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This book is the concluding work of J. F. C. Fuller, a master of military history, who reflected on the Second World War. Fuller grasped this largest war in human history from a global perspective. From multiple perspectives including Germany, Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, Japan, France, and China, Fuller made his own in-depth theoretical judgment on the contradictions and conflicts between the strategic goals of the participating parties and the specific means to achieve the goals from a strategic perspective. In Fuller's view, both warring parties took many actions that were contrary to their ultimate strategic intentions. No matter how successful these actions seemed at the time, they were not conducive to the achievement of the overall goal. For example, Fuller believed that strategic bombing not only occupied a large amount of resources that could have been used on landing ships, but also had a disproportionate impact on the enemy's combat capabilities, industrial system, and civilian morale.

This book selects ten outstanding leaders in world history and introduces their lives, achievements, and influence on future generations. These ten leaders include Kublai Khan, Elizabeth I, Wang Anshi and other outstanding monarchs and politicians in history. The author introduces their governance achievements, life experiences, etc., And also makes a detailed analysis of the historical influence of the ten figures based on the larger background of the times. This book is a historical social science book. In addition to introducing historical figures, it also analyzes many historical events.

From 1995 to 1997, Kaplan embarked on a western journey from Kansas to the West Coast in his native United States. Through political and cultural perspectives, he discovered a transforming United States in geographical details: This big country is not in decline, but is slowly and irreversibly transforming into a new identity. Kaplan traveled from St. Louis in the center of the United States to Portland in the west, from the Canadian border in the north to the Mexican border in the south. During his travels, Kaplan discovered a new America: an America full of divisions and fractures in terms of race, class, education, and geography. In this America, wealth is increasing rapidly, but the gap between rich and poor is also widening; traditional beliefs have passed away, and new beliefs are only in their infancy. In "Wild Empire: A Journey into America's Future," Kaplan examines the United States with a keen and penetrating eye, interpreting the United States' future through reflections on its past, and ultimately points out that the most successful country in the world has entered the final and highly unknown phase of its history. In this era that is heavily influenced and infiltrated by American culture and values, "Wild Empire" undoubtedly provides an entrance for Chinese readers to "step into" the past and future of the United States. Kaplan's narration of his own journey allows us to be immersed in the scene and understand what has happened and what will happen in this land.

From drones to satellites, from missile defense systems to cyber warfare, Israel has been at the forefront of the world in applying new technologies to the modern battlefield. "Domination of the Middle East: Israel's Code of Military Power" shows us how this small country with a population of just over 8 million has been in a war environment for a long time, constantly adapting to changes in the form of war, and becoming a new type of power in the 21st century. Of course, Israel's "strength" does not lie in size, but in innovation and efficiency. As a pioneer in exploring war models in the 21st century, Israel has developed many new weapons in the face of ever-changing battlefields, and has maintained the effectiveness, continuity and lethality of its original weapons through modifications. While countries around the world are grappling with the same challenges, many are learning from Israel's experience, especially when it comes to weapons manufacturing. It can be said that Israel has become the world's weapons research and development laboratory. The road is long and long. In the difficult exploration of crossing the river by feeling for the stones, China is gradually breaking out of the old system of planned economy, and its prospects are already vaguely visible.

In this Pulitzer Prize-winning classic, Barbara Tuchman brilliantly illustrates the formation and outbreak of the crisis in August 1914 and the early battles of the war through vivid historical scene restoration, rich details and solid historical data support. Shortly after the publication of this book, the "Cuban Missile Crisis" occurred, which almost triggered a nuclear war. It was from this book that the then US President Kennedy learned historical lessons, which enabled the United States and the Soviet Union to resolve the crisis peacefully. These historical lessons are still of profound instructive significance to today's world.

World history has gone through an arduous and long development process. It can be roughly divided into three stages: the ancient period, the medieval period, and the modern period. In every stage, a solid human step is left. "A Brief History of the World" (Volume 1, 2, and 2) is divided into eight chapters. The content covers major historical facts from the beginning of human civilization to the long history of the 21st century. It uses time as the warp and the history of various countries as the latitude. It is told vertically and horizontally, presenting a panoramic view of world history in an all-round and multi-angle manner. This set of books adopts the style of story, and the narrative is vivid and fascinating.

Among the seven continents in the world, one continent has the most eye-catching history, and that is Europe. Because European countries have a very large influence on other continents. Going back hundreds of years, European countries such as Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, and France once established huge colonies, including many countries in other continents. Today, although the colonies have become independent, European culture still affects the world and is still the most popular and influential cultural form in the world.

