Novels like After Three Years as a Widow, I Took Grandma to Join My Officer Husband
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as After Three Years as a Widow, I Took Grandma to Join My Officer Husband, best match first.
- 1 My Boyfriend Has to Kiss a Cockroach Queen Every Day 男友每天都要亲一口母蟑螂 My Boyfriend Has to Kiss the Mother Cockroach Every Day —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 2 I'm Liu Shan, Not a Good-for-Nothing 我刘禅不是草包 "W-why... why not... eat meat gruel?" After Liu Shan died, he discovered that his soul had actually possessed the fool Emperor Sima Zhong of the Great Jin. "What? I, Ah Dou, have become... a fool!" "Damn it, this fool can't even piss by himself!" "What the hell, how can this fool's wife be as ugly as a sow!" "So... someone altered the imperial edict left by the fool's father!" "Th-those two are trying to kill me too?" Luckily, I'm a fool, so no one is on guard against me! 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 3 The 1970s Matchmaker Who Talks the Young Master from the Capital into Becoming a Live-In Son-in-Law 七零小媒婆，忽悠京少当赘婿 Many years later, some friends sat together chatting. "Have you noticed that every village used to have a fool or a madman?" "Yeah, yeah! That madman would even go around hitting people!" Dou Xiaochan: Hehe, I'm the fool and madwoman you were talking about... Shen Moci: I'm the one who was tricked into going home as a live-in son-in-law by the fool and madwoman you were talking about... "What?!" Everyone's eyes nearly popped out of their heads. Shen Moci: To be honest, I was really scared at the 28.9kReads8.8Score3.5k14d adds
- 4 The Young White-Haired Mystic Granny Goes on a Rampage in Showbiz! 玄学年轻白发癫姥在娱乐圈疯杀！ [Sichuan-Chongqing edition] [Absurd comedy + bizarre relationship dynamics + feng shui and the supernatural + fake and real heiresses + going crazy + face-slapping + parody] A soft, adorable, easygoing yet unhinged feng shui master × a cold-on-the-outside, goofy-on-the-inside, doom-struck unhinged heir to a wealthy family. Two unhinged souls, perfectly matched by fate! A ridiculous, irreverent face-slapping story about growing stronger. Get ready for a wild ride~ No one knows she’s a hidden m 9Reads—Score—14d adds
- 5 I Opened My Eyes in the 1970s and Followed a Down-and-Out Big Shot to the Countryside to Enjoy Life 睁眼七零，追着落魄大佬下乡享福 [Fictional military marriage + super sweet, devoted romance + everyday family life + face-slapping the scum + space for raising kids] Sheng Jinhe is fair-skinned and gorgeous, with a captivating charm. The moment she opens her eyes, she finds herself as the male lead’s doomed former fiancée in a period novel. She gave the heroine her job and her golden finger, and in the end even drowned and lost her life to bring the male and female leads together. Sheng Jinhe stares at the sky in speechless di 17.7kReads8.4Score2.4k14d adds
- 6 Military Marriage: You Want to Send Me to the Countryside? I'll PUA Your Whole Family 军婚:逼我下乡?我PUA他全家 [Military Marriage + Sweet Romance + Devoted Couple + Pocket Dimension] In her previous life, Fang Ying was poisoned by her stepmother and grew uglier by the day. Her childhood sweetheart and fiancé got together with her stepmother’s daughter. Then her entire family pressured her to give up her place at a workers, peasants, and soldiers university and go to the countryside in the other girl’s place! She turned around and married her fiancé’s uncle, a decorated soldier. But he died in action si 42.7kReads9.0Score5.2k14d adds
- 7 I Was Nibbling Peaches on the Doorstep When Dad's Old Friend Abducted Me. Now I Skate on Peaches to Fame in the Martial World 蹲门槛啃桃被爹的旧友拐走，我靠踩桃滑步名扬江湖 My Dad's Old Friend Took Me Away While I Sat on the Doorstep Munching Peaches, and My Peach-Stepping Slide Made Me Famous Across the Martial World 7Reads—Score—14d adds
- 8 After Graduating from a Top University, I Turned Around and Took a Security Job 从985名校出来，转头扎进保安岗 Graduated from a top-tier 985 university, then turned around and took a security guard job 60Reads—Score114d adds
