Novels like Terminally Ill and Near Death, I’m Kept Alive by a Yandere Empress
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as Terminally Ill and Near Death, I’m Kept Alive by a Yandere Empress, best match first.
- 101 My Yandere School Beauty Girlfriend Is Seriously Fierce 我的病娇校花女友超凶 Su Ran got confessed to. By the campus belle. “Su Ran, I like you. Be my boyfriend.” “I like you too. Could you take the knife away from my neck first...” This book is toxic. Go easy on it. 12Reads6.9Score—14d adds
- 102 Obsessive Love: I Got Kidnapped by a Ruthless Female CEO 病娇强爱：我竟被霸道女总裁绑架 [Sick, obsessive heiress of a financial dynasty + possessive husband-locking + entertainment industry] “You're mine in life and my corpse in death. You can't escape me!” “Anyone who's ever hurt you, and every woman who gets near you, deserves to die. They all have to die!” “Feng Yu, don't be afraid... You'll always be mine. I'll love you forever, until...” “I'll haunt you even after I'm dead.” Feng Yu died after his ex-girlfriend and her lover poisoned him together. They even insulted him and tr 370Reads—Score—14d adds
- 103 My Girlfriends Come After Me with Dangerous Love 女友们带着危险的爱向我而来 [Yandere] [Husband Chases His Husband] This is a slow-burn yandere story, but it’s guaranteed to be satisfying. Lin Fan, the young master of the Lin family, is a rich playboy who never applies himself to his studies. He enjoys using his money and good looks to deceive respectable women. Then karma catches up with him, and he gets hit by a truck. But instead of dying, he transmigrates to another world. In a world almost identical to his own, he naturally gets a System too: a flirtation system. Li 89Reads—Score—14d adds
- 104 I Signed an Unfair Contract, and Now a Yandere Heiress Won’t Leave Me Alone 签下不平等条约，病娇财阀缠上我 1. For three years, Party B shall be deemed to have surrendered all personal dignity and must obey Party A completely. 2. Party B must carry out every order from Party A unconditionally. If Party A wants to see Party B, Party B must immediately stop whatever they are doing and hurry to the place designated by Party A. 3. Party A has the right to restrict Party B’s daily routine and activities outside the home, including sleeping, washing their face, and brushing their teeth. 4… … 66… An Yueyao 20Reads5.5Score—14d adds
- 105 Help! My Girlfriend Is Yandere 救命！我的女友是病娇 A transfer student arrives at school. In front of everyone, she's gentle as a spring breeze and moves with elegance... But once the crowd disperses, a yandere smile spreads across her face. “Oh my god, leave me alone...” “Stop right there! I've decided you're mine!” The school's academic affairs director expels Qiu Ye on a trumped-up charge. But moments later, the principal's office receives a call from the municipal education bureau... “You damn well better bring him back!” 191Reads5.6Score—14d adds
- 106 The Sickly Campus Belle Is Flirting Like Crazy, Oh My God! Help! 病态校花疯狂撩，天呐！救命！ Obsessive school beauty + a chase with no escape + forced pampering + overwhelming possessiveness To Qin Xuan, the school beauty Ouyang Xue is a madwoman, a witch straight out of his nightmares. Her pathological possessiveness torments Qin Xuan until he’d rather be dead. Even kindly helping a woman over eighty cross the street is enough to make Ouyang Xue attack him. According to Ouyang Xue, just because a woman is old doesn’t mean she isn’t a woman. Qin Xuan isn’t allowed to interact with any w 1.6kReads6.7Score14914d adds
- 107 Who Says Yanderes Are Bad? This One Is Amazing 谁说病娇不好啊，这病娇太棒了 A mysterious power descended, and the System took control of the world. Everyone had to undergo trials, where only the strongest survived. Zhang Qian caught the Goddess of Luck’s eye, and from then on, trials felt like a game. But getting the yandere-favorite talent from the start seemed like a bad thing, didn’t it? After encountering all kinds of yanderes, Zhang Qian sighed, “Who says yanderes are no good? They’re absolutely wonderful!” 7Reads5.5Score—14d adds