The Mayan civilization has a history of nearly four thousand years from its earliest emergence to its destruction by the Spanish. Among the world's ancient civilizations, the Maya is undoubtedly romantic.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

The General History of the World (Youth Color Picture Edition) takes historical chronology as its warp and important figures and events in various periods of world history as its weft. The content covers politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and many other aspects. The book is divided into 10 volumes, starting from the ancient Egyptian period to the 911 terrorist attacks in the United States. It selects more than 600 themes and more than 2,000 pictures to vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reproduce the wonderful moments and rich connotations of world history. The vivid and smooth text, colorful pictures, novel and lively format, and exquisite binding design enable young readers to easily acquire world historical knowledge in a pleasant reading experience.

"Inequality is a dynamic phenomenon in the historical development of human society" - All of us evolved from egalitarian hunters or gatherers, yet why are almost all of us under the control of those who are wealthy? The two authors continue Jacques Rousseau's discussion of inequality in human society, and explore the evolution of social logic in communities in different eras and regions against the grand historical background of human origins, race diffusion, community aggregation, the emergence of nations, and before modern industrialization. This book systematically constructs the inherent laws of the "idea world" in the development of human society from primitive populations to slavery, monarchy, and even empires, and clarifies the essence of various inequalities in human society.

"The Spring and Autumn Period of the Soviet Union. The Great Transformation" mainly introduces the history of the Soviet Union during the Stalin period.

This book is divided into two parts, "Japan's "Mein Kampf"" and "The Fight for China." In the former, Wallace personally interviewed the core figures in Japan's foreign aggression policy as a reporter from 1940 to 1941, exposing and analyzing Japan's entire plan to invade China and even conquer the world, as well as the actual facts of its implementation. "Fighting for China" is a TV documentary script written by Wallace who signed up for military service after the outbreak of the Pacific War and served as the chief writer of the U. S. Army's production unit.

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Before World War I, Germany was the richest and most powerful economy in Europe, and anti-Semitism was clearly marginalized in politics. However, the Nazis, who were just a group of extremists and villains at first, turned Germany into a one-party dictatorship within a few years, leading a highly educated nation into moral, material and cultural ruins and despair. This book explores the psychology of the Nazis through German history, society and culture, restores the process of the Nazis' seizure of power, reveals why opponents failed to stop them, and vividly reproduces the chaos, economic disaster, violence, and social polarization that led to the advent of the Third Reich.

Did the British Empire thrive on borrowed money? Does "remaining neutral" mean "opposing the war"? Was Viking plunder actually a kind of trade? How did printing influence the way we do business today? This book tells the story of the "unknown" world history, looking at the big from the small, and looking at the macro history from a micro perspective, bringing us a new perspective on world history. Different from the simple accumulation of historical knowledge, let us grasp the pulse of human civilization behind the appearance.

"History on Maps" uses maps as a medium to tell the development of world history. From early clay tablet carvings to today's satellite projections, from the musical universe to the Age of Discovery, from Atlantis to Middle-earth, "History in Maps" uses maps as a medium to tell the development of world history. Behind every map there is a magnificent history. "History in Maps" carefully collects 58 of the most representative world-famous maps, covering astronomy, oceans, geology and landforms, military and other fields. It is accompanied by rich and exquisite color illustrations to tell you the ups and downs of the historical stories behind the maps.

War brings smoke and death and has always been hated by peace-loving people. People have long written war into history to commemorate it, and at the same time to show the huge damage that war has brought to human society. There have been many wars, large and small, in history, and the closest and largest one to us was World War II.

Wonderful, interesting, visible, history no longer has a straight face. Authoritative and accurate, with pictures and truth.

"Soviet Spring and Autumn" is divided into three volumes, "Soviet Spring and Autumn. Revolution and Reform", "Soviet Spring and Autumn. Great Transformation" and "Soviet Spring and Autumn. Reconstruction and Change of Flags". The first volume "Revolution and Reform", from the Russian February Revolution to before Stalin came to power, mainly explains the revolution before the establishment of the Soviet Union and the social reforms after its establishment; the second volume "The Great Transformation" mainly introduces the history of the Soviet Union during Stalin's rule; the third volume "Reconstruction and Change of Flags" mainly discusses the experience and lessons of the Soviet Union before and after the disintegration.