- 9 A Beagle Nanny Crashes a Rich Family’s Messy Drama and Turns the Whole Family Upside Down 比格保姆乱入豪门狗血，创翻全家 [An Energetic, Half-Baked Mind-Reading Heroine x A Gentle, Insecure, Self-Controlled Hero; Modern-Day Fantasy + Wealthy-Family Melodrama + Utterly Unhinged + Unconventional Face-Slapping and Scumbag-Bashing + Salvation Through Persecution + Joy That Turns Everyone's World Upside Down] “Kiddo, you should know that after the founding of the country, no one is allowed to become a spirit.” That one sentence finally convinced Lu Ye that she and her mother weren't alike: she was a plain old human. Her 633Reads—Score6114d adds
- 10 The Real Heiress of the 1970s Goes Off the Rails, and Her Whole Family Kneels to Beg Forgiveness 七零真千金，发癫后全家跪求原谅 [Military marriage in the 1970s + unhinged leads + two golden fingers + heroine speaks to animals and has a spiritual spring space + scheming hero with a sharp tongue now and then] Medical expert Su Qinghe transmigrated to the 1970s. Before transmigrating, she lived cautiously, bottling everything up until she developed all sorts of problems, fell into depression, and was admitted to a psychiatric hospital. After transmigrating, she could not only understand animals, but also had a spiritual spr 17.2kReads7.9Score2k14d adds
- 11 After Marrying the Heirless Prince, the General’s Poisonous Daughter Goes on a Rampage 嫁给绝嗣王爷后，将门毒妃杀疯了 [Two strong leads + unmatched skill in medicine and poison + punishing scoundrels] She was a medical doctor and elite soldier in the apocalypse. After transmigrating to an alternate ancient world, she became the unpopular eldest daughter of a general's household. She spent ten years at the family shrine in the countryside, praying for her father and brothers. When she returned, she discovered that an adopted daughter had taken her place, stolen her family's affection, and even taken her fiancé. 1.4kReads8.3Score19214d adds
- 12 After Being Diagnosed with a Terminal Illness, the Heir’s Wife Lets Loose 得绝症后，世子妃她放飞自我了 [Short drama now streaming, also known as The Female Big Bad in Disguise as a Man: Wherever She Flees, Chrysanthemums Bloom] [Absurd comedy + Love-Hate Relationship + One True Pairing, Short Story + Woman Disguised as a Man + No Palace Intrigue, No Defying Heaven; Down-to-Earth Leads] [Crazy and ridiculous. Don’t read if that bothers you!!] Chu Feiyang dies while working to buy her boss a Maserati. Reborn with her memories intact, she decides to lie flat and coast through life. She starts drinki 23.7kReads8.8Score1.7k14d adds
- 13 The Square Dance Leader Returned to the Village and Accidentally Made the Whole Place Famous 广场舞领队回村，一不小心带火整个村子 The Square Dance Leader Returns to the Village and Accidentally Makes the Whole Village a Hit 7Reads—Score—14d adds
- 14 Slacking Off, Fishing for Leisure, and Going Crazy: Ruling the 1970s 摆烂摸鱼，发癫抽疯，制霸七零 Luo Jia transmigrated into the body of an idiot. What a ridiculous turn of events! From the start, her awful aunt pushed her off a cliff. The reason? This idiot had used her pretty looks to seduce her aunt’s beloved educated youth, ruining her dream of becoming a general’s wife. Good grief, what a huge mess to pin on me! The Luo family’s old matriarch had four sons and one daughter, and she was extremely biased toward her youngest daughter. To her daughters-in-law: “Hurry up and heat bathwater f 2.6kReads7.4Score19214d adds
- 15 My Own Son Sent Me on a Variety Show to Get Bashed? Now His Mom’s Making a Comeback! 被亲儿子送上综艺挨骂？我妈逆袭翻红！ My Own Son Sent Me on a Variety Show to Be Torn Apart by Critics? Mom Makes a Comeback and Becomes a Star Again! 36Reads—Score—14d adds
- 16 The Cat-Paw Martial Heroine: Fleeing Her Way to the Top 三脚猫女侠，逃命成为天下第一 The Three-Legged Cat Swordswoman: Fleeing for Her Life to Become the Greatest Under Heaven 256Reads—Score—14d adds
- 17 I'm the Fake Heiress. Who's Afraid? 我是假千金我怕谁 [Fake and real heiresses + unhinged villainess + palace and household intrigue + all the usual tropes + lighthearted comedy] Huo Chenxuan jumped into a river to save someone, only to transmigrate into a book, becoming the evil fake heiress in The True Heiress Is Reborn, and Her Five Marquis Mansion Brothers Weep as They Beg Forgiveness. The first thing she sees when she opens her eyes is the classic drowning scene, with the scumbag General Xiao swimming desperately toward her. “Don’t come any cl 2.5kReads—Score27414d adds
