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This book contains 8 papers written by Kant between 1784 and 1797 (from 60 to 73 years old), including all of Kant's major works on historical philosophy and political philosophy. Germany at the end of the 18th century was still a divided and backward country compared to the advanced Western countries of the same period. Although capitalist production relations were developing, they still suffered from the severe constraints of the feudal system. This determines the special weakness of the German middle class. While Britain and France were taking revolutionary action to overthrow the feudal system, Germany was still taking only theoretical forms. Therefore, when discussing the German classical philosophy founded by Kant, the classic writer pointed out: "At the same time as the political revolution occurred in France, a philosophical revolution occurred in Germany. This revolution was started by Kant."

Greece was born out of the bloody conflict between Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire. In the approximately 300 years since 1718, Greece has built a modern nation-state on the ruins of a vanished civilization. After Roderick Beaton tells the story of the birth of the Greek nation-state at the beginning, he directly introduces the plot of the story into modern times and analyzes the grudges and resentments between Greece and other EU member states after the economic crisis. By examining in detail how Greeks understood their own shared identity, Beaton reveals centuries of Greek anxieties and insecurities about self-understanding. This is not only the story of the building of the Greek nation-state, but more fundamentally, the story of the collective identity that went hand in hand with the building of the nation-state; not only the history of major events and high politics, but also the history of culture, art, people and ideas. Beaton sees modern Greece as a living entity, a living entity, encouraging us to re-examine a people and history whose glorious past we have so long commemorated. The country and its people were struggling to build their future as part of the modern West. As an important country that affects the situation in Europe and a great country in the history of world civilization, Greece, between the East and the West, has too many mysteries, which this book will reveal one by one.

"Other Side of the Mountain: Captured German Generals Discuss World War II" is a unique history of World War II. Most of it comes from Liddell Hart's interrogation records of senior German generals in Nuremberg. Liddell Hart comprehensively and impartially collected the conversations with German generals such as Blumentritt, Rundstedt, Thoma, Kleist, Heinrich, Manteuffel, and Student, cutting out the redundant and concise, and interspersed his own analysis and conclusions in the account. He made the German generals the narrators of the course of World War II. This is the so-called "other side of the mountain" - referring to the psychology and military policies of the German army in World War II. This book not only records the most direct evidence of World War II, but readers can also feel the real atmosphere at that time and appreciate the details of the successes and failures of the war from the descriptions of the German generals. This book is quite readable and as exciting as "The History of World War II".

This volume focuses on the spatial cognition of European prehistoric peoples and their ability to transmit cartographic concepts through media such as petroglyphs; surveying, geodesy, and architectural plans in ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern cartography; the emergence of theoretical and practical cartographic knowledge in the Greco-Roman world; and the diverse cartographic traditions that coexisted during the medieval period. Moreover, by including cosmographic maps and celestial maps among the research objects, it emphasized the inclusiveness of the definition of "map", thereby getting rid of the traditional narrow research scope that only focused on land maps and nautical charts, and thus influenced the writing of subsequent volumes of the series. In addition, the book begins with "The Development of Maps and the History of Cartography" written by Harry as an introduction to the entire series, and Chapter 21, which serves as the conclusion, discusses the ruptures, cognitive transformations and social background in the development of European maps.