- 108 My Sisters Are Acting Strange. Have They All Become Yanderes? 妹妹有点不对劲，她们成病娇了？ (Yandere) (Love rivals) (Multiple heroines) (Strong heroines, weak hero) (The heroines are strong in every sense) (A newcomer’s second book) Wei Lihan is just an ordinary college student. At home, his favorite things are playing video games and letting his imagination run wild. But one ordinary day, his father, who had found himself a stepmother from Neon, called to tell him that his younger sister, who lived far away in Neon, was coming to visit. She was also transferring to his university so t 283Reads7.4Score—14d adds
- 109 I'm Already Dead, So You Yandere Empresses, Please Behave Yourselves 我人都嘎了，各位病娇女帝请自重 Lin Yifan transmigrates into a fantasy novel as the villain, burdened with the Samsara System. As long as he maxes out each heroine’s affection for him, then dies and leaves, he’ll receive generous rewards. And so Lin Yifan embarks on a journey of trials and tribulations, a path of inevitable bloodshed. But just as he completes every cycle and vanishes from the world, the System suddenly issues the “Yandere Heroine Development Plan.” When Lin Yifan wonders how to turn the heroines into yanderes, 88Reads7.3Score—14d adds
- 110 On the First Day of School, My Tsundere Childhood Friend Blocked My Door and Forced Me to Marry Her 开学当天，我被傲娇青梅堵门逼婚 (No rebirth) + (No System) + (Everyday life) + (Multiple heroines) + (Urban romance) Su Yi watched the girl he’d secretly loved for three years accept someone else’s confession at their high school graduation ceremony. Heartbroken, he began throwing his life away. His good friend Zhou Hao couldn’t bear to see him stay down forever, so he took Su Yi and his younger sister on a trip to Yuanyuanjiang. Along the way, they happened upon Cheng Qidian, a sweet girl who was also a new student at Southe 832Reads8.0Score10414d adds
- 111 A Guide to Winning Over a Yandere Catgirl 病娇猫娘攻略手册 A Guide to Romancing Yandere Catgirls 7Reads—Score—14d adds
- 112 A Guide to Winning Over a Yandere Little Girl 病娇萝莉的攻略手册 A Guide to Romancing Yandere Lolis 6Reads—Score—14d adds
- 113 The Yandere CEO Tames Her Sweet Little Husband 病娇女霸总驯服小娇夫 [Possessive love + forced romance + strong female lead and weaker male lead + wealthy family + matriarchy + reborn] Senior-year student Baili Ji is out shopping with his girlfriend when a custom Rolls-Royce Phantom suddenly blocks their way. Inside is Su Wanqing, head of the country's most powerful financial dynasty. Stranger still, she spots Baili Ji in the crowd, takes his arm with an air of command, and declares that he's her husband. Baili Ji is completely baffled. This is the first time he' 27Reads6.3Score—14d adds
- 114 After the System Left, My Yandere Made Life Anything but Simple 系统走后，病娇让我的生活不简单 [Everyone Is Yandere] [Slow Burn] Qian Fanxing is at her wit’s end. She never expected that after completing her mission, not only would she miss out on exchanging for the grand prize, but her System would disappear too. Still, it doesn’t matter. The System said it would come back. “Then I’m going to slack off for now. Being a workaholic isn’t all it’s cracked up to be.” What Qian Fanxing, now content to laze around, never expected was that the others would regain their memories. “You... Don’t c 1.6kReads8.5Score11214d adds
- 115 Help! I Have Seven Ex-Girlfriends, Each with a Different Kind of Yandere 救命我有7位不同风格病娇前女友 [Yandere + love triangle + sweet romance and daily life + ex-girlfriends + winning back his love + varied styles + lighthearted comedy] Before transmigrating, Jiang Fan played a dating sim where a shut-in guy could win over beautiful girls. Once he successfully wooed them and then broke up with them, they would turn into yanderes! After he successfully wooed and broke up with all of them, he unexpectedly transmigrated into the game world. The beautiful girls, each with a different style, had all 65Reads7.8Score—14d adds
