Novels like I Am the City's Sword Immortal
Books Chinese readers most often put in the same booklists as I Am the City's Sword Immortal, best match first.
- 51 Reborn as the Sword Sovereign of the City 重生之都市剑尊 The legendary Sword Venerable Qin Yun is reborn five hundred years in the past. In my previous life, I was invincible across the heavens, yet utterly alone. In this life, I’ll sweep through the mortal world with my sword and tread among the stars. I swear to live without regrets! 1.5kReads8.3Score13214d adds
- 52 After Ten Years of Lessons from My Fairy Master, I Came Down the Mountain Invincible 仙女师父教学十年后，下山无敌了 Returning from the mountains as a master + decisive and ruthless + divine medicine and physiognomy + sweet, heartwarming romance and everyday life + ten thousand words updated daily Ten years ago, his entire family was slaughtered over an ancient scroll, the Hongmeng Kunlun Diagram. Fortunately, he was saved by nine immortal beauties, his masters from the Xiaoyao Immortal Sect, and embarked on the path of cultivation. His eldest master taught him how to navigate the world through business strate 127Reads5.9Score—14d adds
- 53 The Divine Emperor Returns 神帝归来 After sleeping for a billion years, he awakens one day in search of a beauty. He returns to the city, and the flames of an ancient war ignite once more. The author’s completed novel, The Immortal Emperor Returns, is available. No dropped updates, no abandoning the story, so feel free to dive in. 37Reads8.3Score—14d adds
- 54 There's a Leaderboard at the End of the Dimension 维度的尽头有个榜单 This novel’s main focus is ascending to higher dimensions, with plenty of material involving time and planes of existence. I’ve been developing this idea for three years. It shouldn’t be too bad... right? Those who support a new author are early investors. Thank you, everyone! Scene break After gaining the authority of a fourth-dimensional life-form, Zhao Yu gazed into spacetime for the first time. So... The possibilities of the fifth —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 55 Cultivating Immortality in the City: Coming Down the Mountain as a Defiant Rebel! 都市修仙，下山当反骨仔！ [The Record of Leaving the Dust] Animated series now streaming! [Urban power fantasy + decisive and ruthless + Nascent Soul powerhouse + invincible + multiple realms + master descends the mountain] The rules of the city? The prestige of the wealthy? The games of the powerful? In front of me, Ye Lingtian, a rebel to the core, they are all complete bullshit! Sorry, but starting today, I make the rules around here! Punch arrogant rich heirs, kick evil-doers to the curb, save a beauty when I have ti 4.3kReads8.3Score32014d adds
- 56 This Is My Identity? I Can’t Even Keep a Low Profile! 我这身份？想低调都不行！ [Complete, with a Satisfying Ending! Urban Wealthy Families | Cast-Off Son’s Rise | Hidden Big Shot] At the Zhou family’s birthday banquet in Jiangcheng, the down-and-out young man Chen Mo was the laughingstock of the entire city. Yet he was actually the illegitimate son abandoned by the capital’s top-tier Chen family. Everyone thought he had no one to rely on and could be mocked and trampled at will. Zhou Kun, a rich second-generation heir, even exposed Chen Mo’s background and humiliated him 2.9kReads7.4Score27914d adds
- 57 Immortals and Gods, Keep Out: I Became the Nation's Most Wanted Fugitive 仙神禁行：我成了全国头号通缉犯 More than twenty years ago, rebellion erupted in Huayang's southwestern region, and flames of war consumed the land. Everyone thought the territory would be carved up and a new nation founded. Nobody could imagine that anything might change. But Zhao Chongyi stood up. Starting from nothing, he built up an army from scratch and reclaimed lost territory inch by inch. The scorched earth he passed through turned into fertile fields again, and the battles he fought struck terror into his enemies. T —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 58 A Chance to Start Over 给你一次重新开始的机会 Urban cultivation + soul rebirth An “accident,” a “return” that turns fate upside down. Guan Qinghan, an utterly ordinary man, was at the lowest point in his life when a sudden car crash brought his story to an end. The icy grip of death consumed him completely! But he was no longer entirely himself! A vast, unfamiliar force from primordial times surged forth and forcibly merged with his dying consciousness. When he opened his eyes again, time had turned back. He was fifteen. Guan Qinghan had re 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 59 The Immortal Lord Returns 仙尊归来 In his previous life, his girlfriend betrayed him, his parents died tragically, and his family was destroyed. Unable to endure the humiliation, he chose to end his own life. In this life, he returned from the immortal realm. He would repay every grudge from his past life a hundredfold! “Once, I lacked the strength to protect those closest to me. Now, I will make the whole world grovel at my feet!” 2.1kReads7.0Score17014d adds
