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"Tokyo University Professor's Lecture Notes on World Literature 5" is the fourth volume in the "Tokyo University Professor's Lecture Note on World Literature" series. This book is the world literature course handout of Mitsuki Numano, a professor of literature at the University of Tokyo and a famous Japanese literary critic. The content consists of a literary dialogue between the author Mitsuki Numano and 23 well-known contemporary writers and scholars (from Japan, the United States, China, Poland, Bulgaria and other countries). This series of books is required reading for undergraduates and graduate students majoring in literary theory at the University of Tokyo, and is also a basic reading for students majoring in literature at the University of Tokyo. This volume contains dialogues between popular Japanese writers Kawakami Hiromi and Ono Masatsugu, Bulgarian writer Tsvetana, Ukrainian translator Uyacheslavi, and Czech translator Elusi Pieta. The topic revolves around the two themes of "From the World to Japan" and "From Japan to the World", exploring how to introduce Japanese literature to countries around the world, and how to read literature from different countries in the world.

"Leaves of Grass" is a romantic poetry collection by the 19th-century American writer Walt Whitman. It contains more than 300 poems. The collection of poems is named after a poem in the collection: "Wherever there is soil, wherever there is water, wherever grass grows." The poems in the collection are like the grass that grows all over the American land, full of vitality and exuding an alluring fragrance. They are world-famous masterpieces and ushered in a new era of American national poetry. The author made bold innovations in the form of poetry, creating a "free style" poetry form and breaking the traditional poetry rhythm. "Selected Poems of Whitman" is carefully compiled and selected based on the 1994 edition of "Leaves of Grass" published by People's Literature Publishing House. It selects Whitman's familiar masterpieces and also considers that the readers are primary and secondary school students, so it is suitable for primary and secondary school students to read.

In the world of poetry, America has Whitman, Chile has Neruda, Britain has Yeats, and Spain has Lorca. For the Spaniards, Lorca is the eternal "Son of Andalusia". With a pure and passionate heart, he sang the praises of Andalusia's clear springs, fragrant orange flowers, vast sea, and brilliant starry sky. His poems contain the soul of Spain. On August 19, 1936, Lorca, who was only 38 years old, was shot dead for opposing fascist rebels. Lorca's death is a wound that is difficult to heal in modern Spanish history.

The content of this book is based on Greek mythology and the tragic works of the ancient Greek poet Aeschylus. It tells the story of Prometheus who helped Jupiter win the throne of the Emperor of Heaven, but after Jupiter came to the throne, he actually wanted to destroy mankind. Prometheus protected mankind against Jupiter, stole the fire of wisdom for mankind, and taught them all skills and technologies. Jupiter retaliated with vicious means and tied Prometheus to the Caucasus Mountains. During the day, vultures pecked at his internal organs. At night, those internal organs grew again, causing endless pain... As a passionate and unrestrained singer of freedom, in "Prometheus Unchained", Shelley showed his innovative spirit and praise of justice with extremely high creativity.

"Born Like Summer Flowers: Selected Classic Poems of Rabindranath Tagore" includes Tagore's five classic masterpieces: "New Moon Collection", "Birds Collection", "Gardener Collection", "Flowing Fireflies" and "Gitanjali". "Born Like Summer Flowers: Selected Classic Poems of Tagore" includes Tagore's two representative poetry collections: "New Moon Collection", a collection of prose poems focusing on children's life and interests, and "Collection of Birds", a collection of lyric poems about love and life. These poems are rich in lyricism, meaningful and profound, with fresh and fluent language and strange and wonderful images. Paired with exquisite freehand pictures and full of light philosophical thoughts, it gives people a sense of beauty and inspiration.

