Novels like Traditional Chinese Medicine: The Path to the Pinnacle
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as Traditional Chinese Medicine: The Path to the Pinnacle, best match first.
- 101 A Tale of Harmony, Culture, and Wellness 和合文化康养记 In a tranquil village nestled among picturesque hills and waters, a school called Qinglin quietly comes into being. This is no ordinary schoolhouse. It's the first harbor in the dream of the Hehe Culture and Wellness Group, an innovative venture that turns vacant old houses into a vibrant haven where senior students can enjoy life. Su He, a young graduate of traditional Chinese medicine, is devoted to the principle of "treating illness before it arises." He throws himself into the project and be 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 102 Born in This Place 生在此间 Rural northwest China. This is Ganzhou, my hometown. Because of his job, the protagonist Yang Shulin quits in a fit of anger and returns home. He inherits his family’s small clinic and dozens of mu of farmland, and begins an entirely different life. 10Reads6.7Score—14d adds
- 103 Li Hengzheng, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor 中医李衡正 Acupuncture, herbal medicine, prescriptions, and treatment methods, all based on real clinical cases. From common ailments like heatstroke and colds to all kinds of difficult and complicated conditions, these cases show treatments that many people can carry out. They aim to help more people understand how Chinese medicine treats illness, and whether it can truly do so. They also aim to help more people understand the hardships faced by folk practitioners of Chinese medicine and how difficult it 348Reads8.8Score10214d adds
- 104 From Signing In at the ER to Creating Surgical Legends 从急诊签到开始，缔造手术神话 [ER Slacker King + Sign-In Comeback + Secrets of Chinese and Western Medicine + Medical Industry Scandals] When medical intern Chen Kai activated a mysterious medical System, he began signing in every day: “Ding! Acquired Hua Tuo’s personal technique: Craniotomy to Expel Wind, 208 AD edition.” “Ding! Unlocked a new nanorobotic heart-repair technique.” “Ding! Mastered a lost Miao medical art: Golden Silkworm Gu Treatment to Restore the Meridians.” Starting with stopping the bleeding from a model 81Reads6.2Score—14d adds
- 105 No More Rat Race: Life Comes Full Circle After I Return to the Village as a Chinese Medicine Doctor 拒绝内卷，中医回村后人生圆满了 [Both Leads Are Faithful + Sweet Romance + Strong Female Lead + Childhood Sweethearts + Slow-Building Love] [Career and Romance Are Equally Important, Not a Pure Romance] When Xie Yinchen was in her final year of high school, her father became seriously ill. She searched everywhere for doctors and medicine, but in the end, he had to undergo surgery, and his health took a steep decline. From then on, Xie Yinchen was determined to study traditional Chinese medicine. Over ten years, Xie Yinchen pro 406Reads8.3Score—14d adds
- 106 Master of Chinese Medicine: Starting as a Community Clinic Intern 国医圣手：从社区实习开始 Jiang Lieshan, a traditional Chinese medicine intern, faces adversity without ever losing his compassion as a doctor. A stroke of misfortune turns into a blessing: at the brink of death, he awakens the Shennong Cauldron, a sacred artifact of humanity hidden in his sea of consciousness. From then on, this humble TCM practitioner shoulders the task of gathering the people's fortune, restoring their faith, saving countless gods and Buddhas, and reviving China! Starting at a community clinic, he ris 26Reads8.2Score—14d adds
- 107 Bian Que and I Reborn in 1970 as Doctors 我和扁鹊重生1970当医生 Huang Bufan was born in 1938 and led an unremarkable life. He had studied traditional medicine when he was young and ran a small pharmacy, serving as the village’s barefoot doctor. At the age of 87, he encountered danger on a tour group trip and unexpectedly inherited the teachings of Bian Que, a famous doctor from ancient times. After the “Waters of Shanglin” washed his eyes, he gained the power to see through things. But his joy was short-lived: he fell off a cliff and was reborn, transmigrati 195Reads6.5Score—14d adds
- 108 Mystic Spring Space: The Divine Doctor’s Daughter Wins Over Her Sickly, Brooding Prince 灵泉空间，神医嫡女撩上病娇皇叔 [Transmigration + spirit spring dimension + divine-doctor legitimate daughter + sweet doting from the emperor’s uncle + escaping famine and disaster to farm] The military doctor Mu Yao was stabbed in the back by her sisters and fell off a cliff. She thought she would be smashed to pieces, but instead someone used forbidden magic to force her to transmigrate. She arrived in the Qingmu Kingdom as another Mu Yao, a legitimate daughter of nineteen. The moment she opened her eyes, someone was bully 78Reads7.3Score—14d adds