- 116 After Marrying the Vegetative Female Lead, I Became the Target of a Yandere 迎娶植物人女主后，我被病娇盯上 [No System + Multiple Yanderes + Romantic Rivalry + Disciples Defying Their Master] My name is Jiang Yan. My CEO girlfriend stabbed me, then slit her wrists and joined me in death. In the final moments of my life, I prayed that if I ever got another life, I would never meet her again! Then I transmigrated. The legitimate daughter of the Duke of Dingyuan had become a vegetable after an accident, and I was the only candidate to marry her for good luck and be buried with her. Everyone around me fel 252Reads7.8Score—14d adds
- 117 I Am Reborn as the Master of a Yandere Demoness 我是病娇女魔头的师尊转世 I Am Reincarnated as the Master of a Yandere Demoness 113Reads—Score—14d adds
- 118 The Romantic Comedy Protagonist Won't Accidentally Stumble into a Yandere Love Triangle 恋爱喜剧男主不会误入病娇修罗场 Originally titled: Back to School: Falling into a Yandere Love Triangle; The Romantic Comedy Hero Must Not Fall into a Yandere Love Triangle The problematic elements have all been revised according to readers’ suggestions! (Yandere + Multiple heroines + Campus beauties + Comedy) No System, not reborn. Everyday life keeps turning into a yandere love triangle. He goes to college, and all the campus beauties around him become yandere girls! Even his younger sister has been raised into one! Chen Nin 273Reads6.3Score—14d adds
- 119 My Future Wife Is a Yandere! 未来老婆是病娇！ [The main story is complete] [One Heroine + Yandere + Forced Love + Captivity + Everyday Life + No System + Extremely Sweet] Just as recent graduate Jiang You was down on his luck and struggling to find work, a beautiful woman who claimed to be his future wife took him home. He never imagined that behind her gentle, adorable facade, she was a total yandere. When she was in a good mood, it was “Hubby, hubby!” When she was in a bad mood, it was “Die, die!” Xu Tian: “I’ll be your wife in the future 4.5kReads8.4Score44014d adds
- 120 Raising the Ultimate Boss in a Crazy Girl's Game 在疯批女游，养成终极大BOSS [Fantasy + Romance + Character Growth + Upending the Natural Order + 1v1 + Slice of Life + Redemption] Lan En opens his eyes and finds himself an extra in another world. But the plot has gone completely off the rails! Weren't the female lead supposed to win over the six male leads? Instead, there's only a pitiful ten-year-old girl with gray hair, filthy as a stray cat, kneeling before a statue and trembling. “Your Eminence, the priest... may I pray?” Memories of his past life come crashing back —Reads—Score2.6k14d adds
- 121 After the Heroine Turned Evil, She Trained the Hero Like a Dog 女主黑化后，把男主训成狗了 My new work is out! You're welcome to read it on Tomato Novel. I hope you'll enjoy it. Your support inspires me to write, and I'll do my best to tell every story well! —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 122 Yandere: Captured by the Ice-Cold Sword Immortal and Corrupted Beyond Redemption 病娇：被高冷剑仙抓住狠狠恶堕 [Yandere] + [Multiple heroines] + [Love rival chaos] + [Corruption] Please keep the following dangerous usage warnings in mind when using this System. 1. Do not get intimate with the yandere Phoenix Proud One!!! 2. Do not fall in love with the yandere Phoenix Proud One!!! 3. Do not get caught up in the yandere Phoenix Proud One’s love rival chaos!!! Mo Li transmigrates into a world destroyed by “scumbag” vermin. To save the Phoenix Proud Ones from the scumbags who would prey on them, and keep th 294Reads7.4Score—14d adds
- 123 A Yandere Billionaire Heiress? She's Actually a Clingy Little Wife! 病娇女财阀？明明是粘人小娇妻！ [Extremely sweet from start to finish + mutually devoted + one heroine + yandere + pure love + devoted wife] The woman Qin Fan had pursued for two and a half years went straight to spend the night with her male best friend, then asked Qin Fan to be the other man? Fine. A slut belongs with a dog. May you two stay together forever! Qin Fan cut ties with her at once. A little tipsy, he was walking down a hotel corridor when a breathtakingly beautiful woman suddenly sneaked into his room. … When he 3.7kReads7.2Score42614d adds
- 124 Evolution in Another World Begins with Ghouls 异世界从食尸鬼开始进化 [Heartwarming, funny, lots of yandere characters, romantic rivalries, relentless pursuit] Jiannange’s start in another world could hardly be more perfect: loving parents, an adorable little sister, and a house with no mortgage. All he needs is a beginner’s sword to begin a leisurely farming life! Then a “big gift package” falls from the sky: a stampede of magical beasts kicks his peaceful life to the curb and takes him out along with it. The end? No, just “agonizing pain”! His pure, kind, belo 35Reads—Score—14d adds
