Dynasty was at a time when "witchcraft" and "history" were gradually alternating, so it had a rational, rigorous, and systematic historical expression that was recognized by later generations. However, at the same time, the book also left a large number of myths, legends, dreams, spells, divination and other "indecent teachings" about the legacy of witchcraft. The two are not inconsistent with each other. This is the deep reason and cultural background for the use of myths as historical materials in "Historical Records". The Western Han Dynasty coincided with the establishment of a unified empire. Sima Shigong's use of myths not only continued the cultural context, but also had the intention of using it for the present. Therefore, there are two levels of interpretation of mythological narratives in "Historical Records": one is the subconscious level, which is the unconscious inheritance and development of mythological thinking; the other is the ideological level, which is based on the subconscious level, using the deep-rooted influence of mythical thinking on religious culture, academic thought and folk beliefs to organize and transform the myths and legends handed down from previous generations, so as to "set up Shinto teachings" and complete new historical expressions. In this era background and cultural atmosphere, the use of a large number of mythological materials in the official history "Historical Records" appeared.

This book selects and compiles 22 papers that the author has engaged in research on Ming history since 1983. It is divided into three parts: the first part is system and culture, including 11 papers; the second part is archives and documents, including 7 papers; the third part is academic and memory, including 3 reminiscence articles and 1 review article. The research covers a wide range of areas and is rich in content, covering many fields such as Ming Dynasty politics, economy, law, military, finance, culture, religion, society, Sino-foreign relations, archival documents, etc. It is an academic exploration of the overall thinking and detailed narrative of the study of Ming history, the study of the historical development process of the Ming Dynasty, the theoretical discussion of the country and society in the Ming Dynasty, and the excavation, organization and utilization of Ming Dynasty archival documents.

Former Yan was a local government established by Murong Xianbei with the Northeast as its political center. It began in the sixth year of Taikang (285), the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, and ended in the fifth year of Taihe (370), the deposed Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Murong Xian established Qian Yan, Murong Wei claimed to be King of Yan, and Murong Jun proclaimed himself emperor. The country was destroyed during the period of Murong Wei. It lasted for 4 generations and lasted for 85 years. This book organizes the historical events of the former Yan Dynasty into general history, classics, biographies, diagrams, textual research, and chronology of major events, etc., And shows the historical process of the former Yan rulers and their auxiliary political groups who worked hard to make the local government established by Murong Xianbei go from a corner of the northeast to the Central Plains, and became one of the sixteen countries established by the "Five Hus" during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The capital structure from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty was in an important period of change, transformation and finalization of the ancient Chinese capital structure. Mainly based on archaeological survey and excavation data, this book introduces and discusses the planning concepts and layout of formal capitals such as Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin'an Prefecture in the Southern Song Dynasty, Shangjing in the Liao Dynasty, Shangjing in the Jin Dynasty, Zhongdu in the Jin Dynasty, Shangdu in the Yuan Dynasty, Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty, Nanjing City in the Ming Dynasty, and Beijing City in the Ming Dynasty. This book believes that each capital is the materialized form of its planning concept. Therefore, this book presents the specific structure of each capital's layout in a relatively complete manner, making it a platform for comprehensive, in-depth, and connotative research on each capital. On this basis, it analyzes its characteristics and layout art, analyzes the inheritance and evolution relationship between the layouts of various capitals, summarizes the commonalities of the layout of the capitals in this period, and explores the development and change rules of the layout of the capitals in this period.

Yuan Shikai was an important figure in the history of modern China. He had a significant impact on the development and progress of society in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and influenced the process of modern Chinese history. He is worthy of extensive and in-depth study by the academic community. However, the current academic research on Yuan Shikai is still insufficient. It is limited to the research perspectives of political history and revolutionary history, and ignores Yuan Shikai's control and grasp of the economic situation. This book collects the author's more than 20 years of research on Yuan Shikai and Beiyang history, which can provide researchers with a more multi-dimensional perspective to observe Yuan Shikai. The book is divided into seven parts, respectively discussing the theory, methods and research status of Yuan Shikai's research, the study of Yuan Shikai and social changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the study of Yuan Shikai and China's military modernization, the study of Yuan Shikai and China's educational modernization, etc. It conducts a comprehensive and in-depth study of Yuan Shikai. In the current research on Yuan Shikai, he is the leader and unique. This work is based on historical archival documents, with a balanced argument and comprehensive analysis, and represents the current cutting-edge level of Yuan Shikai's research.