- 109 Ancient Martial Arts: Qigong 古武术：气功 Ancient Martial Arts: Qigong —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 110 I'm the Old Chinese Medicine Doctor 姐是老中医 A seasoned, bold female traditional Chinese doctor meets a cold, arrogant young CEO. “I’m an old-school doctor, and I treat the sickness of love. You want a sweet romance? Don’t be ridiculous! Bitter medicine is good for what ails you!” She is the heir to a family of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, while he is a business tycoon with a fortune stretching across the land. An unpleasant consultation brings this skilled and strong-willed doctor into his life, and into his heart. Through 191Reads8.6Score1714d adds
- 111 Learning from Scratch: Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture 从零学习：中医针灸 After Wang Bing fails his high school entrance exam, he apprentices himself to learn acupuncture. At the same time, he enrolls in a vocational school to study the fundamentals of Chinese medicine. Moving between his apprenticeship and school, he learns from scratch, bit by bit; while on campus, he also forms deep friendships with many people. The story of Wang Bing’s life begins to unfold. He will return after mastering his craft and become a great master of his generation; he will benefit his c 174Reads6.6Score—14d adds
- 112 Hospital Intern: I'm the Only One Who Understands Ancient Chinese Medicine 医院实习生：唯有我懂古中医 Chen Xiuyuan, an intern at a top-tier hospital, was publicly cheated on by his girlfriend and became the laughingstock of the entire hospital. In this world, Western medicine reigns supreme. At the brink of despair, he awakens the legacy of the ancient Chinese medical tradition. He masters the four diagnostic methods and is skilled in classical prescriptions and silver needles. For chronic illnesses Western medicine cannot cure, one dose of his herbal medicine can eradicate the root cause. For e 1.9kReads—Score18014d adds
- 113 The Barefoot Chinese Medicine Doctor 赤脚中医 Pluck a handful of grass, pick up a needle: relieve people’s pain and save their lives. A folk healer from the very bottom of society continues the timeless legend and myth of traditional Chinese medicine... From July 28 onward, four chapters will be released daily. 985Reads8.7Score18614d adds
- 114 Tales of Classical Chinese Medicine 经方那些事儿 [This book features many real medical cases. Do not imitate them!] In his twenties, Qin Guanlan arrives at Shoujing Hall with a PhD to his name, yet can't get a single patient to see him. He's too young and too handsome. No one thinks he looks like an experienced practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. But Chen Jiubai sees something in him. The old doctor sees patients in the morning and gives lectures in the afternoon, personally guiding Qin as he unlocks the secrets of the Treatise on Co 2.2kReads—Score51514d adds
- 115 The Way of Revitalizing Yang 振阳医道 The Path of Zhenyang Medicine is an epic TCM novel inspired by Li Ke, a renowned modern practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. It tells the legendary story of Li Zhenyang, a self-taught old physician who spent half a century practicing medicine, wielding a thunderbolt's decisiveness and a bodhisattva's compassion to perform miracle after miracle, bringing patients back from the brink of death. With gripping prose, the novel recreates Li Zhenyang's real cases: venturing deep into plague-st 40Reads—Score—14d adds
- 116 The Healing Arts of Gao Hong 药医高宏 Foolish, stubborn people should not read this. This book is for people with true wisdom, understanding, and compassion. It covers the I Ching arts of fate reading, medicine, divination, and astrology. Those who do not believe in the science of our Chinese civilization should stay away. The art of healing requires not only accurate diagnosis of illnesses, using all five methods of observation, listening and smelling, inquiry, pulse-taking, and palpation, but also a thorough understanding of the f 633Reads8.5Score12314d adds
- 117 People’s Hospital 大众医院 (Urban romance, no harem.) This story is entirely fictional! After a serious illness and many years apart... everything had long since changed. His wife had run off with another man, and his daughter no longer recognized him. Could he still remain true to himself...? 3Reads—Score—14d adds