- 60 A Long Song for the Dawn 祈明长歌 These are the best of times. The Immortal Dynasty reigns supreme, and all nations pay tribute. The ancient Church has ruled its corner of the world for a thousand years. Geniuses rise one after another, dazzling the world. These are the worst of times. Divine authority reigns supreme, and the people live in misery. Evil cultivators run rampant, and demons roam unchecked. Behind the sacred halo lies a mountain of corpses. Beneath the Church, the Immortal Dynasty, and the Divine Eagle Federat 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 61 Golden Core Cultivation from the Start: Confessing to My Childhood Friend, the Campus Belle 开局金丹期：向青梅校花表白 [Invincible] + [Urban Cultivation] + [One Female Lead] + [Reborn] + [Immortal Emperor] Lin Xuan, the Qian Kun Sword Emperor, had reigned supreme in the immortal realm for ten thousand years. Just as he was about to overcome his tribulation and ascend to godhood, his sworn brothers ambushed him and brought about his death. He was Reborn on Blue Star. Back on Blue Star, Lin Xuan is determined to rewrite the hardships of his past and protect his family, as well as his childhood sweetheart, who has 875Reads7.2Score10214d adds
- 62 An Ordinary College Junior, Transmigrated to the Cultivation World to Live in Luxury 大三小人物，穿到修仙界苟富贵 An ordinary third-year college student falls into a parallel cultivation world, where one wrong step could make him vanish forever. Sect battles and bizarre secret realms unfold one after another, as prodigies scramble for immortal opportunities and chase eternal life. Everyone sees him as an insignificant nobody. In the end, the entire cultivation world is stunned to realize that he has reached the point where it’s time for them to “answer for themselves.” “Fellow Daoists, give me an explanati —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 63 The Supreme God King in the City 至尊神王在都市 (My new book has reached 1.4 million words and is still updating. It's an apocalyptic zombie story that turns the usual tropes on their head, with an intelligent plot that follows the logic of real life. Fellow readers who are interested can click my profile picture and check it out. Thanks so much! "I Really Don't Want an Apocalypse" is also known as "The Zombies Came, but My Apocalypse Wasn't Like the Web Novels") [Urban Cultivation + Superpowers + Alien Technology + Invincible] What would you 465Reads5.0Score10014d adds
- 64 The Azure Emperor Returns: A City Cultivation Tale 都市修仙之青帝归来 "If one day I become the Azure Emperor, I'll make all the peach blossoms bloom together!" The Azure Emperor was destroyed by a heart demon while undergoing tribulation. Returning to his youth on Earth, he begins cultivating immortality in the modern city! 1.2kReads7.4Score10014d adds
- 65 The Path of Rebirth and Cultivation 重生修仙之途 Chen Hao thought he was an ordinary heartthrob reborn in his high school days, but soon discovered that this world was far more complicated than it seemed. Ancient cultivation traditions, hidden cultivator factions in the city, and sinister Netherworld cults lurking in the shadows... His ordinary fate from his previous life had been completely upended. With a trace of his reborn soul and the inexplicably compatible Supreme Art, the Grand Void Heavenly Evolution Scripture, he began on campus 17Reads—Score—14d adds
- 66 Spiritual Zen 灵禅 At the summit of Ku Wu Mountain, Lingchan Sect was once a giant of the cultivation world, with immortals flocking to pay homage. Now it has become a national 5A-rated tourist attraction. In this age of declining magic, the spiritual veins have dried up and all living things are destined for the grave. Only security guard Xu Xian has cultivated himself into the one and only immortal of the age, using nothing but a mouthful of wasted energy. See how this security guard of the age of declining mag 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 67 The Modern Cultivator 现代修真者 Modern Cultivators 315Reads—Score—14d adds