"The History of Cartography of Traditional Societies of East and Southeast Asia" is the second volume of the second volume of the "History of Cartography" series. The Chinese translation of this volume is divided into four parts. The first part first gives a brief summary of Asian prehistoric maps, mainly rock paintings, cosmological maps, and tomb maps; secondly, it is an overall introduction to East Asian cartography, which provides a high-level summary of the scope, terminology, content, academic history, methods and means of East Asian cartography, and the relationship between map images and texts. The second part is the history of Chinese cartography. From the aspects of political culture, measurement, art, and Westernization, it reflects and criticizes the previous research model of Chinese map history that focused on the quantitative end, and proposes a new paradigm for exploring ancient Chinese maps from multiple perspectives starting from the social culture on which they were produced. This part also discusses the ancient Chinese universe schema that has rarely been touched upon by predecessors. The third part is the history of cartography on the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Vietnam. Using time as a clue, it discusses the emergence and development of maps of different scales in various countries, and also analyzes the relevant social and historical background. The fourth part is the history of Southeast Asian cartography, which is divided into three parts: cosmological maps, geographical maps, and nautical maps. Starting from collection and organization, it conducts an in-depth and detailed analysis of the types and cartographic characteristics of the main existing maps in Southeast Asia. This book provides hundreds of rare high-definition pictures of ancient maps in China, more than 40 collection lists of ancient maps from various countries, and more than 100 pages of multilingual references and terminology entries. Excellent research and detailed information make this book a classic study of the history of traditional social cartography in this region to date.

This volume is a specific regional study. It describes and studies the cartography and map use during the Renaissance in Germany, the Low Countries, France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Scandinavia, East-Central Europe, and Russia, as well as the social basis and driving factors for the development of cartography, as well as the role of cartography development in society. The content of this book is informative and extensive. On the one hand, it presents in detail the important figures, map works and map drawing activities in various regions of Europe during the Renaissance, changing the previous narrative model that only focused on a few cartographers and works. At the same time, it also provides a detailed introduction to Ireland, Suzhou and other countries that have rarely been involved in the Chinese world. The history of map drawing and use in the Netherlands, Northern Europe, Hungary, Poland, Russia and other regions is also described and excavated as much as possible. It is of great enlightenment for us to understand the development process of cartography, geography, and even the entire scientific system and society during the European Renaissance in a three-dimensional and multi-dimensional way.

Perry Allison's grand European history series includes "The Transition from Antiquity to Feudal Society", "The Genealogy of Absolutist States", and "The New Old World". "The New Old World" is a masterpiece that directly addresses the core issues of European integration. It is also an essential reference book for researchers of the EU and European history. This book summarizes the origin, process and outcome of the European integration process in several core countries on the European continent since World War II; it also provides a detailed analysis of the political and cultural background of the formation of the common market in the three core countries of the European Union (Germany, France, and Italy). It also discusses many "Eastern issues" related to the interconnected issues between Turkey and Cyprus, traces the theoretical research and practical summary of European integration from the Enlightenment to the present, and looks forward to the future prospects of the European Union. "The Genealogy of Absolutist Countries" introduces the absolutist countries in Eastern and Western Europe: Spain, France, Prussia, Poland, etc., And attempts to reveal their different roles in the process of transformation to capitalism through a comparative study of the nature and development of absolutist countries in Europe. In the author's view, absolutism is a uniquely European phenomenon and is essentially still based on the aristocratic form of political power. However, capitalism in Western and Eastern European countries each has different historical characteristics and development trajectories, which lead to different development results. "The Transition from Antiquity to Feudalism" covers the evolution of European production methods, social structures and state forms in the long historical period from the formation of the ancient Greek slave state in the 8th century BC to the crisis of European feudalism in the 15th century AD.

This volume covers the period from 1450 to 1650, which has long been considered an extremely important period in the history of European cartography. The book first introduces the academic circles' discussions and reflections on the concept of "Renaissance" in recent years, and carefully analyzes the continuation and rupture between the maps of this period and the medieval maps, and introduces the role of maps in late medieval society, thus setting the tone for the writing of this volume. This volume discusses maps and Renaissance culture by topic; the drawing of cosmographic, nautical and celestial maps; the visual, mathematical and textual models used for map drawing; the relationship between literature and maps; the production and consumption of technology; maps and their role in national governance during the Renaissance; and finally discusses the history of cartography in Italian countries, Portugal, Spain, etc. As advances in science during the Renaissance, the use of classical mapping techniques, the emergence of new trade routes, and dramatic political and social changes fueled an explosion in map production and use, this volume, unlike other volumes, spends considerable space discussing maps in a variety of contexts and connections, resulting in some innovative interpretive monographs.