- 118 The Chief Imperial Physician 首席御医 A battlefield doctor with peerless medical skills, versed in both Chinese and Western medicine. It doesn’t matter whether you’re a renowned traditional Chinese medicine master or a Western medical expert. With silver needles in hand, he fears no disease. And when his scalpel moves, he can create medical miracles. 51Reads6.6Score—14d adds
- 119 From Losing Money to Becoming a Giant in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Starting with a Clinic 亏成中医巨头从医馆开始 Chen Xin unexpectedly obtains the Medical Virtue and Wealth Conversion System. As long as he runs his clinic at a loss, he can earn a fortune and gain Medical Virtue Points that he can exchange for medical skills. From then on, a remarkable clinic appears in China. “Ordinary doctors at Jishitang earn a million a year!?” “That’s not all. I hear every doctor there gets sixty days of paid leave a year.” “And their benefits are incredible. They even give out dating allowances when a doctor starts se 248Reads8.9Score—14d adds
- 120 The Secrets of Shennongjia 神农架的秘密 Lu Jiuzhang, a dropout from a university of traditional Chinese medicine, was accused of causing a medical accident after using acupuncture to save someone's life. While gathering herbs in the Shennongjia mountains, he happened upon Xue Suwen, a recluse and inheritor of the “Thirteen Needles of the Ghost Gate,” who passed its essence on to him. The protagonist possesses both modern medical knowledge and the legacy of ancient secret arts. Through his growth and struggles in both Chinese and Weste 56Reads—Score—14d adds
- 121 A Liberal Arts Valedictorian Studies Chinese Medicine? Zhang Zibiao Tears Into Me 文科状元学中医？我被张子标怒怼 The Chinese medicine season of Heart-stirring Job Offer is here! The protagonist accidentally appears on the show and gets publicly ripped into by Zhang Zibiao, a top-tier star and college-application planning guru. “The humanities top scorer chose to study Chinese medicine? Is something wrong with his head? Parents watching, don't follow his example!” On the show, an academically trained whiz angrily retorts, “What's wrong with my prescription? What gives you the right to change it?” An heir to 76Reads—Score10114d adds
- 122 The Carefree Heavenly Doctor 自在天医 Every practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine should have ten cases they will not treat: First, those who trust Western medicine but not Chinese medicine are beyond treatment. Second, those who think they know better and take both Chinese and Western medicine are beyond treatment. Third, those who refuse to follow medical advice are beyond treatment. Fourth, those who ask the same question over and over are beyond treatment. Fifth, those who have already undergone biopsies and chemotherapy 136Reads—Score10514d adds
- 123 A Small-Town Doctor, A Vast World 小中医，大世界 Zhang Liang, a poor young man from the countryside, was lucky enough to get into a traditional Chinese medicine college thousands of miles from home. After graduating, he struggled to find work and barely managed to land a job at a community hospital, only to be pushed around by the deputy director. With no other options, Zhang Liang forged a different path. Relying on his skill in traditional Chinese medicine, he first treated an elderly farmer from the countryside. Word spread widely, and inte 2.8kReads8.9Score29514d adds
- 124 The Road to a Thriving Medical Career 医路高升 With the help of a surgical training System, an intern steadily hones their surgical skills, gradually makes a name on the world stage, and becomes the brightest star in medicine. 807Reads8.5Score10214d adds
- 125 The Village Doctor Returns 乡村之神医归来 Lin Yang, a sickly boy from a mountain village, tumbles off a cliff while gathering herbs. By a stroke of luck, he becomes the disciple of a miracle doctor. Three years later, he returns home, able to heal the sick, save lives, show off, and deliver face-slapping comebacks like a pro. 345Reads8.8Score—14d adds
- 126 I'm a Chinese Medicine Doctor. A Single Needle Is Worth Billions, and That's No Exaggeration 我中医，一针价值百亿不过分吧 Xu Ran unexpectedly inherits the legacy of the Purple Pole Heavenly Emperor. He excels at everything, from medicine and antique appraisal to alchemy and martial arts. She endured three years of hardship by his side, and he swears to give her the very best of everything. Though the all-capable son-in-law Xu Ran possesses the power to rule the world, he willingly remains a live-in son-in-law, simply because he cannot bear to let down the beautiful woman with whom he fell in love at first sight. 2.5kReads7.9Score17614d adds
