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"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, for the vast majority of civilians, family and clan were almost the only place where they lived for a long time, and naturally became one of the main places where people interacted, conflicted and even committed crimes. The social structure of "family and country as one" makes the judiciary pay special attention to criminal behavior within the family, and uses punishment to regulate the hierarchical order and implement Confucian ethics. From the perspective of the Wufu system, this book selects dozens of cases about intra-family crimes from various compilations of numerous criminal cases. On this basis, it summarizes the adjudication standards and reasoning logic of the Qing Dynasty's judicial departments at all levels when it comes to such crimes, so as to explain the influence and control of the patriarchal hierarchical order on the law and highlight the ethical characteristics of ancient Chinese law.

"Religion and History (Twelfth Series)" is planned by the famous Buddhist scholar Professor Cheng Gongrang. It focuses on the study of Buddhist history and culture and includes three columns: Buddhist Sinicization Research, Buddhist History and Culture Research, and Book Reviews. The articles included in this collection enrich and expand the Sinicization of Buddhism, an ancient issue in the study of Chinese religious history, from different angles. They also conduct in-depth exploration of the academic depth in the fields of Buddhist classics, Buddhist thought, and the development of Buddhist sects. They focus on current academic cutting-edge issues and methods and demonstrate the academic characteristics of contemporary Chinese Buddhist researchers.

"The intersection of China and the West" is a state of Sino-foreign relations and a perspective from which to understand modern Chinese society; "modern cities and villages" includes all of modern Chinese society. Since modern China was a country with a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, almost all its changes were inseparable from the influence of Western factors. This book is a collection of some papers from the international academic symposium "Modern China's Cities and Rural Areas at the Intersection of East and West" held in Hangzhou in October 2013. The included papers include content from multiple disciplines such as economic history, social history, and cultural history, and provide multi-faceted and in-depth discussions on modern Sino-foreign relations and the changes in modern Chinese society.

This issue of "Jiangnan Social History Review" contains about 20 papers. The "Written Talk" column brings together Li Bozhong, Zhao Shiyu, Tang Lixing, Zou Zhenhuan, Chen Baoliang and other key scholars who study Jiangnan history and social history, as well as cutting-edge scholars in the field of Jiangnan art history research such as Ye Kangning and Lien Mian. Their cross-border dialogue around Jiangnan social history and Jiangnan art history will bring new ideas and new inspirations to the academic world. Mr. Chen Baoliang, a master of Ming history, has always been known for his rich historical materials in his papers. This new work he collaborated with Liu Guomin deeply excavated the folk rumors and satirical poems in the Jiangnan area of ​​the Ming Dynasty, and thus sheds light on the changes in the scholarly style of Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty.

This is a classic about the social changes in medieval China. It relies on the statistics and research of massive epitaph data to re-outline another aspect of the collapse of the Tang Empire. It reveals that under the social, economic and institutional changes of the seventh and eighth centuries, the Tang Dynasty's powerful families were more successful than we previously thought. Only during the thirty years of great turmoil that followed Huang Chao's capture of Chang'an in 880 did their political influence collapse due to widespread physical extermination.

This book focuses on the construction of reading cultures in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China and the related issues of "reception politics", as well as the issue of how new knowledge from Europe, America and Japan is reproduced in China, such as enlightenment, new sexual ethics and reproductive concepts, some of which are different from those in the West. How were the key concepts closely related to modernity, such as Hegel, Gutenberg, and Esperanto, concretized, localized, and even symbolized in the introduction by the mass media and intellectual elites who "replaced the old and sought the new"?

This book is mainly divided into two parts: "Research" and "Documentation". The "Research Collection" includes papers written by scholars such as Guo Changying, which conducts in-depth discussions on the interactive relationship between charity performances and the media in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, as well as the form of charity performances, performance content, fundraising methods, relief objects, donation management, etc.; The "Literature Collection" mainly focuses on newspapers such as Tianjin's "Ta Kung Pao", "Peking University Journal" and "Yi Shi Bao", and extensively collects and organizes various types of information related to charity performances, as well as stills and other pictures of charity performances.