- 125 Yandere: No Matter How Many Ex-Girlfriends I Have, I’m Still Going for True Love 病娇：前女友再多也要搞纯爱 There is a kind of monster that never ages or dies, and feeds on human emotions. As it happens, Su Yu is one of them. After more than a thousand years of experience, Su Yu has learned enough to make sure he’ll never get dumped or killed by a love interest. Aloof campus belle, sorry, we really don’t know each other. Heiress to a conglomerate, please don’t force some character onto me. Scion of an aristocratic family, look, I’m even younger than you. How could I possibly be your private tutor? 742Reads8.4Score—14d adds
- 126 How to Make a Yandere Give Up on Love 如何让病娇戒掉爱 How to Make a Yandere Give Up Her Obsession with Love 6Reads—Score—14d adds
- 127 My Girlfriend's Cat Turned into a Catgirl 女友的猫变成了猫娘 My Girlfriend's Cat Turned into a Catgirl 30Reads—Score—14d adds
- 128 Are You Guys Crazy? Why Are You All Yandere? 疯了吧！你们怎么都是病娇 [Yandere]+ [Urban]+ [Multiple Heroines]+ [Love Rivals] Lin Xuan unexpectedly transmigrates into the world of a novel, becoming a cannon-fodder villain who drives the heroine to darkness and meets a gruesome end. To rewrite his fate, he changes the plot and prevents Liu Zhiyun from turning evil. He thinks he can finally settle down and start a new life once he has stopped Liu Zhiyun from turning evil. But gradually, he realizes something is wrong. Liu Zhiyun: Be a good boy and stay by my side, li 2.2kReads8.0Score10014d adds
- 129 Suffering from a Strange Illness, Imprisoned by a Yandere Nurse 身患奇症，被病娇护士囚禁 [Everyone Is Yandere + Yandere Love Triangle + Multiple Female Leads] [Wits and Strategy + Jealous Rivalry + Bloodshed] On his first day at the sanatorium, Lin Shen thought he’d landed in paradise. All the doctors and nurses here were women, and every one of them was gorgeous. Then he discovered that everyone in the entire sanatorium was yandere. He tried to run, but every time they caught him and brought him back, they didn’t punish him. Instead, they showered him with affection that was even g 2.7kReads8.0Score15814d adds
- 130 I Take Money to Fawn on Rich Young Ladies, So Why Are They Turning into Yanderes? 我收钱舔大小姐，她们咋成病娇了 [Daily Life + Contrasting Yandere + Heroine Pursues Hero] When Chen Mingfan woke up, he found himself chained up, facing a woman he knew well. She was the new professor at his school, and he was her student. She had once been his benefactor. He never expected them to meet again under these circumstances. He thought their relationship and arrangement had ended, but after this incident, he was forced to get tangled up with her again. He had a girlfriend now, but so what? He had only approach 1.2kReads5.3Score10114d adds
- 131 I Kept My Distance, So Why Did She Still Turn into a Yandere? 我都远离了，怎么还是变病娇了 “Yandere” + “Love Triangle” + “Shiv” + “Imprisonment” + “Childhood Friends” + “Older Sister” + “Senior Schoolmate” + “Unexpected Arrival” + “Childhood Friend” + “Unexpected Childhood Friend” Do you like me? No? Then do you like her? Sorry, you can only like me! You actually didn’t choose me? Then die!!! How can the person you love not be me! “Their” love is tainted with madness, like flames burning in the darkness. In this suspense-filled story, romance and music intertwine, playing a thrilling 34Reads—Score—14d adds