- 127 Genius Doctor: Winning a Nobel Prize at a County-Level Grade-A Hospital 天才医生：我在县二甲医院拿诺奖 [Beautiful doctor, beautiful nurse, showing off, face-slapping, System] Qin Zhou was once a genius doctor at a hospital in the capital. But with no connections to back him, the director stole the experimental data he'd researched and published it as his own paper! That same day, Qin Zhou was assigned to assist in an operation. After he merely administered contrast agent, the director pinned the failed surgery on him and blamed him for “killing a patient.” The hospital fired him! On his way back 960Reads8.0Score10014d adds
- 128 The Dentist's Code 牙医法则 A dentist’s clever take on life. Healing magic hidden within 32 teeth. Behind every case lie human warmth and coldness, joys and sorrows. Whether dentists or patients, everyone in this book is a good person. It may seem a little idealistic, but I want to offer readers the warmest comfort, because the world ought to be full of kindness. 35Reads—Score—14d adds
- 129 Your Illness Needs a Good Beating from Martial Arts 你的病，需要被武功打一顿 [Hilarious Urban Comedy + Wild Ideas About Traditional Chinese Medicine + Relaxed Daily Life + Expert-Level Wish Fulfillment + One Heroine] Qingyun has run the family medical clinic for three years and learned just one thing: how to eat dirt with style. He’s been searching for someone “destined” to come along, until he discovers that whenever he touches a patient, he can “steal” their martial arts skills. Got a Tai Chi master’s chills? Treat them with Tai Chi. Got a rash from Iron Shirt training 9Reads—Score—14d adds
- 130 The Medical Cauldron 医鼎记 This is a novel about preserving and passing down the traditions of Chinese medicine. After Sun Haoran gets into medical school, his grandfather, a barefoot doctor, gives him a small family heirloom cauldron. On the night his grandfather dies, the cauldron accidentally enters Sun Haoran’s body, giving him the ability to transmigrate in his dreams to the side of famous doctors from ancient times. He becomes a successor to Bian Que, a friend of Hua Tuo’s direct disciple, and a friend of Zhang Zhon 3.3kReads8.2Score66914d adds
- 131 Dr. Ni's Case Studies 倪师医案 Ni Haixia (1954–2012) was a renowned practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine, specializing in classical formulas and acupuncture. In clinical practice, he was known for accurate diagnoses and combining acupuncture with herbal medicine. Many of his case studies focused on severe and difficult-to-treat illnesses. He emphasized returning to the classical principles of Treatise on Cold Damage and Essentials from the Golden Cabinet, combined with the Five Movements and Six Climates and the Six-C 186Reads7.6Score4814d adds
- 132 Are You Kidding? You Call This an Intern Doctor? 疯了吧，你管这叫实习医生？ Lin Feng, an intern who ranked last in the hospital's assessment, awakened a super medical skills System. From stopping bleeding with his bare hands to acupuncture, and every aspect of traditional Chinese medicine's inspection, listening, questioning, and pulse-taking, he mastered it all. He could even perform Western surgical procedures with ease. Saving lives made him stronger! Years later, at the country's grandest medical research conference, hosted by Lin Feng, one attendee said, “I'm a lea 407Reads7.8Score11114d adds
- 133 After I Was Reported for Practicing Medicine Illegally 非法行医被举报之后 A novel that will help you truly understand traditional Chinese medicine, learn about it, and even study it! If you’re not interested in the story and want to get straight to learning, you can skip the first two volumes and start with the livestream content in Volume Three. Here is a brief introduction to the story. Lin Fan comes from three generations of doctors. But times have changed: Western medicine has risen while traditional Chinese medicine has gradually declined, even facing suppression 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 134 Medical Empire: Starting with a Clinic 医疗帝国：从诊所开始 [Doctor protagonist + urban life + farming + System + one heroine + technical focus] Xu Heng’s life once seemed to have a clear and predictable end. After graduating from medical school, he was set to run a small clinic in his hometown. But he was destined for more: by chance, he acquired the “Medical Overlord System.” With the System’s buffs, Xu Heng’s career took off from then on. What if his medical knowledge isn’t good enough? No problem. Ten days pass in the outside world while only an hour 3kReads8.7Score15614d adds