- 68 Freshman Year: I Can’t Keep My Vampire Identity Hidden Anymore 大一新生：我的血族身份藏不住了 [Urban High Martial Arts] [Superpowers] [Multiple Heroines] [play the pig to eat the tiger] [Invincible] [Extra Sweet, Extra Satisfying]… [If you enjoy this book, please follow it and add it to your collection. Leave lots of comments to keep me motivated, and I’ll do my best to bring you plenty of updates every day! Sending love~️] Spiritual qi revival has come to the modern world. Martial arts are on the rise, demonic beasts lurk beneath the cities, and hidden forces are stirring in the shadow 2Reads—Score—14d adds
- 69 I Cultivate Immortality in the City and Crush Anyone Who Dares Defy Me! 我于都市修仙，杀穿一切不服！ Reborn into a second life, Ye Hao has died twice. In his first life, he died a miserable death. In his second, he rushed into the forbidden Abyssal Rift in pursuit of a higher realm and died with his head held high. Now he has entered a third life, returning to the moment he died in his first. This time, Ye Hao won't be reckless. He is determined to perfect both his cultivation and his life. And so, a god who kills without hesitation arrives in the bustling city. The campus belle throws herself 294Reads7.3Score10314d adds
- 70 Dao Yan: Mystical Dust 道衍玄尘 [Reader’s Note] There are no raging torrents or soaring waterfalls here, only a gentle stream. We recommend settling into it as you would soothing music. What is real and what is fantasy coexist, as do truth and illusion. Any resemblance is purely coincidental, so feel free to smile and let it pass. [Synopsis] An economics PhD is reborn in another world as a village youth. With guidance from an extraordinary master and help from a hidden realm, he cultivates both body and magic, practices medici 3Reads—Score—14d adds
- 71 I Cultivated into a Great Golden Immortal in the City 我在都市修成大罗金仙 Xu Changsheng, a prospective university student, accidentally falls into the ruins of Yuxu Palace. By a twist of fate, he obtains the Investiture of the Gods and inherits the legacy of ancient deities. Thus begins his path of cultivation in an age when the world’s spiritual power is waning. As his strength steadily grows, he gradually uncovers the secret behind the ancient gods’ downfall. To grow stronger still, he sets out in search of the other gods. 959Reads7.5Score9814d adds
- 72 Back Three Days Before the Spiritual Qi Revival from the Start 开局回到灵气复苏前三天 Urban fantasy + spiritual qi revival + reborn + immortal cultivation + ancient martial arts + technology + traditional Chinese medicine Spiritual qi revival begins on Earth, and living things evolve at breakneck speed. Human martial arts masters create new techniques and establish their own schools, ushering the whole world into the age of immortal cultivation. Meanwhile, Lu Yong, an ordinary man, is taken into the Banner of Ten Thousand Souls from the start. Reborn, he discovers that he has ret 170Reads5.3Score—14d adds
- 73 The Emperor Comes to the City 帝临都市 [Snow-white + Showbiz + turning everything over to the country + Cultivation + Japan, Korea, Europe, and America + womanizer + smoking, drinking, and getting a perm] Immortal Emperor Chu Mo is reborn at the gates of his old school, with the past vivid in his mind. This time, when the campus beauty gets into trouble, he resolutely chooses to stand by and do nothing. But fate's gears turn once again, and he still gets dragged into it. “Don’t leave! We’ll explain everything at the police station!” 126Reads6.1Score—14d adds
- 74 I Returned from the Immortal Realm, and You're Telling Me You Want to Break Off Our Engagement? 我从仙界归来，你跟我说要退婚 [Invincible cultivation, decisive and merciless, explosive wish fulfillment, multiple worlds, crushing everything in his path] Back then, Ye Chaochen was trampled into the dirt. On his wedding day, his older brother was buried alive, his younger sister was abused, and his family was destroyed. Now, having reached the supreme heights of the Immortal Realm, he reverses time and returns to Earth. Armed with countless immortal arts, he is invincible in the mortal world. But then his enemies show up 598Reads8.4Score10314d adds