A newly revised version of the complete translation of Pulitzer Prize winner Sylvia Plath's poems, the "Marilyn Monroe of American literature", the tragic song of the soul of the ill-fated genius female poet. This book contains all 274 poems by Sylvia Plath, the famous contemporary American female poet and writer, and winner of the 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Plath's poems are full of strong imagery, and almost every poem contains enough elements to outline a distinct postmodernist painting. These combinations of pictures, which are more ethereal than reality but harsher than dreams, defy all logic, cause and effect and even the constraints of time and space without scruples, deconstructing the gods and Christ, sages and virgins. It seems unreasonable, but the anxiety, frustration and repressed desires conveyed by these absurd, inverted, time-space-inverted pictures are so heart-stopping and unforgettable that no pleasing color can match it. Some of the images Plath depicts in her poems are grand and desolate, some are grotesque and playful, but almost all of them contain a restrained sadness. For these flow freely from a grieving soul. Plath took her own life in 1963. In 1982, this female poet who died 19 years ago was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. This is rare in the history of the Pulitzer Prize. Plath's poetry is a miracle of the 20th century. Plath has thus become one of the most talked about tragic images in the history of poetry in the twentieth century.

This is a perfect reproduction of the original 1855 version of Leaves of Grass, which is simple, exquisite and original; 20 paintings by American illustrator Rockwell Kent, a perfect combination of poetry and painting, complement each other; translator Zou Zhongzhi has made a new round of revision and polishing of the previous translation, making this translation that has been highly praised in the past few years even more perfect. "Leaves of Grass" is a strange book. From content to form, it subverts the European poetry creation model followed by American poets before it, and it is a conscious subversion. Although it has been controversial and criticized since its publication, it is revered as the birth mark of authentic American poetry and is one of the most important poetry collections in the history of world literature in the 19th century. The content of the book is so vast, from which historians saw the American history of the 19th century, thinkers saw the American expression of the concept of democracy, freedom and equality, philosophers saw the belief in the animism of all things and the immortal soul, travelers saw the wild natural scenery and the magnificent and boiling urban scenes of the United States, young people read the praise of the body and sex, and the elderly saw the fearlessness of death... The importance of Whitman in the history of American and world literature cannot be overstated.

Pushkin, the world-renowned great Russian poet, was born in a noble family and was well-read since he was a child. At that time, the autocratic rule of the Russian Tsar made the country backward and the people were in dire straits. Years of war and chaos made things worse. Pushkin used his pen as a weapon to write many satirical poems criticizing the Tsar and his minions. He inspired people to fight against this unreasonable system. He also wrote many heart-touching and beautiful lyric poems describing Russian people's feelings and his own emotions. This book is a selection of Pushkin's poems. Nearly 200 classic poems are selected that are most loved and praised by future generations, including personal emotions and social life, love and friendship, city and countryside, literature and politics, the history of the motherland and the customs of foreign lands, folklore and natural scenery, etc. Although these poems were written in the early 19th century, they still have high reading value and aesthetic significance today. The deep feelings contained in the poems are conveyed to the readers' hearts through flowing language. The poems are like music, but higher than music.

The complete collection of poems by the representative poets of the Silver Age, translated with great devotion by the famous Russian translator Professor Zheng Tiwu. The original translation refers to multiple similar Russian versions and contains 590 works of the poet throughout his life. It can be called a "well-deserved" complete collection. _X000b_ Mandelstam published his first work in 1910, which received wide acclaim. Later, he self-financed the publication of the collection of poems "Stones", which established his position in the poetry world in one fell swoop. In the following twenty years of literary career, the poet's personal life was not smooth, but he always insisted on creating and demanded excellence, so he did not publish a few collections of poems throughout his life. Although the poet did not leave many works, almost all of them were excellent works, and many of his works aroused widespread discussion within the poet circle at that time. The poet died unjustly in the winter of 1938, and his works could not be seen by readers for a long time. Fortunately, the poet's widow, relatives and friends tried their best to preserve a large number of the poet's manuscripts and manuscripts, and these immortal poems were finally rediscovered. "The Complete Poems of Mandelstam" was compiled and translated by the famous translator Professor Zheng Tiwu with reference to multiple similar Russian versions. The book contains a total of 590 poems written by Mandelstam throughout his life, including several newly discovered lost works and unfinished works. It is a veritable "complete collection".