- 135 The Strongman’s Journal 强人记事 Dreams are pathways connecting parallel worlds. One end lies in the zombie world, the other in the information realm of spirits. After enduring countless hardships to open a passage, a spirit descends into the zombie world and merges with a zombie, a process known as awakening. The spirit spreads the method of opening these passages throughout the zombie world, helping zombies awaken and sharing the universe’s ultimate secrets, the scientific knowledge behind the Grand Unified Theory, and the wa 28Reads—Score—14d adds
- 136 The Best Doctor: I'm the Whole Hospital's Favorite 最强医生：我成了全院的香饽饽 Liu Xiang is a young doctor still fighting for a permanent position at the hospital. After unexpectedly acquiring the Divine Doctor System, he gets a power-up at every turn and instantly becomes the hottest doctor in the ER. The heads of every department are all trying to recruit him. Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery: Come work with me, and I’ll get your permanent position sorted out! Chief of Colorectal Surgery: Xiao Liu, I have a daughter who’s 24 this year, and she’s about to graduate... Patie 332Reads—Score—14d adds
- 137 Practicing Chinese Medicine in 1950 我在1950当中医 Everyone in Qinghe City knows that the eldest branch of the traditional medicine Zhou family was cast out decades ago, and spent those same decades under the thumb of the second and third branches. They thought the eldest branch would never produce another talent. Then, in the spring of 1950, the young Zhou Shiyuan awoke from a high fever. Not only did he save his mother, who was in critical danger during a difficult labor, he also pioneered “acupuncture anesthesia,” greatly easing the shortag 469Reads7.2Score10114d adds
- 138 Now That I’m Reborn, Who’d Still Be a Doctor? 都重生了谁还当医生啊 After eight years in a doctoral program, medical student Lu Chen died suddenly from staying up too late and was reborn in his fifth year of university. A lowly hospital workhorse, a lovesick fool manipulated in relationships, a medical student who only knew how to do experiments, he suddenly shut his heart off and swore he would never be a workhorse again! Someone asked Lu Chen what his motto in life was. Lu Chen: Be a doctor? Not even a dog would do it! Date someone? Not even a dog would do it! 106Reads8.4Score—14d adds
- 139 The Physician's Path to Power 医道仕途 [No System, no cheat, in the style of a chief medical officer] Lin Zhihua was born into a family of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners. On his way to register at a university of Chinese medicine, he suddenly came upon a car accident. He instinctively rushed to help, never expecting to save a high-ranking leader, or that his own life would change so dramatically as a result... 56Reads7.0Score—14d adds
- 140 The Divine Doctor Returns: No Heiress Can Resist Him 神医归来，千金难挡 Surgeon + System + Western medicine + traditional Chinese medicine + research + pharmaceutical skills + steadily stacking buffs Xu Fei is a fresh-faced medical student swept up in a storm of workplace bullying. Yet at his darkest moment, the wheel of fate opens a door to a parallel world. There, he not only receives the blessing of a mysterious System, but also relies on his unyielding will and extraordinary intelligence to break out of his cocoon and become a butterfly, honing his medical skil 5Reads—Score—14d adds
- 141 The Urban Immortal Doctor Who Slays Immortals 都市屠仙医圣 Two years ago, college senior Lü Xin was forced to drop out after a disaster struck: his father went into business and became mentally impaired. Two years later, he unexpectedly inherits a legacy. From then on, he uses his medical skills to save beautiful women and his formidable strength to “wipe out” the self-proclaimed righteous villains of every stripe! But when he returns to his hometown, he receives the terrible news that his father has gone missing... As he searches for his father, he dis 61Reads6.3Score—14d adds
- 142 Mocked as a Traditional Medicine Intern, He Saves Three Lives in a Row and Becomes a Legend 被嘲中医实习生，连救三人封神 His first public failure came in front of a cardiac monitor. As the line went flat, he heard his confidence collapse. Lin Zhixia, a Western medicine intern, used thirty grams of raw Aconite to pull a heart failure patient rejected by three hospitals back from the brink of death. He also missed something at the base of the patient’s tongue, and the emergency room doors closed again. A withered sprig of mugwort fell beside him, drawing him into a legacy passed down across half a century. He put 41Reads—Score—14d adds