"Spring and Autumn of the Soviet Union. Revolution and Reform", from the Russian February Revolution to before Stalin came to power, mainly explains the revolution before the establishment of the Soviet Union and the social reforms after its establishment.

The book "A Century of Agitation" has 5 chapters in total. The first 4 chapters of Yoshida Shigeru divided the century-old history of modern Japan into four stages in chronological order - the Meiji Restoration, the move toward modernization, the difficult post-war period, and the period of economic recovery and development. He discussed them in detail one by one. In the last chapter, Yoshida Shigeru made a brief summary and proposed Japan's future plans and ideas with great hope. Each chapter is divided into several subtitles, all of which have a clear direction. They basically directly raise the specific issues faced by society at that time, once again linking to the author's political identity. Of course, what really shines in "A Century of Turbulence" is the creative strategy for governing the country it proposes. The final implementation of these governance strategies was due to the various efforts made by the Japanese government and people on the one hand, and on the other hand it was also due to the full use of the international environment at the time. As Yoshida Shigeru said in the book, Japan "was born at the right time and relied on its lucky side." At the end of the article, Yoshida Shigeru's "Reminiscences" are included.

"The Spring and Autumn Period of the Soviet Union. Reconstruction and Change of Flags" mainly discusses the experiences and lessons before and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close. Earth, this blue planet is just a drop in the ocean in the vast universe, but it is the cradle of mankind. When the ancestors of mankind began to make simple stone tools with their hands, they said goodbye to the apes, and the history of mankind slowly drew to a close.

In human history, there are very few civilizations named after continents, but European civilization is one of them. Europe has long formed the characteristics of overall development in culture, and has very distinctive European characteristics. After 1500, Europe entered a period of rapid development of civilization. The connections between various countries were further strengthened, and the characteristics of Europe became more obvious. Europe has the most colorful culture and its economy is also very developed. This book summarizes the experience of European cultural rejuvenation.

An honorary work from Yale University Press, written by a BBC special consultant! Visit more than 30 archaeological sites around the world and witness the entire discovery process of 15 ancient civilizations! The epic city of Troy really existed! Porcelain from the Ming Dynasty is actually hidden in a South African ruins! Pompeii, Terracotta Warriors, Tombs of Egyptian Pharaohs, Stonehenge, Mayan Pyramids, Hanging Gardens... Open this book, take a walk around more than 30 archaeological sites around the world, and witness the entire discovery process of 15 ancient civilizations! It turns out that the city of Troy in Homer's epic poem really existed! It turns out that the ruins of Great Zimbabwe in Africa contain Ming Dynasty porcelain! It turns out that the water conservancy system of Angkor Wat once created a brilliant civilization! 40 Wonderful moments that recreate ancient civilizations, 40 great moments that changed human history, and 40 interesting stories that are easy to understand, humorous, exciting, and informative!

"Modern European History: From the Renaissance to the Present" is an academic work that tells the history of Europe from the Renaissance to contemporary times. This book absorbs the latest research results, uses materials including fresh events that occurred in the 21st century, and covers a wide range of topics. It provides a panoramic survey of the development of modern European politics, economy, culture, science, art, religion, society and many other aspects. While depicting important figures in the development of European history, it also pays attention to the lives of ordinary people and their role in the historical process. Placing Europe in a global context is also a major feature of this book, and author John Merriman pays full attention to the interaction between Europe and the rest of the world.

In 1912, with the death of Emperor Meiji and the ascension of Emperor Taisho to the throne, Japan began to see a relaxed social environment, the democratic movement surged, and universal suffrage and a party-cabinet system were implemented. On the other hand, there was an undercurrent between the military and right-wing forces, which eventually led to the "February 26 Incident" in 1936. From then on, Japan quickly slid towards fascism, first invading China, and then declaring war on Britain and the United States. As a result, not only did it cause disaster to the world, but Japan itself was almost destroyed by the war. By describing important historical figures and major historical events from 1912 to 1945, this book vividly outlines the journey of an emerging country that was once full of hope towards war, and also analyzes the internal reasons why Japan embarked on self-destruction. This book is the sequel to "The Enlightenment of the Nation: The Source of the Rise of the Japanese Empire". These two books completely present the historical process of the founding, pursuit, rise, divergence and destruction of the Japanese Empire in modern times. They are also a complete modernization story of a late-developing country. Japan's move toward war had a huge impact on China. Understanding this period of history has practical significance for understanding Japan and the development of late-developing countries, and it still has a strong warning significance for China today.