"Fruit Collection" contains 86 prose poems by the Indian literary giant Rabindranath Tagore, which can be called the sequel to "Song Collection". Tagore used poetic language to capture spiritual thoughts and ponder the essence of life, leaving us with this moving collection of poems. Every flower, every tree, every grass, every dust, in the poet's writing are all beautiful words and lively thoughts - "All things show their true colors there, as if facing the eyes of the Creator." "The Ferry Collection" contains 78 prose poems by Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore. The poet uses extraordinary brushwork to "meditate on the eternity on the other side", which is full of optimistic and positive emotions and vitality.

"There are no flowers in the garden because they have been trampled." "The Enchanted Guccio: Miłosz's Poems II" contains 73 poems by Miłosz, from "The Enchanted Guccio" (1965), "The City without a Name" (1969), "Prose Poems" (1954-1969), "Where the Sun Rises and Sets" (1974) and "Ode to the Pearl" (1981). Most of them were created by the poet after he immigrated to the United States. Some of his works reveal his happiness in settling in the New World, but there is still some inner struggle and pain. Czeslaw Milosz, one of the greatest poets of the 20th century, defined the tragedy and beauty of his era with unparalleled precision and elegance. His poems, whether they describe his boyhood in Poland, his grief in war-torn Warsaw, or his pursuit of faith, are all astonishing and awe-inspiring, and they convey a strong sense of life and the individuality of ordinary life. The poem's exploration of death, war, love and faith is gripping, shocking and thought-provoking: "The existence of this land itself is far beyond the description of any language." "Miłosz's Collected Poems" contains 335 of the poet's poems from 1931 to 2001. This poem chapter, according to the year of creation and publication, is divided into four volumes: "Poems of the Frozen Period", "Enchanted Guqiao", "Reminiscences of Homeland" and "Facing the River". It was directly translated from Polish by Polish literature experts. It is the first time that the complete picture of Miłosz's poetry is presented in the Chinese world.

"Crescent Moon Collection·Birds Collection" carefully collects Rabindranath Tagore's classic poetry collections: "Crescent Moon Collection", a collection of prose poems focusing on children's life and interests, and "Flying Birds Collection", a collection of philosophical aphorisms. With rich and deep lyricism, fresh and fluent language, and strange and wonderful images, the poems describe the poet Rabindranath Tagore's philosophical thinking on nature, the universe and life. In the poet's writing, a bird, a flower, and a star seem to be endowed with humanity and full of truth and wisdom. In addition, this book uses the classic translation by the famous translator Mr. Zheng Zhenduo. The appendix also contains an excerpt from "The Biography of Tagore" written by Mr. Zheng Zhenduo, which will help readers have a comprehensive understanding of Tagore's life.

"Flowers of Evil" is a masterpiece of poetry by French poet Baudelaire. The publication of his collection of poems in 1857 made him famous in one fell swoop and established his position in the history of French and even world poetry. "Youth Is a Melancholy Storm" contains 56 "youth" themed poems from "Flowers of Evil", from which everyone can read their own fear and love, sadness and despair. Baudelaire said: "In this book, I put all my heart, all my tenderness, all my religion and all my hatred..." He regarded this collection of poems as an outlet for his emotions and placed all his hopes and beliefs on it.

This book is the first complete collection of Gibran's novels and plays, and is accompanied by exquisite illustrations specially drawn by Gibran for the book. Gibran's novels and plays are full of rebellious spirit. As he said: they are the call to the God of freedom in the deepest part of the abyss. "The Rebellious Soul" calls on the people to break the shackles of servility, and Gibran angered the government and was expelled; "The Prairie Bride" praises the purity of love and accuses the destruction of love by public opinion and ethics; "Broken Wings" is a poignant love story based on the author's own experience. The grief and despair in the article are gripping. This book does not have Gibran's consistent tolerance and gentleness in other works such as "The Prophet", but is full of anger and injustice. He uses the protagonist's mouth to shout out all the helplessness and despair in his life, which is shocking.