- 143 Resident Doctor: From County Hospital to Variety Show Champion 规培生，从县级医院杀到综艺冠军 Lin Bei is a medical resident from a second-tier college, earning just 2,000 yuan at a county hospital. Every day, his department director scolds him: "Graduates from second-tier colleges just aren't good enough." Then, one night shift, he saves a patient in cardiac arrest, and golden words suddenly appear before his eyes [Acute myocardial infarction · complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery] [Recommendation: Emergency PCI, within the 90-minute golden window] From then on, he c 22Reads—Score214d adds
- 144 From Village Doctor to Hospital Director 从村医到院长 [No System] [One Female Lead] [Everyday Life] [Rural Life] [Slow Growth] [Realistic] Wang Jinyi studied traditional Chinese medicine and graduated from a junior college. In an era when even university graduates couldn't find hospitals willing to hire them, his only option was to head to the countryside and become a village doctor. Born into a farming family, he didn't start out with lofty ideals of saving lives and easing suffering, or the dedication of a great physician. At first, he only wante 29kReads8.9Score4.3k14d adds
- 145 The Medicinal Cuisine Chronicles 药食记 If you don’t want to be a foodie, you’re no good as a Chinese medicine doctor. I may look young, but I already have twenty years of experience. That’s what Yang Cang said. Updates to Stories of Mizhou on weekends. I’ll keep writing this book with care. Stay tuned. 7Reads—Score—14d adds
- 146 Spring Deepens on the Ridge 岭上春深 When a thousand years of traditional Chinese medicine wisdom collides with a deadly conspiracy, can He Sanli solve the mystery in a race against death? The Deep Spring on the Ridge takes you into a world filled with the scent of herbs and thrilling twists. Every prescription is a clue, and every consultation is a battle of wits. Mystery fans won't want to miss this brain-teasing masterpiece, and traditional Chinese medicine enthusiasts shouldn't miss this cultural feast. Come uncover the truth! —Reads—Score114d adds
- 147 Heir to the Way of Medicine 道医传承人 One scroll of the Green Pouch brings peace to the world; nine layers of starry seas save all living beings. When the ancient Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon meets the vast sea of stars, and Five-Element acupuncture pierces the barriers of the universe, a young man carrying on the legacy of Daoist medicine journeys from campus to the stars, from healing individuals to restoring civilizations, and ultimately becomes the “Galaxy Medical Saint,” revered across countless worlds. College student Zhou Anp 33Reads6.9Score—14d adds
- 148 A Doctor’s Wild Ride 医路狂飙 A master surgeon's soul transmigrates into the body of an ordinary resident doctor. From then on, young doctor Wang Chen becomes a surgical genius, diagnosing all kinds of difficult cases and completing one complex operation after another. He races ahead in his medical career, collecting so many banners and trophies that his hands are full. Someone advises him, “In medicine, you have to stay humble and keep your feet on the ground.” Wang Chen can only reply helplessly, “I want to keep a low prof —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 149 The Road to Medical Greatness 医路青云 A decorated military doctor is reborn in another world. A medical student transforms into a surgical genius. Zhao Yuan battles death, performing one top-tier operation after another. Humble and unassuming, he starts as an intern and rises steadily to become a medical authority renowned throughout the world! 33Reads9.2Score—14d adds
- 150 Livestreaming Medical Consultations: I Became the Ancestor of Chinese Medicine 直播看病：我竟成了中医祖师爷 [System + Traditional Chinese Medicine + livestreaming + miracle doctor + melodrama] After studying Traditional Chinese Medicine for three years, he still hadn't had a single patient. Just as he was starting to think there was no future in it, a System appeared. Complete the System's missions and earn rewards. Ding! Congratulations, you've acquired god-tier pulse diagnosis skills. Ding! Congratulations, you've acquired god-tier bone-setting skills. Ding! Congratulations, you've acquired god-tier 371Reads8.7Score10314d adds