Why does China's black technology create Western hegemony? Why were the musket wars of the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties completely forgotten? How did Chinese artillery turn the tide and show its might in the Sino-Dutch War in 1661? How did Europe achieve overtaking in a corner and defeat China in the Opium War of 1840? From the alchemy furnace of the Tang Dynasty to the Beiyang flagship Dingyuan, China fell from glory to the abyss of humiliation. From the fall of Constantinople to the birth of the musket, Europe rose rapidly in the baptism of war. China and the West parted ways in terms of military structure. The Great Divergence subverted the economy, society, politics and civilization. The musket powder scattered under the spotlight of history ignited the flames of thought and illuminated technological changes. The unexpected fate from pills to guns echoes the Chinese military pattern in world history. From the forging of firearms to the clash of civilizations, reconstruct the true story of China in military history

"History of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties" is divided into upper and lower parts. The upper part is political history, including the rise and fall of dynasties, the causes and consequences of various major historical events, the success and failure of political facilities, and the relationship with ethnic minorities. The lower part is socioeconomic and cultural history, which is divided into the development of social economy, political system, ethnic territory, culture and academics, etc. This book presents the social, cultural, political and other aspects of this complicated historical period of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties from multiple angles.

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"The Construction of the Heartland" uses rich historical materials from multiple countries (including China, Japan, the United States, folk and official historical materials), and based on previous research, explores the social, economic and ecological changes in the North China hinterland from 1853 to 1937 in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and their causes. In the book, the author Pomeranz describes the social situation in the inland areas of North China, especially Henan, Shandong and other areas at that time, including a comprehensive description of the local finance, farming, transportation, taxation conditions and farmers' resistance struggles, and also compares the development of the inland and coastal areas of North China at that time. He believes that the development of social ecology and natural ecology in inland North China showed signs of decline during this period. Pomeranz not only painted a vivid and magnificent ecological portrait of the North China inland, but also used sociological theory, historical geography, social regional theory and other multiple perspectives to analyze the reasons for the decline of the North China inland. He pointed out that under the background of the country withdrawing from economic and policy support for local society and coastal areas, at this time, the inland of North China was encountering war and natural disasters, and decline was an inevitable result. China's hinterland is not inherently "backward"; this situation is more caused by the country and the current situation.

This book is the content of two lectures given by Konan Naito in 1911 and 1915 when he was teaching at Kyoto University. In 1911, when the Qing Dynasty was in turmoil, the author made an incisive and profound analysis of why the Qing Dynasty came to an end from three aspects: military strength, finance, and ideology, and made a bold and rational prediction of China's future destiny. In 1915, China had entered the period of the Republic of China. The author once again sorted out the history of the Qing Dynasty, from politics to art, spanning Confucian classics, history, and literature. Listening to Naito Honan's lecture on history, listening to a dusty past event, I gained a new understanding. When I opened the scroll, I realized that there is still such a way to read history, and there is still that way to study it.

He was the founder of the idea of ​​unification, the inventor of the title "Emperor", the founder of centralization, the builder of the Great Wall, the creator of the "Eighth Wonder of the World"... Qin Shihuang, this enigmatic man, how many controversies and myths did he leave behind? The Qin Empire, this glorious but short-lived dynasty, what role did it play in the long history? This book takes the mystery of Qin Shihuang as an entry point and gives a panoramic view of the politics, economy, military, agriculture, culture, society and other aspects of the great era. It can be said that one part about Qin Shihuang is half the history of Chinese civilization.

The book "Secret History of the Taiping Rebellion" deeply explores the little-known historical details and underlying motivations of the Taiping Rebellion in the late Qing Dynasty. The book not only details the glorious journey of Hong Xiuquan and others from the Jintian Uprising to the capital Tianjing, but also reveals the intricate power struggles, diplomatic strategies, and collisions and integrations with traditional social culture within this peasant uprising regime. Through the reinterpretation of a large number of historical materials, the book shows the ideals and practical dilemmas of the leaders of the Taiping Rebellion, as well as the profound impact of this movement on the course of Chinese history, presenting readers with a magnificent and mysterious historical picture.

