Starting from 1644

No, everyone wants to criticize him. It's the writing style of his last book that is really problematic. I remember that last year, I was looking for novels of this type. After reading six or seven novels, the writing style was not good. When I saw him, I just tolerated it. Well, I could barely read it. Now I have read too many novels with good writing style, and it is a bit difficult to accept it when I read it again. I saw at 7 o'clock that there are many novels that have just been written, and the writing style of the first one is better than that of many old authors. Many people

Instead of writing good old books, you start publishing new ones. Although there are a lot of trolls and trolls about old books, and there are a few full subscriptions, this is not the reason why you keep publishing new books.

This journal records the annual expenses of a county in the Qing Dynasty  Yangyang Fish 04-20 16:01:51 Already followed Related recommendations  Feng Lunfeng Ma Niu Flip "Feng Lun Feng Ma Niu", listen to jokes after drinking with Uncle Feng, and walk to see the world. + Follow  Geographic History Museum Share knowledge and information on geography and history. + Follow  History University Hall Read micro publications and understand history in one minute. + Follow  Yuyun talks about history and the present Focus on history for two weeks + Follow  Listening to the historical perspective Creators in the field of history + Follow  Looking for the Spring and Autumn History short video Looking for the footprints of history + Follow  The Soul of the Tang Dynasty Do not talk about nihilistic theories, only talk about historical examples. + Follow  Historical Notes by Hussere Learn from history, avoid detours, and cross the river by touching Europe and the United States, only then can you show the true nature of a great country + Follow  Official History Talk Read official history, learn the right principles, do right things, and a warm historical interpretation. + Follow  I say Interesting reading for young people! + Follow In the period of feudal dictatorship, bureaucratic corruption was inevitable. This was a flaw of the system itself. If the emperor has great power, the power of corruption will be small. However, he turns a blind eye to the power of officials. Although previous dynasties failed to fundamentally solve the problem of corrupt officials, the situation in the Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty was much better. This does not mean that the quality of officials in the Qing Dynasty was higher than that of the Qing Dynasty, but that it lies in the country's financial system. The source is transportation and storage During the Ming Dynasty, the taxes of various states and counties were determined by the censors of the Ministry of Personnel. During this period, the taxes of various places were stipulated by the imperial court. Every spring and autumn, they would be collected according to a certain amount. The so-called "making a fortune" refers to part of the money handed over by the state government to the Ministry of Household Affairs, while "deposits" refer to local expenditures.  When we examine the treasury of the Ming Dynasty, we will know that the tax revenue of the Ming Dynasty is far lower than that of the Qing Dynasty, which is hundreds of thousands of taels of silver a year. In the Ming Dynasty, half of the taxation was currency and half was food, while in the Qing Dynasty, there were two types. Therefore, there was a big gap between the two. But you must know that most of the money left by the Ming Dynasty was used for local governments, and the remainder was only about one-third. In other words, the local states, counties and even the three major treasurers have sufficient funds and do not have to pay for it themselves. The situation in the Qing Dynasty was quite different. From the end of Shunzhi to the beginning of Kangxi, the size of the government dropped from one-half to less than 80%. As a result, the funds in various places were unable to maintain daily expenses, so state, county and lower-level officials had to pay for themselves. Obviously, Qianli made the decision just for money, and it was impossible to pay for it himself, so there were all kinds of extra dispatches, additional taxes, and burning money.  