The conflict between Manchu and Han was one of the core contents and fundamental features of the political history of the Qing Dynasty. This book is based on the advanced relevant achievements in the academic field. From the overall perspective of the Qing Dynasty, it combines qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, focusing on the upper class of the ruling class, and based on the measurement data of the four central agencies of the Cabinet, the Ministry, the Military Aircraft Department, the General Administration and the local governors. It is the first time to systematically imitate the Jiashen Yishu. In the nearly thirty years since the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the relationship between the Manchu-Han conflict and many political and political changes such as the Sino-Japanese War, the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, the Gengzi Incident, Southeast Mutual Protection, the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, and the Revolution of 1911 has highlighted the complexity, tortuousness, and rich layers of the political history of the late Qing Dynasty, and has made some achievements.

This book is part of the author's study and research on Chinese historical geography and Qin history and culture. The main content is divided into four parts: (1) Research on the history and culture of the Qin State, including 9 papers, which mainly studies the regional development of the Qin State and its cultural spirit, the development of the Qin State's industry and commerce, the Qin State's Eastern Expedition, and the political characteristics of the Qin Zhao Dynasty. (2) Research on "Shui Jing Zhu", including 4 papers and notes, mainly discussing issues such as the writing of "Shui Jing Zhu" and the significance of the temples and regional descriptions contained in "Shui Jing Zhu". (3) Research on historical towns and settlements, including 12 papers, mainly discussing the concept of unifying Wancheng, the Ming Dynasty's capital building, and the urban geography and culture of the Loess Plateau in the Qing Dynasty; (4) Research on other issues in historical geography, including 4 papers and interviews and questions, mainly discussing Yansui Town, Shaanxi Weaving Bureau, Money Making Bureau, and the history of Ming Dynasty The main ideas and practices of Nianhai's historical geography, as well as the basic views on historical military geography and its research: The above parts record the author's study and research on historical geography and Qin history and culture, and reflect the author's basic attitude, path and partial thinking in learning and engaging in related academic research.

Analyze the political game between the Song and Jin Dynasties and restore the officialdom ecology in troubled times. The defeat of Jingkang, which occurred in the late Northern Song Dynasty, was a major tragedy in Chinese history that destroyed the country, destroyed the family, and left the people in dire straits. Based on historical data analysis and scenario restoration, this book reproduces the complete details of the Battle of Taiyuan in the Song and Jin Dynasties, and presents the entire process of the game between the Song and Jin Dynasties and the defeat of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty. The author describes in detail the march route and siege tactics adopted by the Jin Army, the defense strategies of Taiyuan soldiers and civilians, the chaotic political situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, the military laws to be defended from it, and the many military actions of the first-class generals in the Northern Song Dynasty. It not only reproduces the beacon fire weapons on the battlefield, but also provides a thought-provoking and rich historical interpretation of why the Northern Song Dynasty failed.

This book is a historical academic work that specializes in studying the numerous crimes committed by the "Bo" 8604 unit of the Japanese invaders stationed in Guangzhou in various bacterial operations in the southern provinces of China. The content covers a large number of historical facts such as the research on various bacteria and the implementation of various bacterial operations by the "Bo" 8604 unit in the seven years from its establishment to its disbandment. It also covers the academic research on the "Bo" 8604 unit by the Chinese and Japanese academic circles in more than half a century after the Second World War. This book is the first academic work dedicated to studying the criminal norms of bacteriological warfare carried out by the "Bo" 8604 unit. It has serious content, rigorous logic, complete structure, and more substantial and reliable historical materials. Much of the content in the book is the first disclosure of new crimes committed by the "Bo" 8604 unit in carrying out bacteriological warfare. It is of indispensable academic significance for studying the bacteriological warfare carried out by the Japanese invaders in the southern provinces of China.

This book conducts a systematic study of the early history of the Qin people from Dongyi, especially since they migrated westward to Yong, the capital of Degong. Using new historical documents and archaeological materials and multidisciplinary methods, we will focus on the origin and clan origin of Ying Qin, the exploration of the deeds of the founder of Ying Qin and the feudal state with the surname Ying, the five westward migrations and Ying Qin's settlement in Xicui, Zhongyi's return to Zhou and the rise of the Qin people, Feizi's enfeoffment to Qin and the founding of the Xianggong, Wen Gong's entry into the Pass and the rise of the Qin people, and other historical mysteries and major issues. Multi-directional excavation, multi-angle analysis and multi-level exploration have sorted out the development clues of the Qin people from the Dongyi tribe to the Ying surname feudal state and then to the formation and rise of the Qin people to found the country. It has revealed the tortuous, arduous and magnificent rise trajectory and evolution process of the Qin people, and initially constructed the time and space coordinates and logical framework of the early historical development of the Qin people.