Few things capture the sheer danger and desperation of a man in the deep like whaling. Eric Dolin begins his vivid account of Captain John Smith's failed whaling adventure in the New World in 1614. Subsequently, we will witness the rapid rise of an industry: from the brutal struggles of the American Revolution to the golden age of the mid-19th century, when a fleet of more than 700 whaling ships crisscrossed the oceans, and American whale oil illuminated the world. Eventually, it declined rapidly when the 20th century came. Looking back at the successes and travails of this great industry, and rich with true stories of whales and whalers, Leviathan tells the most original and exciting history of American whaling in decades.

In 1789, the French royal family was on the verge of bankruptcy, food harvests failed, prices soared, and public dissatisfaction boiled. King Louis XVI announced the convening of a national meeting of the three estates. After more than 170 years, the three major estates, the clergy, the nobility, and the common people, gathered together to discuss state affairs. The aristocratic Count Mirabeau entered Parliament as a civilian representative. He used his persuasive speeches and overwhelming charm to win himself the reputation of "The Lion of the Revolution." Robespierre, the representative of the third-class civilians, Desmoulins, the civilian lawyer, and others also emerged one after another, campaigning for France in pursuit of their respective ideals. On the road to revitalizing France, they faced many conflicts between the three major estates and the French king's indecision...

"Persian War" tells the story of the causes and consequences of the Persian War and the entire process, from the Persian emperor who was proficient in power and the Greek city-states who were keen on infighting, to the Spartan warriors who were militarized and perverted, and the Athenian politicians who flaunted good government. It wrote a majestic epic full of wildness. The most exciting thing about the book is the restoration of the thrilling and fierce battle scenes between the two sides. Whether it was the encounter between the two sides on the Plains of Marathon in 490 BC; or the bloody battle between 300 Spartan warriors and the "King of Kings" Xerxes at the Thermopylae Pass; or the naval battle of Salamis, where 1,200 Persian warships were completely defeated by 300 Athenian warships... Every scene is vividly depicted, as if the reader was on an ancient battlefield and saw it with his own eyes through armor. As the first international contest across Europe and Asia in the classical world, the Persian War marked the beginning of thousands of years of conflict between Eastern and Western civilizations. "Persian War" reproduces this civilizational struggle in the classical world from a new perspective. For readers who want to understand this period of history, this book is a highly anticipated introductory book.

A landmark masterpiece that fully interprets the four-thousand-year history of Jewish civilization and a masterpiece of Jewish glorious culture. What kind of people are the Jews? Why did they emerge? Why thrive? Why was his country destroyed and his family destroyed, and he was forced to wander around the world? Why are you repeatedly ostracized and persecuted? They are the chosen ones in their hearts, and they are also the wanderers that the countries of Western Europe in the Middle Ages competed to expel; they are respected and favored for creating ancient classics, global religions, and great ideas that benefit the world, but they are also expelled for being good at dancing and taking other people's cheese; they are rich men and geniuses. An artist, an outstanding political activist, a prisoner in a concentration camp, and a poor man in a ghetto... "Jews for Four Thousand Years" combines the latest archaeological discoveries and a variety of classic materials and texts to provide a wonderful and creative analysis of the wonderful and mysterious history of the Jewish nation from a time-traveling perspective. Through an in-depth analysis of the important figures and events at each historical node, a reasonable and complete logic is sorted out through the seemingly mysterious ups and downs of fate, and the important role played by the Jews in the development of mankind is demonstrated. The Jewish perseverance and extraordinary adaptability, the footprints left by Jewish civilization in the long process of development, and the ups and downs of four thousand years of Jewish history are brilliantly presented in Paul Johnson's majestic masterpiece of more than a thousand pages.