- 18 She Knows What She Wants 她主意太正 She’s far too headstrong. 13Reads—Score114d adds
- 19 Guess What? She Really Does Have Two Axes! 没想到吧？她还真有两把斧子！ [A cast full of lovable weirdos + the male lead falling for her on his own + an outrageously powerful heroine + male lead reborn + heroine transmigrates + lighthearted laughs + a true-love romantic + super-sweet everyday romance] Shen Xiaoxi had just won a million yuan when she got hit by a car? When she woke up, she found she had transmigrated and become a poor country girl with nothing to her name, constantly bullied by everyone? Never mind, her unhinged antics would carry on as usual!!! Whoev 412Reads—Score—14d adds
- 20 A Slacker at Work, Who Stumbled into the Rich-People Fast Lane 摆烂打工人，误闯富人赛道 A slacker office worker accidentally wanders into the rich kids’ world 69Reads—Score114d adds
- 21 I'm the Only Sane Person on This Film Set 这剧组就我一个正常人 I'm the only sane person on this film set. 14Reads—Score—14d adds
- 22 Squeezing Me Dry? I'll Empty the Family's Assets and Take Everyone to the Countryside 压榨我？掏空家产全家下乡 [Period setting + getting rid of scumbags + pocket dimension + unhinged heroine + born to strip families of their wealth + no romance] Mindless wish fulfillment!!! Unhinged fiction!!! The heroine is not a good person! Not a good person! She curses people out! She hits people! To raise money for her cousin’s job, Fang Li’s family tried to force her to marry an old man who had already been married and had five children. Fang Li refused, so her cousin drugged and kidnapped her. In despair, Fang Li 18.6kReads8.6Score2.1k14d adds
- 23 Innkeeper, Don't Think You Can Escape: The CEO's Runaway Pregnancy 民宿老板别想逃：女总裁的“带球跑” The B&B Owner Can't Get Away: The CEO's "Pregnant and on the Run" Romance 164Reads—Score314d adds
- 24 Come On, Keep Acting Tough 来，接着狂 Come on, keep acting tough. 24Reads—Score214d adds
- 25 I Went to the Military District to Get Divorced, but the Disciplined Officer Kissed Me Until I Cried 前往军区离婚，被禁欲军官亲哭了 [Period setting + bright, beautiful medical student VS. cold, abstinent frontier officer] Lin Shurong transmigrates. Born into the 1960s, she becomes the only girl born into the family in three generations, the apple of everyone’s eye. Her life goes smoothly, until her marriage takes an unexpected turn! Her 98-year-old grandfather likes the man’s circumstances, family background, and status, so he forces her to marry him, insisting she be matched with an officer. For two years of marriage, t 52.9kReads8.4Score5.9k14d adds
- 26 A Cherished Silver Bracelet 珍藏一条银手链 As children, Zhang Min and Guo Tingting accidentally fell into the river while playing by the bank. Li Zewen rescued them. Years later, after graduating from college, Li Zewen became their teacher. Due to family circumstances, Zhang Min dropped out of high school in her second year and went to work. Years later, she became a sales representative at a valve factory, while Guo Tingting became a nurse at the county hospital. To their surprise, Li Zewen became the man her best friend was set up with —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 27 I'm a Tycoon in Another World 我在异界当神壕 Every day, Wang Chen wakes up in a bed covering fifty thousand square meters, surrounded by more than two hundred maids as beautiful as celestial maidens. And yet he feels no joy. “I’ve never touched money. I’m not interested in it!” “Let’s start with a small goal. How about spending a hundred million first?” “No, no, no! Divine sons and daughters, please show some restraint. Don’t call me Dad. I’m not your father!” “Ah, so this is how painful it is to be rich!” A lighthearted, funny story about 701Reads7.2Score10314d adds