"The Odyssey" is an ancient Greek-Chinese version, the latest in the "Rizhi Classical Series". The Greek text of this book adopts the version of "The Odyssey" in Loeb's Classical Series, which is the authoritative revised version that has been in use for nearly a hundred years. The immortal heroic epic "The Odyssey" created by the ancient Greek poet Homer, together with the "Iliad", is called the "Homeric Epic" and is recognized as the ancestor of Western literature and the source of Western culture. The poem has 24 volumes and a total of 12,110 lines. It tells the story of Odysseus, the main general of the Greek army and King of Ithaca, who returned home after ten years of wandering after the Trojan War. It not only vividly reproduces the panoramic view of ancient Greek society, but also is an important historical material for studying early society. It also has extremely high literary and artistic value and is the immortal legacy of ancient Greece to mankind.

"Sonnets" is Shakespeare's most important collection of poems. Since the end of the 18th century, Shakespeare's sonnets have aroused great interest and various debates. According to widely popular interpretations, these sonnets from the 1st to the 126th are written to or about a beautiful aristocratic young man; from the 127th to the 152nd, they are written to or about a dark-skinned girl; the last two and a few in between have nothing to do with the story. At first glance, this collection of poems will give people a monotonous feeling. Shakespeare repeats the same themes over and over again - time, friendship or love, art (poetry). However, if you taste them carefully, you will find that they are by no means the same thing.

This book was written approximately between 1590 and 1598. The structural and language skills of its poems are extremely high, and each poem has its own independent aesthetic value. All 154 of his poems focus on praising love, friendship and truth, goodness and beauty. In the creation of sonnets in Britain and even the world, Shakespeare's sonnets are a peak and deserve an unprecedented reputation. As Britain's greatest playwright and poet, Shakespeare is known as "the soul of the era" and "humanity's greatest dramatic genius" who "belongs not only to one era but to the entire century." His sonnets occupy a very important place in his oeuvre.

This book contains Tagore's four beautiful collections of love poems: "Fruit Gathering", "The Lover's Yi", "The Ferry" and "Selected Poems". The famous writer Bing Xin and the oriental literature translator Shi Zhen restored a bright world filled with warmth, sharing and love with their elegant and philosophical translations, singing about the innocence of love, praising the flawless innocence of children, praising life and thinking about the essence of life. Optimism and vitality can be seen everywhere, including open-mindedness and firm confidence in the pursuit of ideals, as well as the true touch of life. On a breezy afternoon, with a cup of tea and a beautiful collection of poems, Tagore picked up the pleasant petals of the flower of the day and watched them mature into the golden fruit of memory, leading us to taste the sweetness of the world.

The poetry creations of heavyweight writers in the German literary world fill the gap in the introduction of contemporary German poetry into the country: Matthias Politiki is a master of contemporary German literature. He has won many important awards such as the North German Literature Prize, and has published more than 30 works of various types. No works have been introduced to China before. This collection of poems shows contemporary German poetry other than Goethe and Schiller to a broad audience. Selected from the author's 30 years of poetry creation, recording nature, city, life, love and travel: This book carefully selects 81 poems from Matthias's 30 years of poetry collection, divided into five parts according to theme, sharing his many feelings about nature, city, life and love, and also recording the inspiration he received during his travels around the world. Find poetry in the gaps of daily life and think about the world: in Matthias's view, life itself is the source of poetry. In this collection of poems, we can not only see his records of life fragments, but also feel the consistent in-depth thinking of German writers. The translation project of the Goethe-Institut was fully funded, and the Qiyi Poetry Workshop of the German Department of Peking University devoted the translation: the translation of the whole book is smooth and beautiful. During the translation process of this book, teachers and students from the German Department of Peking University carefully read the text with Matthias, and repeatedly refined it to convey the emotions in the original poem in every detail.

"The Iliad" is a long narrative poem compiled by the blind ancient Greek poet Homer based on oral epics and short songs. It is an important ancient Greek literary work and one of the classics of Western literature. It is called "Homer's epic" together with another work of Homer, "The Odyssey". "The Iliad" is a masterpiece describing ancient wars. It narrates a 10-year war between the ancient Greeks and the Trojans; it praises the strength, might, wit and bravery of the ancient heroes; it eulogizes their great achievements and the spirit of heroism and collectivism in fighting against alien races.