"History of World War II" The Second World War was the largest war in human history. No other war could compare to the areas affected by the war, the countries directly or indirectly involved, the loss of life and property, etc.; Its impact and impact were comprehensive and far-reaching, and deserve our attention and reflection. Among the works on the history of World War II, Liddell Hart's book is undoubtedly one of the most comprehensive works. The author relied on his personal military experience, rich information documents, and interview records of the parties involved, and spent 22 years to complete this masterpiece. This book contains detailed descriptions of the major and minor battles in World War II that lasted for six years. In addition, the author provides a calm and objective analysis and reflection on this period of history. People often say that "history is a mirror." This book can enable readers to learn about the past and understand the present. The truth of history still has a warning significance today.

The author details the fall of Poland, the battle conditions on the French front, and the ravages of the Nordic countries. In addition, as the British Lord of the Admiralty at the time, the author keenly observed the importance of naval warfare in the upcoming war. Therefore, relevant equipment and personnel were carefully prepared in advance, and he also specifically mentioned the importance of magnetic mines in naval warfare. The author gives a thorough description of the haze that permeated Europe due to Nazi Germany's "tyranny" in the early days of the war, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the real scene of the "dark and unclear war".

"Queen Eugenie: A History of the Second French Empire" consists of two volumes and is the representative work of Albert Saint-Amand, the founder of academic research on the history of the Second French Empire. It takes the ups and downs and magnificent life of Eugenie, the most beautiful woman in Europe and a queen of the Second French Empire, as the main line. It shows the rise, decline and fall of the Second French Empire in a wide-angle, multi-level and all-round way. It uses detailed historical materials to objectively and in-depth interpret Empress Eugenie's influence on Napoleon III's domestic affairs, foreign affairs and economic decisions. The influence of economic, cultural and military decisions completely changed the "one-sided" trend in the field of historical research on the French Second Empire of attributing the demise of the Second French Empire to Queen Eugenie's involvement in politics. It opened up a new direction for the research on the history of the Second French Empire. It is an academic masterpiece highly recognized by the European historians, especially the French historians.

This book mainly tells the story of how after the Battle of Blenheim, through the Battle of Gibraltar and the Battle of Lamie, the tide of the War of Spanish Succession was reversed, the French army suffered heavy losses, and England gained a new status in Europe. Internally, Queen Anne mediated between the two parties and pushed against all opinions to implement her own policies. Externally, England and Scotland reached a union, signed the Treaty of Union, and Great Britain was formally formed. This book includes a total of nineteen chapters including the defense of Gibraltar, the Earl of Peterborough's conquest of Barcelona, ​​the Battle of Lamy, the situation in Scotland during Anne's period, the signing of the Treaty of Union, the frustration of the anti-French alliance, and the Battle of Oudenaarde.

After Japan's war of aggression against China officially began in 1937, Chinese patriots joined the anti-Japanese revolutionary torrent one after another. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek's "Jinyiwei" - the Military Command Bureau also launched a secret war with the Wang Puppet No. 76 Spy organization. This book details this unseen war, giving readers a clear understanding of that foggy history. During the Republic of China, three major spy organizations launched an Infernal Affairs campaign on a battlefield where no gunpowder could be seen.

This is a critical biography that retraces Lu Xun's life from the experience and perspective of traveling through East Asian cities. This book is dedicated to describing Lu Xun as a modern urban lifer who loved Hollywood movies, and explores how his works became common modern classics in East Asia and were accepted by East Asian readers. On the one hand, it focuses on Lu Xun's urban "roaming". Lu Xun spent his life in Nanjing, Tokyo, Sendai, Beijing, and Shanghai. Using a cross-cultural perspective, the author pays attention to the internal consistency between East Asia's focus on European and American new trends and the establishment of modern countries in the early 20th century and Lu Xun's personal practice. He grasps the consistency between Lu Xun's literary creation and the themes of the times, and looks at modern China from Lu Xun's perspective. On the other hand, on the basis of the above, we will further expand and deepen it, and use the method of comparative literature to explore Lu Xun's reception in Japan and even East Asia. This study of East Asia's "modern classics" is an excellent example of looking at China from outside the region.