The rise of the Taiping Army was rooted in the corruption of officials in the Qing government, who forced the people to rebel. But not long ago, civil unrest also broke out in the areas ruled by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. This phenomenon has profound implications. Previous studies on the Taiping Rebellion focused more on the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty and less (or not at all) on the people's resistance to the Taiping Rebellion, which raises the intriguing question of "resisting the rebels." For even a "revolutionary" regime, to maintain long-term peace and stability, the direction and direction of the people's hearts and minds are also top-level issues. Through the study and judgment of more than 170 typical cases, this book gives a panoramic view of the interaction and influence between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime and the people. Based on specialized research on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's political history and military history, it constructs an important aspect of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's social history (the history of popular resistance) and objectively summarizes the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's historical experience and historical lessons.

Yunnan bacteriological warfare was carried out under the unified command of the Japanese base camp, with Unit 9420 of the Japanese Southern Army Bacteriological Warfare Unit as the main force, supplemented by other bacteriological warfare units. To study bacterial warfare in Yunnan, we must first explore the history of Unit 9420 of the Japanese invaders. The bacteriological warfare carried out by the Japanese invaders in Yunnan included attacks on humans and animals. The attacks on humans were mainly two forms of warfare: cholera bacteriological warfare and plague bacteriological warfare. This is the foothold and focus of this study. This book is the latest, most systematic and detailed study of the Japanese invasion of China Unit 9420 and the germ warfare in Yunnan so far in China. The author firmly believes that the relevant files on germ warfare disclosed by Japan in the future will prove the value of this research. Not only that, the author also hopes that this work can give new research connotation to the bacterial warfare of the Japanese invaders in Yunnan, and in this way promote the research of the 9420th Unit of the Japanese invaders and the bacterial warfare in Yunnan at home and abroad.

Starting from the mentality, based on collected works and historical materials, and combining individuals, times, society, and culture, it is the focus and rationale of the author's research to explore the interactions, activities, thoughts, and creative achievements of scholars. The first part of the manuscript is about the study of scholar associations during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the second part is about the study of the mentality and ideological culture of ancient scholars.

Did the Yuan Dynasty die from inflation? From the rise of Genghis Khan to the decline and fall of the Yuan Dynasty, this is a history of the rise and decline of the Yuan Dynasty with finance as the line. A new work by the well-known historical writer Guo Jianlong! This book begins with the financial impact of Genghis Khan's Western expeditions. Genghis Khan adopted various measures such as the military plunder system, the Darucha Chi system, and the surrender system. He used the commercial spirit to establish a larger global political power and laid important economic, cultural, and political foundations for the Yuan Dynasty, the most commercial dynasty in ancient Chinese history. During the Kublai Khan period, serious financial risks and institutional malpractices arose due to the massive conquests. Subsequent emperors rotated like a revolving lantern, paving the way for the outcome of the Yuan Dynasty. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty were hesitant between the Mongolian and Han cultures, and the financial and political imbalance between the north and the south made the Yuan Dynasty's life hang on a thread. Open this book to unearth the mystery of the short life of the Yuan Dynasty from multiple dimensions and get a glimpse of the financial undercurrent of the historical evolution of ancient China.

This series of books records the history from myths and legends: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou - to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It uses a combination of hand-painted style and historical pictures, and selects nearly a thousand color pictures and photos of precious cultural relics. After rigorous research, it uses realistic techniques to express historical events and character costumes, allowing children to be immersed in the scenes, conveying correct historical knowledge, and enriching children's aesthetic experience. This book uses experience and language that children can understand to describe the people, events, times, places, and things that have had a profound impact on Chinese history. It makes the originally abstract and difficult concepts or complex backgrounds lively and interesting, and establishes a clear concept of China's official history for children.

This series of books records the history from myths and legends: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou - to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It uses a combination of hand-painted style and historical pictures, and selects nearly a thousand color pictures and photos of precious cultural relics. After rigorous research, it uses realistic techniques to express historical events and character costumes, allowing children to be immersed in the scenes, conveying correct historical knowledge, and enriching children's aesthetic experience. This book uses experience and language that children can understand to describe the people, events, times, places, and things that have had a profound impact on Chinese history. It makes the originally abstract and difficult concepts or complex backgrounds lively and interesting, and establishes a clear concept of China's official history for children.