"Heart and Woman" contains nearly one hundred poems by "Japanese modern poetry master" Shuntaro Tanikawa, and combines the contents of his two poetry collections "Heart" and "To Woman". "Heart" contains 60 inspired poems with the theme of "heart". In the poet's writing, the heart is a shaking pudding, a sky open to the universe, a bottomless quagmire, a rough diamond, and a lost child... "To a Woman" is a collection of 36 "love songs" written by the poet for his third wife, the famous picture book writer and essayist Yoko Sano, recording the sweetness, innocence and sincerity of the passionate love between this pair of perfectly matched souls. The poems recorded are all exclusively authorized and published for the first time in China. They are carefully translated by the famous poet and translator Tian Yuan. The Chinese and Japanese comparisons double the poetic interest. It also includes interviews with poets talking about women, marriage, love and creation, which are humorous, wise and tender.

"Leaves of Grass" is the representative work of the American poet Whitman. It is the first collection of poems with American national style and style in the history of American literature. It created a generation of poetry style, which subverted the European poetry creation model that American poets followed before, from content to form, and had a great influence on the American poetry world. "Leaves of Grass: Selected Poems by Whitman" is written by Li Yeguang, a Whitman research expert and poetry translator, who selects the essence of the poems and translates them vividly. The bold, unrestrained, simple and rough language reproduces the vitality of the United States of that era. The language of poetry is close to spoken language, vivid and easy to understand, and has a distinctive rhythm.

"The Collection of Flowing Fireflies" and "The Collection of Flying Birds" are both regarded as Tagore's short poems, which contain 257 meaningful poems. Tagore cherished ink like gold. In only eight or nine lines, or even as short as one or two lines, he dedicated to readers a flower, a cloud, a bird in the sky, and a few fireflies in the dark night, forging deep wisdom and eternal love.

A collection of poems by Colombian writer and poet Alvaro Mutis. This book compiles and collects Mutis' poetry from 1947 to 2003 in chronological order. As an adventurer and protagonist in the world of Mutis' series of novels, the character of lookout Maclor was born in Mutis's early poems. These poems are also haunted by a tropical atmosphere like his novels: fading beauty, hot and humid time, unfortunate voyages, absurd work... The collection of poems covers Mutis's long creative career. Wandering and the sea, failure and destruction, words and despair, lust and death, history and night, dreams and time... Are themes throughout.

Akhmatova is a great poet who is good at lyrical poetry and love poetry. "My Nights Are Rhapsody About You: Selected Poems of Akhmatova" selects most of her important lyric poetry collections "Evening", "Rosary", "The White Bunch", "Plantain", "Era of Christ" and "Episode 7", as well as the entire epic poem "Requiem". In her works, there are girls who fall in love for the first time, lovers who are passionately in love, and frustrated people who are abandoned by love, and there are many philosophies of life in them. Nature is a talking elf in her works and the protagonist's closest friend.

"Leaves of Grass" is the most essential selection from the complete collection of "Leaves of Grass". It records the life of thoughts and explorations of Whitman, the "father of free verse" in the United States, and also reflects the outlook of the entire era and country. From content to form, from thought to language, the greatest feature of "Leaves of Grass" is "freedom". It abandoned the traditional poetic rhythm, created a new poetic style, vigorously eulogized the magnificence of nature, was filled with the passion of the times, and was rich in a strong humanitarian spirit and mystical style. It was an American epic in the 19th century. Later art masters such as Henry Miller and Allen Ginsberg were deeply influenced by this collection of poems, and the movie "Dead Poets Society" also paid tribute to it.

Carl Sandburg is not only a journalist and biographer who represents the strength and genius of the United States, but also a poet laureate who embodies the American spirit and writes in the American colloquial language. "He is the United States." He dropped out of school at the age of thirteen and entered the workforce. He saw the world from the noisy streets and alleys of the city and from the bottom of the caravan. He also had an extremely rich experience of wandering and fighting. Because his poems were "people's poems", they were deeply loved by the people and he was called the "people's poet". This book is a collection of Sandburg's poems. It selects the main representative works from his iconic poetry collections - "Chicago Poems", "The Cornhuskers" (Pulitzer Prize-winning work), "Smoke and Steel", "Slates of the Sunburned West", "Good Morning America", "The People, Yes", and "Collected Poems" (Pulitzer Prize-winning work). It contains all high-quality works from his early, prime and late years, and comprehensively presents the evolution of his poetic ideas, techniques and style. In his poems, there are the prayers of steel - smoke-belching chimneys, quenching sprockets, low-level workers in blue; there is the vast imagination - the dreams of humans and machines; there is silence - the skyscrapers entering dreamland and the cornfields soaked in the sun; there is the loneliness of distant times - the open space between the urban rubble and other scenes. Borges once commented: "There is a kind of tired sadness in Sandburg, a kind of sadness in the evening on the plains, the sadness of mud and sand, the sadness of useless but accurate memory, the sadness of a man who feels the passage of time between day and night."