This book contains interviews with more than a hundred witnesses of World War II, many of whom were members of the Nazi Party who were directly involved in Nazi rule. With his unique perspective, the author faithfully reproduces the inner workings of the Nazi regime and the cruelty of the Soviet-German battlefield in World War II, thereby vividly presenting the Nazis' anti-human and brutal nature to readers. This book is an in-depth insight into the chilling Nazi psychology, breaking people's basic understanding of the Nazi system in the past. The incredible narratives that come to life on paper demonstrate that that evil history serves as a warning to mankind at all times.

"Historical Records: Biographies" are the life stories of representatives of various aspects besides emperors and princes, as well as biographies of ethnic minorities. The more than seventy "Biographies" have concise and concise language and strong logic, making historical figures flesh and blood and lifelike, and historical events vivid, interesting and exciting.

"Historical Records: Benji" mainly writes about emperors, and almost every emperor has its own chapter. Even Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, although he did not officially proclaim himself emperor, Sima Qian also gave a comprehensive outline and narration of it, which was brilliant and touching. These representative character stories or historical events, as well as the emperor's courage and strategy, reflect the historical development and evolution of China's feudal society and the trajectory of the rise and fall of dynasties.

The valuable thing about Mr. Huang Renyu is that he has always grasped the ultimate goal of history of "caring for life and guiding the future". He has always grasped the ultimate goal of history of "caring for life and guiding the future". Readers often feel disappointed when faced with the master's profound and profound works. This book is based on the works of Mr. Huang Renyu. Through the author's own research and understanding of Mr. Huang Renyu, this book condenses the master's academic thoughts and scholarly spirit into popular text, helping readers to better and more deeply understand Mr. Huang Renyu's "big historical view" and other related works.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Europe was prosperous and peaceful. Suddenly, the Europeans who had enjoyed all this were dragged into the Great War, experiencing deep suffering, sorrow and fear. After the Napoleonic Wars, Europe had been at the pinnacle of civilization for nearly a hundred years, but now it suddenly fell into the abyss of barbarism. The 20th century, which opened with the praises of civilization, turned into a century of war. From 1914 to 1949, Europe experienced two brutal wars in succession, and seemed determined to destroy itself. It was a time of great chaos. Ethnic hatred, territorial disputes, class conflicts, and economic crises have poisoned politics. Under the haze of war, the evil of human nature is revealed through machines and technology. It was also a time of great change. After the two wars, Europe, which had gone through hell, tried to be reborn on the ruins of humanity and civilization, and the outline of a new Europe gradually became clear. In the first half of the 20th century, Europe went to hell and was reborn. After this chilling history, the world we live in is moving forward bearing its mark.

The Decline of the West is a provocative and controversial book that strikes a blow against an age of complacency and blindness. While the Arab world is struggling for democracy, and while China is striving to move from economic liberalization to a society governed by the rule of law, European and American societies are squandering centuries of accumulated institutional advantages. Ferguson warned that if we want to curb the declining trend of the civilization that once dominated the world in Western society, we can only rely on strong leadership and drastic reforms.

This is a fluent and beautiful collection of "stories" with vivid narration and is very popular around the world. This set contains volumes 6-11, including "Religious Reformation", "The Age of the Beginning of Reason", "The Age of Louis XIV", "The Age of Voltaire", "Rousseau and the Revolution (Volume 1 and 2)", and "The Age of Napoleon (Volume 1 and 2)".

This book is a classic anthology of Wilde's fairy tales, including his popular classics such as "The Nightingale and the Rose", "The Happy Prince", "The Giant's Garden", "The Faithful Friend", "The Famous Rocket" and "The Star Child". These works were translated by Lin Huiyin, a talented woman during the Republic of China. Lin Huiyin's writing is beautiful, natural, full of aura, and full of quiet feminine beauty. It includes Lin Huiyin's translation of "The Nightingale and the Rose" and her play "Mei Zhen and Them" as well as some letters.