This series of books records the history from myths and legends: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou - to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It uses a combination of hand-painted style and historical pictures, and selects nearly a thousand color pictures and photos of precious cultural relics. After rigorous research, it uses realistic techniques to express historical events and character costumes, allowing children to be immersed in the scenes, conveying correct historical knowledge, and enriching children's aesthetic experience. This book uses experience and language that children can understand to describe the people, events, times, places, and things that have had a profound impact on Chinese history. It makes the originally abstract and difficult concepts or complex backgrounds lively and interesting, and establishes a clear concept of China's official history for children.

This series of books records the history from myths and legends: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou - to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It uses a combination of hand-painted style and historical pictures, and selects nearly a thousand color pictures and photos of precious cultural relics. After rigorous research, it uses realistic techniques to express historical events and character costumes, allowing children to be immersed in the scenes, conveying correct historical knowledge, and enriching children's aesthetic experience. This book uses experience and language that children can understand to describe the people, events, times, places, and things that have had a profound impact on Chinese history. It makes the originally abstract and difficult concepts or complex backgrounds lively and interesting, and establishes a clear concept of China's official history for children.

This series of books records the history from myths and legends: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou - to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It uses a combination of hand-painted style and historical pictures, and selects nearly a thousand color pictures and photos of precious cultural relics. After rigorous research, it uses realistic techniques to express historical events and character costumes, allowing children to be immersed in the scenes, conveying correct historical knowledge, and enriching children's aesthetic experience. This book uses experience and language that children can understand to describe the people, events, times, places, and things that have had a profound impact on Chinese history. It makes the originally abstract and difficult concepts or complex backgrounds lively and interesting, and establishes a clear concept of China's official history for children.

77 days before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang launched a northern expedition to the remaining forces of the Yuan Dynasty, and Prince Zhu Biao stayed in Yingtianfu, Nanjing, the capital. Little did they know that in Nanjing at this time, undercurrents were surging. With the severe drought as the background and the arrest of Li Shanchang's nephew Li Bin for corruption as the trigger, a secret war began surrounding Zhu Yuanzhang, Li Shanchang, Hu Weiyong, and Liu Bowen. Various parties launched an arduous and complicated wrestling on this matter. When three major problems such as driving away the barbarians, eliminating natural disasters, and clearing up the rule of law suddenly hit them, the four people each showed their uprightness, strategy, and ferocity. A small incident suddenly became the biggest case in the early days of the Ming Dynasty. Who is confusing everything? What secrets are hidden behind this corruption case? Why did Liu Bowen resign and go home 11 days after the case ended? Did Hu Weiyong and Li Shanchang really die because of the "Hu Weiyong Case"? All the secrets are within these 77 days!

The Chinese have always talked about the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, but what did these hegemons bring to the Chinese people? This question has never been answered. Qi Huangong's history of hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period is undoubtedly a vivid lesson - this is an era of great powers competing for hegemony, and its political landscape is the same as today. All great powers are working tirelessly for hegemony. Which one of economy, military, culture, morality and system is the key to the rise of a great power? Overlord Qi Huan will explain the meaning of "overlord" and teach us an interesting lesson. This book describes the life of Duke Huan of Qi, the first overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period. It tells how he won the throne, used Guan Zhong in an important position, worked hard to govern, respected the king and rejected the barbarians, and united the nine princes, making Qi a dominant country, which greatly changed the structure of China at that time and had a profound impact on later generations.

This book mainly discusses the early history of the "Guge Kingdom" established in western Tibet. The whole book uses historical methods and combines the relevant results of archaeology, religion, and ethnology. Based on the accurate and rich historical facts of the Guge Kingdom from the 10th to the 13th century, the book analyzes the basic issues in the history of the political and religious relations of the Guge Kingdom during this period from the perspective of political culture and political system. Taking the interaction patterns of various major events in the political and religious life of the Guge Kingdom from the 10th to 13th centuries as clues, this paper examines the era characteristics, specific trends and key links of the political and religious relations in the Guge Kingdom at each stage, and reveals the specific evolution of the power relationship between secular political forces and religious sectarian forces in Tibetan society from the 10th to 13th centuries.