Select Brecht's representative works from various periods to present the entire process of his poetry creation: early poetry and early urban poetry (1913-1925), urban poetry (1925-1929), crisis period (1929- 1933), the early years of exile (1934-1938), the darkest years (1938-1941), the American period (1941-1947), and later poetry (1947-1956).

Whitman's "Leaves of Grass" broke the traditional poetry form and created a new style of free verse. The poetry is surging and eclectic; it is a classic collection of poetry that represents the root of the American spirit and the source of American culture. Whitman himself revised and expanded "Leaves of Grass" many times throughout his life, eventually including more than 300 poems. "Leaves of Grass: Selected Poems by Whitman" is carefully selected and translated by Mr. Li Yeguang, an expert on Whitman research, and includes the essence of Whitman's original works.

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"Birds" is one of Rabindranath Tagore's masterpieces written in 1913, and is also one of the most outstanding poetry collections in the world. This collection of poems contains a total of 365 poems, which is a very philosophical collection of English aphorisms. "In this dusk haze, many things look like illusions - the lower floors of the spires disappear in the darkness, the tops of the trees look like spots of ink. I will wait for the dawn, and when I wake up, I will see your city in the light ." The contradictory existences of sunrise and sunset, betrayal and freedom, sparks and ice blades, streams and oceans were all integrated into profound philosophy of life by Tagore in short and concise sentences, which became the source that leads the world to seek wisdom and truth.

This book collects the poems of Polish poet and Nobel Prize winner Czeslaw Miłosz from 1931 to 1981. According to the year of creation and publication, it includes "Poems of the Frozen Period" (1933), "Salvation" (1945) and " "The Light of Day" (1953), "The Enchanted Guqiao" (1965), "The City without a Name" (1969), "Where the Sun Rises and Where It Sets" (1974) and "Ode to the Pearl" (1981) and other 129 poems. There are long poems with rich lyricism and description, as well as fierce and indignant ridicule and criticism. During this period, Milosz witnessed many historical events and experienced life experiences such as moving to France and settling in the United States. He wrote famous works such as "The Gift", "Piazza Fiore" and "The World".

"Gitanjali" is Tagore's Nobel Prize-winning poetry collection, with a total of 103 poems. The entire collection of poems forms a complete whole in terms of emotion and structure. It is Tagore who suffered from real difficulties. Through dialogue with "God", using images full of nature, and using language with great rhythm and music, it combines the ancient Indian spiritual tradition and the modern Western spirit. He sees all living beings and the universe from himself, and confides his loneliness, struggle, expectations, love and faith. "Gitanjali" combines philosophy and lyricism, with profound and rare spiritual beauty. It is the most representative classic poetry collection for understanding Rabindranath Tagore. This edition adopts Xiao Xingzheng's new translation, which is bilingual in Chinese and English. It contains 103 exquisite illustrations by American artist Mark McGinnis and is illustrated with the text.

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This book collects all the famous poems written by Plath from 1956 to his death. It was personally edited, annotated and prefaced by her husband, British Poet Laureate Ted Hughes. It won the 1981 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and is also the author's most comprehensive poetry collection. Plath's poems are full of strong imagery, and almost every poem contains enough elements to outline a distinct postmodernist painting. Some of the images Plath depicts in her poems are grand and desolate, some are grotesque and playful, but almost all of them contain a restrained sadness. For these flow freely from a grieving soul.