The English's long and violent attempt to dismember the continent's most powerful nation produced one of the most profound chapters in European history. The Hundred Years' War series by Jonathan Samshin, winner of the Wolfson History Prize, explains in detail this period of history related to the national destiny of Britain and France. "The Trial of War" tells only the beginning of this legend: it began with the funeral of King Charles IV of France in 1328 and ended with the surrender of the Calais garrison in 1347. Through the Battle of Sluys, the Battle of Crecy and the Siege of Calais, Edward III gained a reputation as a great military leader. However, the great test of the true meaning of Britain and France has only just begun.

"The Age of Faith" is the fourth volume of the "The Story of Civilization" series of "Utopia Classics Hall". The medieval era from AD 325 to 1300 saw the convergence and excitement of four different cultures: Byzantium, Islam, Judaism and Western Europe. Vast areas of the world continued to live under the banner and rule of faith, while Western Europe sailed into a remote sea of ​​reason. People in the Middle Ages were first victims of barbarism, then became barbaric conquerors, and then became the creators of new civilizations. The end of the completely rich phase of its civilization in the Middle Ages was the basis of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The medieval legacy contains both good and evil. We have not recovered from the Dark Ages. In this sense, modernization is a coat worn on medievalism.

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"Renaissance" is the fifth volume of the "The Story of Civilization" series of "Utopia Classics Hall". From Petrarch to Machiavelli, from Leonardo da Vinci to Michelangelo, Italians are tired of original sin, recognize the health and loveliness of life, praise joy, and no longer care about death. The sunshine of the Italian spirit penetrated the thick fog of the north, liberating men and women from the prison of medieval fear, admiring beauty in all its forms, filling the air with the joy of resurrection. This great revival lasted for centuries. It was not until the 16th century that the Renaissance withered in Italy, and revival blossomed in France, Germany, the Netherlands, England and Spain. The Renaissance is not a period in time, but a way of life and thought that spread from Italy to all of Europe through the influence of commerce and war.

"The Age of Reason Begins" is the seventh volume of the "Utopia Classics Museum" series "The Story of Civilization". The period from the accession of Elizabeth I to the end of the Thirty Years' War is a key chapter in understanding modern Europe. Its basic development was the rise of nation-state sovereignty, and the decline of theology and papal power. The results of the Reformation began to appear in European countries. Disputes continued between countries and among various religious factions within the country. The whole of Europe was involved in the terrible "Thirty Years' War." Amid the rift of faith collapse, more and more people are turning to science and philosophy to explore the answers to life. This is the era of Shakespeare, Rembrandt, and Cervantes, as well as the era of Bacon, Galileo, Bruno, and Descartes. It is an era of radiant humanity and an era of rational awakening. The battle between faith and reason that is changing the hearts of Europe and even the world is rising.

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This book traces the history of Prussia's participation in religious conflicts and political competition on the European continent: from the destruction of the Thirty Years' War to the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire, from King Frederick the Great's Enlightenment to Napoleon's devastating conquests, from Bismarck's iron-blooded policy to the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, and the impact of all this on the turbulent 20th century. Prussia was once considered the cause of Europe's two wars in the first half of the 20th century, but Clark shows us how this country made an immeasurable contribution to the fate of Western civilization. People often forget that Prussia was once a model of European humanistic tradition. It had an efficient government, a clean civil service and a tradition of religious tolerance. It was considered to have the mission of leading the unification and prosperity of Germany. "The Iron Kingdom" is an authoritative work on the key role played by Prussia in modern history. Christopher Clark uses delicate writing, rigorous logic, profound thinking and comprehensive examination to tell the fascinating and ups and downs of this country and the Hohenzollern dynasty for more than 300 years.

This book tells the history of the German Third Reich from its origins in the late 19th century to its catastrophic destruction in the mid-20th century. Using time as the axis, the author explains in detail the rise of Hitler, the rise of the Nazi Party and its path to power, as well as how Hitler led Germany step by step into war and ultimately destruction. On the basis of historical narration, the author not only discusses the magical power of Nazism and the actual operation of the Nazi German system, but also raises many difficult problems related to the Holocaust and the dilemma of Germans' confession in the conclusion, thus raising the historical height of the book and leading readers to a higher level of thinking about human issues.