- 75 Cultivation, and Only I Reign: A Path of Vengeance and Slaughter 修仙唯我：复仇与杀伐之路 [The initial scores have just come in, but they'll go up!] [Urban cultivation + the only cultivator + revenge + invincible + ruthless and decisive + satisfying power fantasy + coldhearted protagonist] Chen Xingyun was framed by his friend and girlfriend working together, and ended up stranded on a deserted island. But there was still hope. While struggling to survive on the island, he obtained a cultivation inheritance and became the only cultivator on Blue Star. His childhood sweetheart sudde 86Reads6.7Score—14d adds
- 76 The Immortal Emperor Returns: I’m Really Just Here to Retire 仙帝归来，我真是回来退休的 Cen Qing has returned from the cultivation world and just wants to enjoy a little peace and quiet in the city. But one troublemaker after another keeps showing up, completely oblivious to the danger. Since he can’t avoid them, he might as well erase them with a single finger. 7.4kReads7.0Score60914d adds
- 77 Fame Ruined Me! I Cultivate Immortality for the Sake of a Beauty 功名误我！只为红颜修仙 In a single day, the name Xu Changqing became known throughout the land. He wore a brilliant red robe embroidered with elaborate designs, a black gauze hat adorned with golden flowers, and rode a tall white horse down Zhuque Avenue. With the spring breeze at his back, his horse galloped. In a single day, he saw all the flowers of Jing'an! A wild arrogance surged through Xu Changqing's chest and straight to his head! When he got home, he discovered that his wife, Su Wanqing, was gravely ill and c 1Reads—Score—14d adds
- 78 Reborn: The Celestial Emperor Cultivates in the City 重生之天帝在都市修仙 “Peerless Heavenly Emperor” Ye Youchen was assassinated by the Ten Immortal Kings of the Nine Heavens Immortal Realm and was reborn on Earth. From the start, he seemed to have hit the jackpot: he was a student at a top university. Little did he know that it was the beginning of a life of drudgery! Faced with taunts from romantic rivals and threats and temptations from rich heirs, only his grandfather worked tirelessly, farming and scavenging, to put him through university. He resolved to cultiva 5Reads—Score—14d adds
- 79 The Heavenly Doctor and Martial Saint 医武天尊 A month in the mortal world is a million years in the Immortal Realm. After a million years undefeated across the various divine realms, a generation’s Medical and Martial Venerable learned that only a month had passed in the mortal world and decided to return to it. 317Reads8.1Score—14d adds
- 80 If I Can't Break Through the Heavens, Can't I Still Establish My Foundation? 破不开天，我还不能筑基了？ Zhou Jian transmigrated to the Xuantian Realm. Despite having supreme talent, he was stuck at the Qi Refining stage for a hundred thousand years! He could neither make progress nor die. In those hundred thousand years, the little girl he once taught became the terrifying Empress of the Demon Race. The chicken he raised became the Phoenix King. Even a tree he planted on a whim became Willow God. And because he was still at the Qi Refining stage, he couldn’t cultivate powerful spells and could onl 677Reads8.3Score—14d adds
- 81 The Return of the Cultivator to the City 都市之修仙归来 [The hottest new novel of 2017] Xiao Yuqi: “Would you marry me three years from now?” Chu Yun: “The Hongmen heiress, the goddess of every homebody, ranked first on the world’s most beautiful faces list for three years running. In the prime of your youth, pure as ice and jade. Yuqi, do you think I’m worthy of you?” Xiao Yuqi: “I don’t care. I’ll only ask you this: three years from now, will you marry me?” In his previous life, one sentence from Chu Yun caused the woman he loved to die with regre 3.1kReads7.8Score31214d adds
- 82 Reborn as the Number One Immortal Venerable in the City 重生之都市第一仙尊 In his past life, his girlfriend betrayed him, his father died tragically, and he was left disabled before dying in despair! In this life, he has returned from the world of cultivation! “In my past life, I was powerless to protect my family, and I lost everything. Now, I’ll make the whole world grovel at my feet!” 1.9kReads8.2Score15114d adds
- 83 The Goddess’s Cultivation Master 女神的修仙高手 My name is Ye Yi. Ye, as in "when the leaves fall, they return to their roots," and Yi, as in "one hand covering the sky"! I was an Immortal Venerable, and now I have returned to the mortal world five hundred years in the past. Looking at the ridiculous buffoons before me, I can only laugh. You can't discuss the sea with a frog in a well, or ice with a summer insect! You insignificant ants... I'm back! 720Reads7.7Score10114d adds