A collection of representative works by the talented Japanese poet Ishikawa Takuboku, a classic translation by Zhou Zuoren, and a super complete collection of Chinese and Japanese bilingual editions! This book contains 551 songs from "A Grip of Sand" and 194 songs from "The Sad Toy". Ishikawa Takuboku's poems have unique descriptions of daily life, changes in the seasons, relatives, friends, and children, and record the gains and losses in life with delicate and sensitive thoughts, which are sincere and touching. As a writer who died of illness at a young age but left behind a large number of poems, comments and profound literary theories, his content has irreplaceable value in terms of his creative level and his understanding of life beyond the times. Zhou Zuoren's translation is simple and elegant, making the poet's lonely, sensitive and burning heart vividly appear on the page. If you are unhappy, then read Ishikawa Takuboku's poems!

"I Taste the Flavor of Things Too Soon" is a collection of poems by "Japanese national poet" Ishikawa Takuboku. Zhou Zuoren's translation is simple and elegant, which makes Ishikawa Takuboku's lonely, hot and sensitive heart happy to read on the page. These crystal-clear poems by Ishikawa Takuboku are sketches of moods, with both joyful leaps and bitter tremblings. He turns the things we have left behind in life into beautiful and sad existences, reaching people's lonely and fragile hearts.

The Greek ancestors lived in an era where reality and fantasy could not be distinguished. In that era, every natural phenomenon was a god in human form, and every episode of life could be woven into a myth. As a romantic writer in the 19th century, Hawthorne added the color of the times to the dreams that were both real and illusory. He replaced moral education with humorous ridicule. During the conversation and laughter, he used the battle of dragon tooth warriors to insinuate the cannibalism of mankind. He used the victory of the dwarves to praise the unyielding courage, allowing the sunshine of joy and tranquility to shine into the hearts of readers. This book contains twelve popular classic stories such as "The Chimera, the Fire-Breathing Monster", "Medusa's Head", "The Golden Fleece", "Dragon Tooth Warrior" and "Three Golden Apples".

"Aesop's Fables" is a collection of ancient Greek fables circulated in the name of Aesop, an ancient Greek fable writer in the 6th century BC. The fables in it do not have complicated plots, but are lively, interesting, profound, and inspiring. They have always been loved by readers from all countries and at all levels. After thousands of years of circulation and evolution, there have been many versions of "Aesop's Fables", and "Aesop's Fables: 555" was compiled by the famous translator Huang Gaoxin on the basis of multiple versions and combining the strengths of various fables, bringing the number of fables to an unprecedented 555. These complex fables were divided into ten categories according to the protagonists of the stories, making them well-organized and easy to query and compare.

"Shishuoxinyu" was compiled by Liu Yiqing, King of Linchuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is a representative work of "note novels" in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and includes 36 categories in total. The book mainly records people and words, using short words to record the words, deeds and anecdotes of the scholar group from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It focuses on showing the turbulent and divided era of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and reflects the social atmosphere at that time that valued talent, good wit, good conversation, and respect for nature.

"Saga" is a unique literature in the Nordic region. Most of these stories are Icelandic myths and heroic legends, Viking expeditions, etc., Which are full of romanticism. The North is bitterly cold, the sunshine is bleak, the air is crisp and fresh, and the snow-like waves lap at the towering cliffs and icebergs; while in the short summer, the sky is blue and the plants are lush. It is this environment with strong contrast between cold and warm that gave birth to the simple and moving Icelandic sagas. This book contains the two saga "Son of Wiggin, Thorstein Saga" and "Fridtjof Saga of the Warrior" and Tegnell's poem "Frittjof Saga", which are all extraordinary works of that era. The book shows the ancient Nordic heroic era, with vivid characters, never surrendering, full of hope, and the arrogance and recklessness of the Nordic nation. The admiration of brave maritime plunder, the noble mind that values ​​honor, and the loyal belief in love are things that flow in the blood of the Vikings. These raw, rough and resolute stories are worthy of tribute by people of every era.