- 28 Transmigrated into a 1970s Book: With My Over-the-Top Crazy Vibe, I'll Drag Out This Marriage Until You Die 穿书七零：超强癫感婚不离拖死你 Tong Fan was eager to keep up with the times, so she transmigrated into a novel set in the past. In the resource-scarce 1970s, she became the first wife of the male lead, Wei Tianming, in an arranged marriage. According to the plot, she received divorce papers and, unwilling to accept it, went to the city with a big belly to find her husband, who worked far from home and rarely came back. But he was determined to divorce her. Unable to bear it, she hanged herself, taking both her life and her 10.5kReads8.3Score59814d adds
- 29 The Ugly Girl's Stunning Transformation: One Song, 'Love You,' Shocks the Entertainment World 丑女大变身，一首爱你震惊娱乐圈 The day Jiang Wan was publicly dumped by her fiance, she weighed two hundred jin and had a head full of songs from another world. At an open audition for ordinary contestants, she stunned the whole crowd with a single performance of "Love You." Black trending topics could be suppressed, but not the hearts of the people. They mocked her for being fat; she laughed at them for being deaf. The diva is back, and the song thieves and homewreckers won't get away! 860Reads—Score12214d adds
- 30 You've Got Such a Strong Old-Mannish Vibe 你身上登味好重 [Switched Daughters + Goofy Comedy + Brain-Off Fun + Face-Slapping the Powerful + Little Devil Arrives] Wan Qianlan spent twelve years bedridden, thinking she'd lie there for the rest of her life. Then one day, she transmigrated into the world of a novel and became the real daughter who had been switched at birth in a story about the real and fake heiresses! The good news: She can run, jump, curse, and hit people. The bad news: Wan Qianlan is the bad news. Twelve-year-old Wan Qianlan's inner ch 5kReads—Score67814d adds
- 31 Is It Really This Easy to Get By in Another World? 异界也太好混了吧？ Ma Liu, the only heir to the wealthy Xinghua Group, is dismissed as a useless young master because he’s obsessed with gaming. At an auction, he acquires a divine ancient cauldron and accidentally triggers its seal, sending him to another world. There, he begins a carefree life of effortless wins like a capybara.. 978Reads8.3Score10514d adds
- 32 Young Master, Let Me Rob You of Your Beauty 公子，劫个色 [Transmigration + medicine + romance + making a fortune + lighthearted comedy + absurdity] A woman who transmigrated, a poor young prince, a bunch of goofy guards, an emperor who thinks about tricking women out of their money every day, an imaginative eunuch, a dim-witted crown prince, a scheming scholar, a poker-faced maid with exceptional martial arts, and a woman who only wants to keep male lovers and never marry... This is the hilarious story of a group of people growing up together. An Nin 489Reads8.9Score10014d adds
- 33 After I Transmigrate, I Talk My Way to a Trillion-Dollar Fortune 穿越后，我靠一张嘴忽悠万亿资产 [Humor] [Hilarious] [Comedy] [Ridiculous] [Pure wish fulfillment] [Later-in-life marriage] [Romantic farce] [Laugh till you drop] This book is also known as: "Hilarious Transmigration: Making a Trillion in Assets by Bluffing"! This is a no-brainer wish-fulfillment story that doesn't get hung up on logic or common sense. It's here to help busy working readers unwind, shake off fatigue, and add a little fun to life. Niu Xiaotian, a trillionaire CEO, transmigrates into the body of a low-level food 25Reads—Score—14d adds
- 34 Little Troublemaker from the Underworld: Devouring Gossip Across the Capital 地府来的小祸害，满京城吃大瓜 Qin Xiaosan is Lord Yama's darling little daughter and a notorious troublemaker in the Underworld. Because she is such a handful for her father, Lord Yama finally loses patience and tosses her into a book. Qin Xiaosan of the Pingyang Marquis's household is not only the top bully in the capital, but also its undisputed gossip queen. Putting scoundrels in their place and serving up face-slapping... Digging pits and leaving others to deal with them... The gossipy busybodies in the melon patch have 55.7kReads8.5Score7.7k14d adds
- 35 The General Came Back to Divorce Me, and Everyone Went Crazy 将军回来要休我，全员发疯 The General Comes Home to Divorce Me, and Everyone Goes Mad 180Reads—Score914d adds