- 84 I Returned from Cultivation, and You’re Telling Me My Daughter Is Dying? 修仙归来，你告诉我女儿快死了？ “Daddy, Nannan hurts so much. Is Nannan going to die...?” After vanishing for five years, Lin Xuan had already reached the pinnacle of the cultivation world and earned the title of Abyssal Heavenly Emperor! He tore through the void and returned, only to find his wife missing. His elderly father had spent everything to save his granddaughter and suffered humiliation at the hands of local thugs. And his sweet, well-behaved daughter was suffering from a “terminal illness,” with her life hanging by 10Reads—Score10014d adds
- 85 My Transmigration Failed, So I Can Only Pretend to Be Cultivating Immortality 穿越失败的我只能假装修仙 Huang Musong successfully bound himself to a System and was supposed to transmigrate to a cultivation world, but instead he unexpectedly found himself reborn in the summer right after graduating from high school. But the System he bound to is still a cultivation-type one! What is he supposed to do now? The way of life in a world of immortals and the real world have absolutely nothing in common! Is he going to have to fool the System and pretend to cultivate? [System Quest 1: You are about to enc —Reads—Score—14d adds
- 86 The Immortal Path Through the Mystic Mirror 奇镜仙途 Zheng Dabao, a poor boy from a mountain village, had thought he would spend his whole life in that remote, impoverished place. But a fateful encounter in the mountains completely changed the course of his life! By chance, he obtained the legacy of a mysterious cultivator, which led him into the enigmatic world of cultivation. He also unexpectedly acquired the wondrous Spiritlight Mirror, gaining the heaven-defying ability to deduce cultivation techniques. With boundless longing for cultivation a 3.3kReads8.0Score38714d adds
- 87 The Ruler of the City 都市君临天下 That year, snow fell across the world. Just as she was at the height of her beauty and renown, she faded away. He went on to become an unrivaled general! He remembered saying he would marry her. In life or in death! 1.5kReads7.9Score—14d adds
- 88 Return of the Cultivator 修真归来 Ten years ago, his girlfriend was stolen from him, and he died unexpectedly in disgrace. Ten years later, he returns from an incredible world of cultivation. He only wants a peaceful life, but the overly kind are always bullied. The only choice is to shine again and become a demon! He turns the tide, rewrites history from this moment on, and begins his path to a comeback! 625Reads8.5Score16914d adds
- 89 The City's Number One Immortal Venerable 都市之第一仙尊 Reborn, I will trample all living beings beneath my feet in this life! 8.7kReads7.9Score71214d adds
- 90 After a Hundred Thousand Years of Life, I’m Invincible in the Mortal World 长生十万年，我无敌于人世间 [Invincible Protagonist + Immortal Life + Showy Swagger + Cultivation] Su Long is the last immortal in the world. After living for more than a hundred thousand years, he plans to bury himself in a coffin and sleep for a few thousand more. But someone accidentally wakes him up. Looking at the modern city two thousand years after he fell asleep, Su Long decides to wander the world again and experience the everyday bustle of human life. As he slowly travels through the human world, the secrets with 245Reads—Score10314d adds
- 91 Nascent Soul True Lord: Reborn in High School, I Cultivate Immortality Under the Radar 元婴真君，重生高中低调修仙 It was only a tribulation to become a Deity. If I died, I could just start over. But now I’m back in a modern city where spiritual energy is scarce. What’s Lu Yun supposed to do? As the only cultivator in the world, Lu Yun can only sigh helplessly. He has no choice but to quietly grow stronger, then amaze the entire world. 248Reads—Score—14d adds
- 92 Urban: The Divine Emperor Is Reborn, Starting as a Live-In Son-in-Law 都市：神帝重生，从上门女婿开始 [Invincible + Ruthless + Power Fantasy + Live-in Son-in-Law + Immortal Cultivation + Urban Cultivation] Divine Emperor Long Junlin tried to defy the heavens in the divine realm, only to be beaten to death. Reborn in the modern city, he begins a spectacular journey of cultivation to regain his Divine Emperor status. Then one day, he discovers that chasing women is more fun than cultivating. And so, a wily old monster who puts seduction first, cultivation second, and is always ready to defy the he 4.3kReads8.1Score46014d adds