- 132 Uncontrollable Factors: A Collection of Essays 【不可控因素】随笔集 [Unhinged] [Obsessive] [Violence] [Selfcest] [Unstable Point of View] [Sweet on the Outside, Dark Within] [Love and Hate] [Male Ghost] [Counterattack] “Abnormal love grows wild like weeds; a lover’s whispers brand themselves like blades.” “If blood must be spilled to prove my love for you, then I hope it’s yours.” “Big sister, may the one you love always return your feelings.” [Scheming, obsessive, sweet-on-the-outside-and-dark-within × Normal Person] “Mr. Male Lead, I’ve popped your little fant —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 133 Imprisoned from the Start! The Yandere CEO's Need for Control Is Too Much 开局被囚！病娇女总裁控制欲太强 [Family regrets + ex-girlfriend regrets] [Childhood sweetheart and ex + female CEO + beautiful professor + adoptive younger sister, multiple obsessive lovers battle it out] [Love rivals + regret-filled chase] [Mild obsession, gradually escalating] One rainy night, his childhood sweetheart, whom he was engaged to by arrangement, broke up with him, while the three older sisters who had always doted on him stood by and did nothing. Qin Feng left with his mother’s ashes, ending his twenty-year famil 571Reads8.0Score—14d adds
- 134 My Catgirl Girlfriend Can't Possibly Be This Cute 我的猫娘女友不可能这么可爱 There's No Way My Catgirl Girlfriend Is This Cute 351Reads—Score—14d adds
- 135 My Female Boss Is a Yandere Succubus 我的女上司是病娇魅魔 My Female Boss Is a Yandere Succubus 264Reads—Score914d adds
- 136 Who Killed the Fireflies? 谁杀死了萤火虫 [Yandere] [Multiple female leads] [Twisted descent into darkness] [Forced love] [Physical and emotional torment] Their lonely hearts are lit by fireflies. Though the light is faint, it still brings them warmth. The boy whose smile shone bright in their memories has had everything destroyed by their own hands. Wen Qiu, heaven is beautiful, but I can't go there. Stay with me in hell. 524Reads8.4Score3314d adds
- 137 The Making of an Academic Seductress 学术妲己的养成计划 The Making of an Academic Daji —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 138 My Teacher, Don't Even Think About Escaping! 朕的先生，休想逃！ Transmigration + alternate history + political intrigue + obsessive love (This novel mainly focuses on the suffocating love between the obsessive male and female leads, who love and fight each other. From the start, the princess is a fugitive fallen on hard times. In the middle, she becomes emperor. Later, the heroine forces her love on the hero, who follows the plot. If that's not your thing, don't read!) Gu Yunzhou, a modern office worker, transmigrates to an alternate ancient world. The Syste 1.1kReads7.8Score10814d adds
- 139 After I Woke from the Dream, the Obsessive Immortal Maiden Came Knocking 梦醒之后，病娇仙子找上门 After transmigrating to a world of immortal cultivation, Jiang Ming obtains the treasured Red Dust Pearl, which lets him live out new lives in his dreams. When he wakes, he gains the talents and abilities from those dream lives. With the Red Dust Pearl, Jiang Ming thinks he’ll take things one step at a time and slowly make his way toward the pinnacle of the immortal path. But to his surprise, the fairies who kept him company in his dream lives start showing up at his door one after another. Amon 3.5kReads8.0Score22614d adds
- 140 Matriarchy: Surviving in a World Full of Yanderes 女尊：在充满病娇的世界里活下来 Su Qingxuan transmigrates into a world full of yanderes. The System assigns him a mission: survive for thirty days, with five chances to rewind. At first, he doesn't take it seriously. All the girls around him seem friendly. But as he gets to know them better, moving from commoners to officials, from military officers to civil officials, and finally to the empress, the girls he meets grow more and more unhinged, and their methods grow more and more brutal. “I just want to die.” He closes his eye 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 141 Help! My Sisters Are All Yanderes! 救命！姐姐们都是病娇啊 [Multiple heroines] + [yandere] + [imprisonment] + [vampires] + [mature woman] + [love triangle showdown] This is an unconventional tale of obsessive love between a stunningly beautiful, sickly male lead and his yandere heroines. They are crazed and possessive, devoted to him to the point of obsession. What sparks will fly between a man like him and women like them? 38Reads6.2Score—14d adds
- 142 My Survival Journal with Yandere Girls 病娇少女们与我的求生日记 [You won't regret getting into this: yandere, death saves, tearjerker masterpiece] After transmigrating into a game world where every heroine is a yandere, Lin Le now has to keep his own desires in check. The pressure is overwhelming. To avoid a bad ending, he must follow these rules: First, study hard and keep improving. Second, constantly call them “old yasashii.” Anything that can greatly increase the heroines' affection is a big no-no. Third, avoid contact with the heroines as much as possib 2.3kReads6.1Score15414d adds