- 36 Shocking! After Transmigrating into a Book, I Became the Child's Mother 惊爆！穿书后我成了孩子他妈 Original title: The 1980s: Commander, Your Baby Is from Ten Years in the Future [Period drama transmigration + marriage first, love later + family life + adorable baby + marriage to bring good fortune] The instant she receives her college admission letter, Qi Shiyu finds herself standing at the gates of a school in 1985. She's become a high school senior, with only three months left before the college entrance exams. She's transmigrated into a book. She thought she'd been cast as an insignifican 38.7kReads7.9Score5.8k14d adds
- 37 A Military Officer Was Forced to Marry a Village Woman, but Their Arranged Marriage Turned to Love 七零军官被迫娶村妇，先婚厚爱 No transmigration + not reborn + no space + no golden finger + relies on her own abilities With nowhere left to turn, Shen Yining jumps into a river to kill herself, but the passing officer Ji Zhonglin pulls her out. She rolls her eyes and latches onto him, insisting he did something improper to her. Ji Zhonglin: “...” He must have gotten up too soon and pulled her out too soon. Before she jumped into the river, he pissed in the wrong place. Before they are forced to marry, Ji Zhonglin says 49.6kReads8.9Score6.1k14d adds
- 38 Transmigrated into a Period Novel: The Villainess Is a Little Unhinged 穿进年代文：反派女配有点颠 Just because she made one snarky remark about people who were lovesick, Su Yitong transmigrates to the 1970s, becoming a young woman sent to work in the countryside in a remote, impoverished village. Still dazed, she takes a hostage and gets mistaken for an enemy spy, then locked in a woodshed. Only then does she realize she's transmigrated into a book as a melodramatic, ruthless villainess who meets a gruesome end! Follow the System's plot? Not a chance! This villainess loves doing the opposite 9.4kReads8.4Score61014d adds
- 39 After I Transmigrated into a Book, I Plucked the Male Lead’s Halo Bare 穿书后，我把男主光环薅秃了 [1V1 ultra-sweet + goofy humor and meme references + showbiz + variety shows + face-slapping + career growth] [Unhinged, laid-back showbiz CEO VS upright, brooding law lecturer] Wen Muyun transmigrates into a book. She becomes the brainless, vicious female side character in a domineering CEO novel, obsessed with the male lead and scheming against the heroine. In the end, her father dies, she goes mad, and her company goes bankrupt. Wen Muyun: I’m checking out and doing nothing. Let the cap 7.7kReads—Score88314d adds
- 40 I Was Supposed to Be a Doormat, So Why Does the Emperor Remember Everything? 说好当受气包，怎么皇帝有记忆？ [Looks delicate and plays the victim, but is a fearsome flower × scheming emperor who retains his memories after reloading] (An antagonistic imperial couple, a reloading power fantasy, father-daughter affection, and a romance that grows sweeter by the day) Chu Mingzhao is the capital's most fearsome beauty. She can shatter a stone lion with one punch. But her unscrupulous father tricked her into entering the palace, where she was bound to a [System for Playing the Victim]. Little Four: Host, yo 29Reads—Score—14d adds
- 41 After My Biological Brother Was Reborn, the Real Heiress Returned 亲哥重生后，真千金回归了 Lin Yanhui is miserable. Her paternal grandparents favor boys over girls, her father is taciturn, and her mother has a sharp tongue and a sharper heart. And now her name is Huang Zhaodi. In the middle of her chaotic life, she never imagined that one day a group of people would show up at her home and tell her she was their biological daughter! Lin Yanhui: !!! - It wasn’t until three days before Lin Rui died in the line of duty that he learned his family had raised someone else’s child. When they 35.9kReads9.0Score4.1k14d adds
- 42 Cooking Snow Beneath the Pines, Listening to the Years Flow By 松间煮雪听流年 (Invincible protagonist, satisfying contrast, everyone gets a happy ending, absolutely no angst) Deep in Mount Taixu stands a nameless little temple. The old Taoist who lives there does little each day beyond sweeping snow, brewing tea, and listening to the wind. Then one day, a badly wounded nine-tailed fox tumbles through the temple gate. The old Taoist sighs, pulls a sword sealed away for a thousand years from his sleeve, then turns around, chops some firewood, and brews the fox a cup of tea. 148Reads—Score—14d adds