This set includes "The Rise and Fall of the British Empire", "The British Empire and the First World War", "The Windsors: The Peak and Darkest Hour of the Empire", "The Two Queens of France: A Legendary Masterpiece that Relives the Evolution of the European Era", "The Spanish Civil War: Truth, Madness and Death", "1924: The Year That Changed Hitler's Fate", "The Most Dangerous Book: Tacitus' Germania - From the Roman Empire to the Third Reich"

David I. Kozer used secret materials opened by the Vatican in 2006 and lasted seven years to present the story of the two men's conspiracy, completely subverting this established view. Pius XI, who was worried about the decline of church authority, relied on the power of fascism to resist communism and the advent of modern society. The careerist Mussolini relied on the Pope's blessing to increase his credibility and then control Italy. The two people's interest alliance, which was full of intrigues and ultimately shaky, changed the fate of millions of people, and the nightmare of World War II began. Kozer uses detailed historical materials and compact and capable writing to vividly portray many important figures in Europe and the Roman Catholic Church in the early 20th century, uncovering the secrets of the rise of the Italian fascist regime from a new perspective and restoring the truth of an important period of history.

This book is former Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida's record of Japan's ten years of postwar economic recovery. It mainly records the historical events in the past ten years after Japan's defeat, from May 1946 to December 1954, when Yoshida formed the government five times. The Yoshida regime was born in the turbulent era after the war when everything was in ruins. From Yoshida's personal perspective, this book records in detail a series of historical events that he personally participated in and witnessed, which were fundamental and directional and of great significance to Japan's post-war recovery. But in general, what is revealed between the lines is not literary interest, but the rationality, perseverance, hard work and courage unique to politicians.

With short and concise writing style, this book profoundly records the ups and downs that Japan experienced in the 100 years from the Meiji Restoration in the 1860s to the 1960s from a majestic and sweeping historical perspective. From the perspective of a political leader, the author Yoshida Shigeru explains Japan's history over the past century, from the rise of the Meiji Restoration to the trough after the defeat, and then to the history of getting back on its feet with the help of good post-war development opportunities. This book also includes Japan through the eyes of foreigners over the past century, as well as the author's economic papers and current affairs comments published in Japanese postwar newspapers and magazines. Generally speaking, what is revealed between the lines is not literary interest, but the rationality, perseverance, hard work and courage unique to politicians.

"History of Cultural Exchanges between China and Japan: Investigation and Research" records the history of cultural exchanges between China and Japan from ancient times to the 19th century. "History of Sino-Japanese Cultural Exchange: Investigation and Research" consists of 6 chapters and 23 sections of text, 30 investigation articles, and 6 review articles. The 23 main text sections describe the main thread of the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges with the exchange of characters as the main line; 30 investigation articles report the most vivid footprints in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges that have influenced the present; 6 review articles summarize the entire history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges, and a prologue explains the characteristics and stages of the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.

"Revisiting History" is a record of Eva Hoffman's travels in Eastern Europe. She returned to her hometown in 1989 to witness how Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia, which was splitting into two countries, "made their history." Through conversations with local people from all walks of life and faithful records of what they saw and felt, this book presents the changes in politics, economy, thought, culture, and daily life in Eastern Europe at that time. In the countries that Hoffman traveled to, change was almost a common desire, and with the exception of Romania, change was accomplished in a completely non-violent manner and with almost no resistance from the ruling powers. As history changes, this is the best-case scenario, a revolution wrapped in a soft and smooth coat. But the deeper transformations that take place there are actually more dramatic and often directionless.

"Year Zero" reviews the changes in the world situation in 1945, the end of World War II. One world has come to an end, and another brand-new world with an uncertain future is slowly opening. Regime changes are taking place all over the world, and brutal power struggles and earth-shaking changes are taking place in both Asia and continental Europe. In the process, the modern world as we know it was born. The end of the war brought liberation and joy everywhere, but through the eyes of those who witnessed it, the ruthless revenge on a large scale, widespread famine, and the dilemma of overstretched resources were clearly visible. At the same time, European forces were reorganized, communism in Russia and Eastern Europe grew stronger, civil war broke out in China, the US military took over Japan, and Southeast Asian countries shifted from colonial liberation to authoritarian rule. The complex international relations heralded the beginning of the Cold War.