Figures of the Yuan Dynasty have always attracted academic attention, and the scholars examined in this book are representatives of this group. Wei Su (1303~1372), whose courtesy name was Taipu and whose nickname was Yunlin, was from Linchuan, Jiangxi. He is famous for his literature, but he was controversial among later generations because of his official position in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. This book discusses Wei Su's family background, life, social interactions, and cultural achievements in detail, aiming to enhance our understanding of the politics, culture, and ethnic integration of the Yuan Dynasty from a case perspective.

"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

The history of the world economy in the 20th century is a history of crisis transfer. In the 1920s and 1930s, China could have stayed away from the global economic depression, but the storm of crisis still blew in through the window of Japan. Overcapacity, financial constraints, failed currency reform, international balance of payments imbalances... Japan's economic problems need to be passed on to the outside world, and China has become the last resort to absorb international excess production capacity. Even cement, a bulky commodity that is not suitable for international trade, has suffered high levels of dumping. Japanese companies do not hesitate to "go bankrupt for the country" and use weapons such as exchange depreciation, shipping subsidies, and agreed tariffs to try to strangle Chinese national cement companies such as Qixin and Huashang with low-priced cement. This book is an economic history monograph with the theme of commodity dumping. It shows a battle to defend the national economy jointly staged by national cement companies, the Nanjing National Government, and various social groups under desperate circumstances.

"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

What is the media cultural significance of the rise of speech communication in the late Qing Dynasty? What social message is revealed? These have always been areas rarely touched upon by communication historians. This book focuses on the preaching and speech activities in the late Qing Dynasty, and takes the social changes in the late Qing Dynasty as the background to explore the reasons for the rise of speech communication and the characteristics of the times contained in this media phenomenon itself. On the basis of systematically sorting out the content, appearance, characteristics and development rules of preaching and speech communication in the Qing Dynasty, through the appearance of drastic changes in these two forms of speech communication in the late Qing Dynasty, we will reveal the changes in social structure and interpersonal relationships during this period, and then explore the interactive mechanism between the evolution of communication media and the reconstruction of social structure and social relationships.

This book closely follows "business roads", "merchants' gangs" and "commodities", and uses roads, inns, ancestral halls, pot houses, guild halls and other Shaanxi-Sichuan-Tibetan trade relics to listen to the different understandings of the Shaanxi-Sichuan-Tibetan trade from the government, academia and the public. Combined with literature, it examines the tea, salt, cloth, medicinal materials, tobacco, wine, and leather goods on the Shaanxi-Sichuan-Tibetan trade road. The actual business conditions of the , timber, and pawn industries reveal the profound meaning and influence of Shaanxi merchants in the Ming and Qing dynasties and their southwest trade, explain their major inspiration and experience for the joint development of contemporary southwest and northwest economies, give contemporary Shaanxi merchants new development ideas, and assist the implementation of the national "One Belt and One Road" and the high-quality economic development of Shaanxi Province.

This book introduces the life-long activities in China of two foreign advisers to Li Hongzhang, an important minister of the late Qing Dynasty and leader of the Westernization movement: Gustav Detring and Constantin von Hanneken. As ambitious young people, under the circumstances of the self-improvement movement launched by the late Qing government, the two not only participated in China's military, economic, diplomatic, educational and other reforms at the right time, but also created a personal career in China. Through the special experiences of two people in China, this book presents the overall situation of foreign expatriates in China and analyzes their role in China's modernization.

In 1980, the History Department of Nankai University founded "Nankai History", which is quite prestigious in the academic world. Later ceased publication. This reissue focuses on ancient Chinese history, modern Chinese history, and world history, supplemented by archeology and cultural relics research. It mainly publishes original and cutting-edge papers, as well as book reviews and notes on reading history. This journal emphasizes "Nankai history" as its main feature, highlights the research style of "practical learning", and uses a research method that combines social history and intellectual history to drive changes in research fields and topics, which has distinctive Nankai characteristics.

This book is divided into five parts. The introduction sorts out the current status of research on the Wuyue Kingdom and Wuyue Qian family in the past twenty years; the military section discusses the importance of Huzhou, Suzhou, and Fuzhou to Wuyue Kingdom's land territory during the Five Dynasties of Wuyue Kingdom, as well as Wuyue Kingdom's defense strategy for the three states; the literature section chronologically analyzes the poems and essays of Qian Liu, King Wusu of Wuyue Kingdom, and the Zhongxun King of Wuyue Qian Family in Wuyue Kingdom and Two Song Dynasties. It sorted out the writings of the branch, and examined the inscriptions of the Wuyue Qian family handed down and unearthed during the Wuyue Kingdom and the Two Song Dynasties; the character editor first connected the lineage of the Wuyue Qian family in the Wuyue Kingdom and the Wuyue Qian family in the two Song Dynasties in reliable historical materials, and then chronicled the life historical materials of Qian Weiyan, a descendant of the Wuyue Qian family and the privy envoy of the Northern Song Dynasty; and finally attached a catalog of treatises on the study of the Wuyue Kingdom and the Wuyue Qian family over the past century.