- 93 Divine Taiji Physique 太极神体 (Multiple female leads. If that’s not your thing, please don’t read. Thank you!) At the dawn of the universe, all races vied for supremacy. The human youth Xuanyuan Wushang unexpectedly awakened the Supreme Taiji Divine Physique and gained a miraculous opportunity in alchemy. From then on, he surged forward, defeating prodigies from every direction, winning the hearts of beauties from every race, and leading humanity to a powerful rise! He comprehends the Great Dao, opens the cycle of reincarnat 149Reads6.5Score—14d adds
- 94 The Strongest Immortal Emperor Reborn in the City 最强仙帝重生都市 The strongest Immortal Emperor, Ye Xuan, perishes alongside his foe in a battle against the heavens, only to return to his youth on Earth. In his previous life, Ye Xuan strode over countless races, yet had no one by his side. In this life, he only wants to erase every regret and once again laugh above the heavens. Anyone who dares stand in his way, kill! Anyone who dares harm his loved ones, kill! Anyone who dares bully the human race, kill! The strongest Immortal Emperor, Ye Xuan, will fight hi 2kReads7.2Score15714d adds
- 95 A Qi Refiner Transmigrates to the City 练气士穿越都市 Xu Shan was a low-level Qi cultivator in the Netherworld. After buying a copper ring at the marketplace and putting it on, he somehow transmigrated to a modern, high-tech city. This world was short on spiritual energy, and immortals existed only in legends. Xu Shan was the only cultivator in the entire city, with no one else able to follow his path. The copper ring could take him between worlds, and by drawing on the resources of several different worlds, he rose from a lone cultivator to a powe 396Reads7.2Score—14d adds
- 96 Xuan Xiao Returns 玄霄重临 A true lord in my past life, a cast-off son in this one. I return to the modern city with memories of priceless treasures, carving my way from Earth to the Immortal Realm. The debts you owe me will be repaid. The throne of the Immortal Realm must change hands. This is Xuan Xiao’s return. 8Reads—Score—14d adds
- 97 Why Mess With Him? He Takes Everyone Down in One Move 你惹他干嘛，他见谁都是一招秒 [Decisive and Ruthless + High-Energy Power Fantasy + Steamrolls Every Opponent] Xiao Chen, a great cultivator who had overcome the tribulation, returns reborn. No cultivation? No problem! I’ll absorb all the spiritual energy on Earth and reach the Land Immortal realm in an instant, becoming invincible under heaven. The first thing I do after returning is wipe out my enemies’ entire family. I won’t even spare their dogs! When I, Xiao Chen, act, I answer only to my conscience, not to cause and eff 6.1kReads8.5Score53114d adds
- 98 I'm Cultivating in the Immortal Realm When Earth Calls for Help 人在修仙界，地球打来求救电话 [No System, decisive and ruthless, not a do-gooder, saving the world, feel-good story, genius, lightning-fast cultivation, classic style] [Traveling between Earth and the Cultivation World] In Earth's New Era, humanity blundered into the dark forest of the universe, exposing itself to a vast, blood-soaked cosmic hunting ground. Lu Chuan set out into the stars in humanity's name, hoping to find a glimmer of light in that desperate situation, one that could illuminate the world. But he accidentall 24Reads7.8Score—14d adds
- 99 EN I've Become an Immortal Emperor, So It's Only Natural to Return to Earth, Right? 我都成仙帝了，重回地球很合理吧 [Urban cultivation + ruthless and decisive + settling scores with gleeful vengeance + invincible passion] Ye Tian was framed, but unexpectedly arrived in the Immortal Realm and became the Heaven-Treading Immortal Emperor. On the day he stood at the pinnacle of the Immortal Realm, he reversed time and space and returned to Earth. The grudges from the past would be repaid in blood. 5.4kReads8.3Score36914d adds
- 100 I Taught Myself Cultivation in College! 我上大学时自学修仙！ [Urban xianxia + amorous swordsman + dominating the world in the later stages + saving a collapsing world] Before starting university, the utterly ordinary Chen Xingyu happened to take a one-day trip to another world, where he learned the art of immortal cultivation. After returning to Earth, he planned to keep a low profile and secretly live forever. But an ancient immortal revealed the truth about the world to him: Spiritual energy would eventually revive, and the Demon King was about to desce 1.8kReads8.2Score15914d adds