"The Myth of Sisyphus (Translated by Lin Humanities Selection)" is a concise reading expounding Camus's philosophical concepts and literary thoughts. It expresses the author's contempt and resistance to the eternal suffering fate of mankind. Sisyphus is an absurd hero. He devoted his whole body and soul to a fruitless cause, and this was the price that had to be paid for his infinite love for the earth. When Camus looked at this ancient mythological character in this way, the philosophical eye of existentialism entered the ancient mythology.

Beginning with "Preface to the Preface", it contains thirty-nine prefaces and was published in 1975. Borges had a unique opinion on literary style. He believed that "in the case of a slim majority, the preface is similar to a drunken speech or a funeral eulogy, irresponsibly exaggerated and suspicious of reading." He was determined to reform this genre. The discussion involves famous figures such as Shakespeare, Cervantes, and Whitman, as well as some writers forgotten by literary history, with the intention of rediscovering the value of their works.

A collection of poems created by Borges in 1976, containing thirty-five poems. The author has deep knowledge of the aesthetic theory and creative practice of poetry. He proposed that "every thing, no matter how brief and slight, will give us a special sense of beauty. Every word, even though it has existed for many centuries, can still start a new chapter and have an impact on the future." In this collection of poems, Borges strives to discover the unique beauty of things and the overlooked value of words, giving poetry richer connotations.

Collection of lectures. In May and June of 1978, Borges gave five lectures at the University of Belgrano in Argentina, on the topics of books, immortality, Emmanuel Swedenborg, detective novels, and time. The theme seems grand and abstract, but the author takes a different approach: talking about the history of books from the perspective of oral tradition, using poetry as a starting point to analyze the meaning of immortality, using Swedenborg to talk about the philosophical propositions of life and death, and hailing detective novels as saviors in a chaotic literary era. The basic metaphysical question of "time" runs throughout the five lessons.

"The Complete Works of Borges, Volume 2 (set of 12 volumes in total)" is a collection of Borges's poetry works, including a total of 12 works, including the first collection of poems "Passion of Buenos Aires" published by Borges at his own expense in 1923, as well as the collections of poems he published in the 1920s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, "The Moon Before Me: Notes of Saint Martin", "The Poet", "The Tiger's Gold", "Stories of the Night", "Days", etc. The poems written by Borges are "random metaphors, free writing or breaking the constraints of sonnets". They are more like a combination of poetry and prose. They are a major innovation in poetry genre, because compared to form, poetry is the most important: "For a true poet, every moment of life, Everything should be poetic, because that is what it is." "Everything - a comment, a farewell, an encounter, an interesting Arabic pattern on a playing card - can inspire beauty, and the poet's mission is to reflect this affectionate emotion in allegory or rhyme."

Contains sixty-four prefaces, published in 1988. "This set of books that I have roughly thought of and want to write a preface to is written to please people. I did not choose according to my own literary habits, nor according to a certain tradition, a certain school, a country or an era." Using only the beauty of literature as a criterion, Borges combined the books that he "cannot put down and want to share with others" into a private collection and wrote the preface. It not only discusses famous figures such as Dostoevsky, Flaubert, Wilde, and Kafka, but also discusses authors and works that are gradually being forgotten. There are South American novelists with whom the author is most familiar, as well as relatively unknown Japanese classical literature and Nordic epics.

A collection of essays, published in 1952, containing thirty-five essays, which are Borges's comments on his favorite works and writers. He discussed the spread of Confucian classics through the burning of books by the First Emperor of Qin, traced Kafka's aesthetic pioneers in Kafka's novels, searched for the spatiotemporal connection between individuals and groups in Keats's poems, and discovered the psychological trajectory of the collision of fantasy and reality from Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe. These unconventional aesthetic understandings show advanced perceptions.

A collection of novels, including nine short stories, which was published together with "The Garden of Forking Paths" as the "Fictional Collection" in 1944, continuing the theme of fictional legendary stories. On Christmas Eve in 1938, Borges hit his head on the window while going upstairs. The wound became infected and deteriorated into sepsis. He suffered from high fever, hallucinations, and aphasia. It took more than a month to recover. This experience of wandering between life and death became the author's "most proud story" in the collection of novels, "The South", which is also regarded as a turning point in Borges's writing. Since then, the complete elimination of the binary opposition between reality and fiction has become Borges's most common writing technique.