"Republic of China Studies" is an academic special issue sponsored by the Research Center for the History of the Republic of China at Nanjing University, a key research base in the humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education. It mainly publishes research articles on relevant historical facts and theories about the Republic of China period (1912-1949). It is now a CSSCI source publication. This volume is the 36th in total, with a total of 19 articles divided into five columns: politics, economy, culture, and reviews of people and achievements.

Ruling the world with documents is a prominent feature of the ancient Chinese state bureaucracy, and the differences in information communication and processing mechanisms in different periods also reveal their different era personalities and power operation methods. The clerical administration of the Song Dynasty relied on diversified information communication and a developed clerical system, and the depth it could achieve was far beyond that of previous generations. This book combs through the multiple channels of information communication that coexisted and competed with each other in the Song Dynasty. It analyzes the power operation mechanism under the political structure of the scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty starting from the daily administrative documents of the emperor and ministers such as imperial approval, provincial letters, and approval petitions, as well as the refutation system for decision-making behaviors.

The maintenance of a country depends on the extraction of resources. The methods of resource extraction correspond to different national governance models. Traditional China had a vast territory with various regional differences. Constrained by the backward transportation, rudimentary technical means and information capabilities at that time, how did the rulers draw resources across the country? This book starts with a number of variables that affect the country's resource extraction model, such as importance, scarcity, transaction costs, social effects, the country's bargaining power and multi-subjectivity. Combined with the characteristics of mining costs increasing over time, it discusses the Qing Dynasty's mineral resource extraction situation through rich and detailed historical materials. While revealing the Qing Dynasty's mining policy model and its inherent flaws, it also discusses several important principles and aspects of national governance at that time. Based on the above empirical facts, this book further connects the Ming and Qing dynasties' acquisition patterns of important materials such as salt, silk, porcelain, and horses. Combined with the general background of national transformation from the 15th to the 18th century, this book reveals the logic and dilemma of national governance in the Qing Dynasty by elucidating concepts such as "central comprehensive decision-making mechanism," "suspicious decision-making," "administrative information creation," and "case-based principles."

This book examines the evolution of U. S. Policy toward the puppet Manchukuo from the September 18th Incident to the Pearl Harbor incident. The book uses archival materials from China, the United States, Japan, and other parties as well as previous writings to examine a series of major historical facts about the exchanges between the United States and the Puppet Manchukuo one by one, clarifying many details of the exchanges between the two parties, in order to restore the true historical picture as much as possible, and place it in the overall investigation of the United States' Far East strategy.

Taoism was an important social and cultural phenomenon in the history of the Tang Dynasty, which had a profound impact on people's daily life. Therefore, in order to have a good understanding and grasp of the history of the Tang Dynasty, we should have a deep understanding of the role of Taoism in social life at that time. This book selects and analyzes Taoism among gods and Tang Dynasty society, Taoism and women in the Tang Dynasty, the religious and secular life of Taoist priests, Taoist magic and folk customs, Taoist gods and folk beliefs, Taoist imprints in seasonal customs, and the interaction and integration between Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. It attempts to see Taoism in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of social and cultural history, and to give a more objective explanation of the importance of Taoism in the social life of the Tang Dynasty.

This book is a collection of the results of the "Second Youth Forum on the History of the Republic of China". It is divided into three parts: "History of the Early Republic of China", "Wartime China" and "Academic and Society". It involves the official almanac of the Republic of China, the image of the May Fourth martyrs, the Anti-Japanese War, cities and small towns, etc. The "Youth Forum on the History of the Republic of China" advocates the study of "the history of the Republic of China", covering all aspects of the Republic of China period. The forum not only encourages young scholars to research and think about major issues related to the trend of China's modern history and the destiny of the country, but also focuses on selecting papers that are intended to open up new fields and study issues that have not been paid enough attention by previous generations. It also advocates young scholars to introduce new perspectives and new methods to inject new thinking and vitality into the discipline of the history of the Republic of China.