- 43 Before My Whole Family Was Sent to the Countryside, I Took My Child and Ran 穿到全家下乡前，我带娃跑路了 [Soul transmigration to the 1960s + pocket dimension + raising a child + sweet romance + both leads are devoted only to each other] Shu Yao thought someone must have put a curse on her. In her dreams, she saw another version of herself live a miserable life: when her husband was sent away for reeducation, she abandoned him and their child, then married a divorced man with a child of his own, only to become his unpaid nanny. Unable to take it anymore, she jumped into a river. The one who buried h 39.5kReads8.2Score5.8k14d adds
- 44 You Hid My Pregnancy News? I'll Bring the Commander's Baby to Blow Up the Military Base 藏我怀孕信？我带首长崽炸翻军区 [1970s Military Marriage + Adorable Kids + Cozy Daily Life + Fast Face-Slapping + Both Leads Pure + Limited Use of Space] Shen Yunzhi woke up to discover that her son was already five years old! Six years ago, someone drugged her as part of a setup, and she spent one reckless night with Gu Chengyan, a stern-faced army officer. He promised on the spot to take responsibility, but when she woke the next morning, he was gone. After discovering she was pregnant, she mustered the courage to send a let 15.7kReads8.4Score1.9k14d adds
- 45 The 1950s: Starting Out as an Apprentice 五零：从学徒工开始 [Period setting + native protagonist + daily life + career + no golden finger] [An ordinary story about ordinary people] Her parents wanted Baolan to take her eldest brother's place in an arranged marriage. Baolan refused. Baolan passed the worker recruitment exam. Starting as an apprentice, Baolan attended night school, got promoted, bought a watch, bought a bicycle... Little by little, she built herself a good life. 34.1kReads9.0Score3.7k14d adds
- 46 The Protector of the Nation, the Eldest Princess, Raises Hell in the 1950s 护国长公主在五十年代撒泼打滚 After the Guardian Princess died peacefully of old age, she was reborn in a small mountain village. There was a young man in the village who wanted to go fight the Japanese, but his parents refused because he wasn’t married and had no children. The young man went to the princess for help. After thinking it over, she agreed. Once the princess became pregnant, the young man left. And then he never sent word again. As soon as the country was founded, the princess set out on a journey to find her hu 19.4kReads8.8Score2.1k14d adds
- 47 After Losing My Memory, I Mistook Someone Else for My Husband 失忆后，我扑错老公了 After Losing My Memory, I Mistook Someone Else for My Husband 46Reads—Score—14d adds
- 48 After My Ex-Boyfriend Went Viral with His Long Post, I Quickly Started a Livestream Shop 前男友靠小作文爆火后，我迅速开了个带货直播间 After My Ex-Boyfriend Went Viral with a Long Post, I Quickly Started a Livestream Shop 18Reads—Score214d adds
- 49 The Little Crybaby of the 1960s Is Always Hung from the Demonically Handsome Commander's Waist 六零小丧包天天被妖孽首长挂腰上 [Military marriage in the 1960s · quietly unhinged · decisive and ruthless · golden finger with a hint of mystery · off-the-charts sweetness] Don’t mess with Lu Jiu. She’s fierce, bold, and rebellious. In her previous life, she spent thirteen years undercover, going from a drug lord’s fake heiress to the drug lord herself. The day the operation closed in, she blew everyone sky-high, herself included. When she opened her eyes again, she was Lu Jiu, an academic ace in the 1960s. She came with a me 95.2kReads9.2Score15.9k14d adds
- 50 The Prince’s Abandoned Consort: The Useless Brats’ Mother Teaches Military Strategy 王府弃妃：废崽他娘教兵法 Female-oriented: discarded consort / cast-off kids / System / a thousand-year-old destiny Su Wanqing, a company’s finance director, transmigrates into a discarded princess consort and binds herself to a past-and-present System. From the start, she has four hopeless children to raise. Her eldest son is an idiot, her youngest son is a good-for-nothing, and her two daughters are the laughingstock of the capital. Instead of teaching them poetry, she teaches them military strategy, political schem 46.9kReads8.5Score4.4k14d adds