In January 1417, book hunter Poggio Bracciolini took down an extremely old manuscript from a dusty bookshelf in a remote monastery, and inadvertently awakened a work that had been hidden for thousands of years - Lucretius's On the Nature of Things. This long Latin poem with extremely beautiful writing sparked huge discussions and deeply influenced artists, thinkers, writers, and scientists such as Botticelli, Bruno, Galileo, Freud, Darwin, Montaigne, Shakespeare, and Einstein. It also left its traces in the Declaration of Independence by Jefferson. Stephen Greenblatt tells this fascinating but little-known Renaissance adventure in The Big Turn. He believed that it was the reappearance of "On the Nature of Things" that opened the door for Western civilization to move toward modernity, and thus changed the history of all mankind.

"Historical Records" is a biographical history book written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty. It is the first biographical general history in Chinese history. It records a history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary Huangdi era to the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records" is listed as the first of the "Twenty-Four Histories", and together with the later "Hanshu", "Later Hanshu" and "Three Kingdoms", they are collectively known as the "First Four Histories". It has had a profound impact on the development of later historiography and literature. His pioneering method of chronicling historiography was passed down by the "official histories" of subsequent dynasties. "Historical Records" is also considered an excellent literary work, playing an important role in the history of Chinese literature. It was praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the unrhymed "Li Sao"" and has high literary value. Liu Xiang and others believe that this book is "good at explaining things, argumentative but not flashy, and qualitative but not slangy".

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This book contains historical articles by the famous scholar Mr. Zhang Yuanji. He draws from classics and history, quotes from other sources, and is smooth and profound, casual and ingenious, and writes essays with generous handwriting.

The first volume of this book (chapters 1 to 14) is divided into four parts: Saxon invasion, Scandinavian invasion, Norman conquest, and the consolidation and development of the Anglo-Norman dynasty in England. This period of history witnessed the early turmoil, division and reunification of England. If you want to have a deeper understanding of the culture of England today, this history is an indispensable cornerstone. Among them, the most noteworthy thing is that in the last three chapters of this volume, the author deliberately describes the rise and decline of the Angevin dynasty, explains the origin of the contradiction between Britain and France, and lays the groundwork for the Hundred Years War between Britain and France, which dominates the second volume.

Cold War, the most gripping nonfiction book of the year, gives us an unprecedented sense of what it was like to be in a world on the verge of destruction. Here's the truth behind all the spy novels you've read: why the United States and the Soviet Union were at a standoff; how close we came to nuclear catastrophe; what contemporary leaders, from Stalin to Mao, Reagan to Gorbachev, had in mind; how intelligence agents plotted, and how East German vacationers contributed to the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a story about crisis talk, excuses, tyrants and power struggles, and ordinary people changing the course of history.

"The Country in Blue Robes" tells the real life of Chinese people in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this book, Mrs. Lide observed the clothing, food, housing, transportation, customs, habits, and thoughts and characters of the Chinese people at that time. She traveled around the country and saw the pastoral scenery, street conditions, and the quiet changes that took place in the Chinese people after the penetration of Western lifestyles. She also saw the lives and experiences of foreign expatriates in China and their relationships with ordinary Chinese people.

Types other than monster-killing and upgrading, group portraits, plot direction Machines and elves, powers and swords, all gathered in this wasteland Things that seem contradictory coexist harmoniously After the third extinction of mankind, the world has moved forward for another thousand years When Qin Feng picks up the technology of the third era, the world will make waves again

Exploring the roots and origins, collecting splendid cultures from home and abroad; talking about the past and the present, and acquiring rich knowledge about the past and present. Human civilization is long and distant. If you want to understand its development process, you must not understand history and master necessary historical common sense. Only by mastering the profound heritage behind historical common sense can we improve our interpretation and grasp of history and even reality, and can we keep pace with the times and adapt to social trends in the face of new challenges.