Take Pingshan County at the beginning of Shunzhi as an example. At that time, this county still had 6,796 taels of silver. It continued to decline in the following years, and it was only in the 20th year of Kangxi that it dropped to 1,596 taels. In Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, at the beginning of Shunzhi, there were 12,273 taels of silver, but by the middle of Kangxi, the number dropped to 4,738 taels. Nanchang County is the first county in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and is the poorest county. With a population of more than 100,000, the annual salary is only 4,738 taels, which is not even comparable to the income of a large landowner. As you can imagine, this is a huge financial burden. Because the savings are not enough, we must save as much as possible. As far as we know, the monthly salary of a county magistrate in the Qing Dynasty was only forty-five taels. In fact, this is not entirely true. In the early days of Shunzhi, the annual salary of Dingzhi County was 63.49 Taels, and that of the county magistrate was 48.202 Taels. Later, the monthly salary of the county magistrate increased from forty-five taels to that of the county magistrate. Similarly, the salaries and benefits of other officials in the county magistrate's office are also decreasing day by day. What are deposits used for? After experiencing large-scale streamlining during the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods, the prefectures and counties in the Qing Dynasty have stabilized. From Yongzheng, Qianlong and even the late Qing Dynasty, although there were slight adjustments, the overall changes were not significant. In order to ascertain the precise use of the reserves of the various states and counties, it is necessary to prepare an account more directly.  The actual expenditures in the 23rd year of Jiajing in Yongqing County, Shuntian Road are: 1. Official salary: county magistrate 45 taels, county magistrate 80 taels, county magistrate 80 taels, code official 31 taels, county magistrate 80 taels, county government school 80 taels, a total of 236.52 Taels. 2. Food for officials: concierge, servants, minzhuang, wuzuo, guard, horse driver, sedan bearer, Douchi, Kuding, shop driver, watchman, fireman, trumpeter, Tiantanhu, Zhaifu, Xiannongtanhu, groom, doorman, cook and Zhaifu, a total of 137 people, the food cost is 1181. 893 Taels; 3. Sacrifice: 10 taels of silver in the Confucian Temple, 40 taels of silver in the Confucian Temple, 39 taels in the Wenchang Temple, 40 taels in the Guan Temple, 10 taels for the three major offerings, one tael for the eight major offerings, 5 taels for repairing the Dragon Pavilion, and 8 taels for the countryside toast, a total of one hundred seventy-nine and forty-nine taels. 4. Poverty alleviation expenditure: 3 taels of Shi Xian Shu silver, 64 taels for Linsheng, 43.2 Taels of orphan grain, 3.34 Taels of orphan grain, 3.34 Taels of orphan grain, 113.54 Tael;  5. Examiner: The banner of Gongsheng is five yuan and fifty taels, the Juren who participated in the examination are 3,333 taels, the Jurenfang silver is 666 taels, the Jurenfang silver is 33 taels, the Wujinshi red flag is 666 taels, and the number one scholar banquet is 2 taels, for a total of 991 taels. 6. Station cost: two hundred and eighty-four taels. These six items total 2089.373 Taels. Those who are familiar with Qing history may notice that one item seems to be missing from this account, namely the frugal expenditures of the county magistrate and other officials. Since the fifth year of Qianlong's reign, various localities have successively implemented the policy of "promoting integrity", and these funds were initially paid from state and county bank treasury. However, starting from the 16th year of the Qing Dynasty, the "incorruption" of state and county officials changed from the original "incorruption" to "regular" to "distribution". Yongqing County is not a good place. After one year, the tax paid is about 23,564 taels, but only 2,089 taels of silver, not even one-tenth. Obviously, this amount of money is not enough to support the expenses of a county. How many taxes can Yongqing County have in a year? For another example, in the 21st year of Jiaqing, his taxes reached 49,852 taels, which was double the amount required. Part of the remaining money was used locally, and the other part was pocketed by the magistrate and other senior officials. The magistrate made a total of more than 3,000 taels. This is called "bad rules".  Yangyangyu Already followed Author: Yangyangyu Related recommendations  Feng Lunfeng Ma Niu Flip the card "Feng Lun Feng Ma Niu", listen to jokes after drinking with Uncle Feng, and walk to see the world. + Follow  Geographic History Museum Share knowledge and information on geography and history. + Follow  History University Hall Read micro publications and understand history in one minute. + Follow  Yuyun talks about history and the present Focus on history for two weeks + Follow  Listening to the historical perspective Creators in the field of history + Follow  Looking for the Spring and Autumn History short video Looking for the footprints of history + Follow  The Soul of the Tang Dynasty Do not talk about nihilistic theories, only talk about historical examples. + Follow  Historical Notes by Hussere Learn from history, avoid detours, and cross the river by touching Europe and the United States, only then can you show the true nature of a great country + Follow  Official History Talk Read official history, learn the right principles, do right things, and a warm historical interpretation. + Follow  I say Interesting reading for young people! + Follow