- 143 My Yandere Master Fell in Love With Me 病娇师尊爱上我 (Forced love + master and disciple + yandere + confinement + multiple heroines) Ling Yueshuang's cinnabar-painted fingertips suddenly clamp down hard on Xu Zimu's chin. Her sharp nails pierce his skin, drawing tiny beads of crimson. She bends close, her silver-white hair falling across his face, her breath carrying the cold fragrance of plum blossoms as it brushes his trembling lips. Gritting her teeth, she says, "Did you really think I'd be so forgiving about you suddenly leaving me?" "Ha... ha 893Reads6.7Score10114d adds
- 144 I Transmigrated Without a System, and Got a Goofball Instead? 穿越了不给系统，给我个逗比？ Transmigrate into a book + obsessive love + yuri + F5 golden finger (the author herself) Lin Xi wakes up one day to find that she has transmigrated into a yuri novel she once read. Other people get all kinds of cheats and golden fingers when they transmigrate, so why doesn't she have any? Well, it's not that she has nothing at all. She does have an utterly useless “hype squad.” 13Reads—Score—14d adds
- 145 My Beautiful Agent Turned into a Yandere Control Freak 美女经纪人变成病娇控制狂 My Beautiful Agent Turned into a Yandere Control Freak 67Reads—Score—14d adds
- 146 I'm an Investigator! I Went Undercover and Got Captured by a Yandere Villainess 我搜查官！潜入被病娇女反派俘虏 [Unhinged, Obsessively Possessive Yandere + Philosophical Female Villain + Strong Female Lead + No System + Bizarre + Chasing-Her-to-the-Crematorium + Zen + Giga Elements] Also featuring: Spirit Armor Summoner + Gu Puppets + Cultivators! On the surface, Yun Yi is a student at Yanzhou University. In secret, however, he has an extremely special identity: chief investigator in the Special Operations Division of the Investigation Bureau, Yanzhou Branch 747 of Great Qin. He's also the youngest invest 908Reads6.2Score10614d adds
- 147 How to Successfully Break Up with Your Yandere Girlfriend 2 论如何成功向病娇女友分手2 How do you successfully break up with your yandere girlfriend? You can't. [Transmigration] [Yandere] [Love Triangle] [System Is a Jerk] What happens when you try to break up with your yandere girlfriend? Xu Youming can tell you from personal experience: try it, and die. In world after world, he's endured instant death, life imprisonment, total disability, losing his mind, losing his memories, losing himself, and all sorts of other fates... Can't I just stay with her, then!!! System: Suit yoursel 2.3kReads6.7Score12114d adds
- 148 Transmigrated from a Matriarchal World to the Modern Age, I'm Still Delicate 女尊穿越到现代我依旧娇弱 My name is Su Zhenmian. I was born and raised a man in a matriarchal world. Maybe Heaven thought I was too rotten in that world, so it sent me through Transmigration to a place called the modern world. I can’t read the writing here, and I don’t have any money. I’m terrified. I don’t know how I’m supposed to survive here. Can I rely on women…? [Multiple Heroines]+ [Transmigration]+ [Delicate]+ [Green Tea]+ [Plot]+ [Coercion]+ [Yandere] One thing to note: the male lead is greedy and vain. If that’ 739Reads7.0Score10414d adds
- 149 I'm So Handsome That I'm Hounded by Yandere Girls 长得太帅，被许多病娇女缠上 [Traditional fantasy, no System, yandere, multiple female leads, forced romance] Wuxin transmigrates to a fantasy cultivation world and discovers that, aside from looking decent, he doesn't seem to have any good qualities. One day, someone sets her sights on him. “Hey, handsome, would you like to be friends?” Wuxin: “I don't think so!” “Hey, how can you turn me down? I'm a cultivator, you know.” Wuxin: “I'm just an ordinary person. We're not meant to be.” “Hmph! I don't care about that!” Wuxin: 791Reads6.2Score10114d adds
- 150 After Our Divorce, My Ex-Husband Crawled Like a Dog at My Wedding 离婚后，渣男在我婚礼现场跪成狗 After the divorce, my scumbag ex knelt like a dog at my wedding. 10Reads—Score—14d adds