It contains more than 20 papers by scholars at home and abroad on Jiangnan society. Among them, the paper by Professor Wang Zhenzhong of Fudan University further deepened the research on Huizhou merchants that he has been engaged in for many years by examining the activities of Huizhou merchants in Longyou, Zhejiang during the Qing Dynasty; the papers by Jiang Zhaoqiang and Ding Xiuzhen of Anhui Normal University restored the life world of a late Ming scholar by exploring the home life, writing experience and travel itinerary of Suzhou dramatist Zhang Dafu; In the most important years in the history of modern times, the game between Chinese and foreign parties in the important city of Shanghai; researcher Ye Zhou of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences explored the transformation of family education in modern Jiangnan through research on the different attitudes of some local aristocratic families in Jiangsu towards new education in the late Qing Dynasty; the papers by Professor Zhong Chong and Zhang Hanwen of the Normal University preliminarily sorted out the basic situation such as the type, distribution and evolution of Taoist temples in the old city of Shanghai. The papers in this issue cover Jiangnan social history, Jiangnan economic history, Jiangnan cultural history, Jiangnan urban history, etc., Showing the rich and colorful picture of Jiangnan society from many aspects.

The purpose of this book is to combine it with the elective course "Comments on Chinese and Foreign Historical Figures" offered in middle schools to compile a university textbook that will help train teachers. Specifically, it is to study how to comment on historical figures in order to systematically and comprehensively understand and understand historical figures, so as to study history more deeply and understand history more deeply. The author adheres to the correct perspective of historical materialism and constructs an evaluation system for historical figures from various aspects such as the creation and restriction of historical figures by the background of the times, the commonalities and personalities between historical figures, the value and role of historical figures under various dimensions, and the reality and fiction of historical figures expressed through various communication channels. On the one hand, this book can broaden the horizons and deepen the understanding of middle school teachers in training. At the same time, it will also be of great benefit in cultivating integrity, independence and critical thinking skills. Therefore, it can be considered that this book has certain publication value.

This book starts from the Chinese historical tradition, especially the relationship between justice, administration and politics since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It focuses on provincial judicial subjects such as the governors and governors, especially governors. Based on the dual perspectives of local administration and the relationship between monarchs and ministers, the first part focuses on analyzing the actions of governors and other governors in handling self-litigation, exile cases, and death penalty cases (selecting the autumn trials of over-trials and executions); the second part is based on the perspectives of local administration and the relationship between monarchs and ministers. A more divergent discussion will be conducted around the theme of provincial justice in the Qing Dynasty, including the intersection of local criminal names and money and grain matters in each direct province, the provincial regulations in each province that have triple meanings of legislation, justice, and administration, the criminal thoughts of typical governors in different stages of the Qing Dynasty in the context of local administration and contemporary politics, and finally, in the context of spatial politics, the legal culture of traditional Chinese government offices represented by the Zhili Governor-General's Office and its modern significance will be elucidated.

Chongqing in the Qing Dynasty was a rising commercial city on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and an immigrant city in the process of reconstruction. How would business operate in such a city? How will people from different regions and engaged in different industries interact to shape a unique business order? This book uses commercial litigation files from the Qing Dynasty's "Ba County Archives" as the main material to answer these two questions. The book outlines the three evolutionary stages of Chongqing's commercial system in the Qing Dynasty, and extracts the operating logic of "controlling business by difference (centi)" in the Chongqing market in the Qing Dynasty. That is, both local officials and businessmen were involved, and political power was the decisive factor in Chongqing's commercial changes in the Qing Dynasty.

This book is a collection of works focusing on historical methodology. It contains a total of 21 articles, focusing on the three fields of "disaster history", "economic history" and "academic history". Among them, the field of disaster history is divided into two themes: "Approaches to Research on Disaster History" and "Looking at Local Characteristics from Disaster History"; the field of economic history is divided into two themes: "Orientation of Economic and Social History" and "Reflection on the Paradigm of Economic History"; and the field of academic history is divided into two themes: "Genealogy of Chinese History in the United States" and "Academic History of Qing History Research". The author strives to show that historical research, on the basis of empirical work and logical thinking, must also have sufficient theoretical consciousness, so as to ensure that its own research has a clear enough problem awareness and achieve academic innovation.

This collection of two research topics completed by Gao Yihan respectively provides a complete introduction to the ins and outs of the censor system and the cabinet system in the history of our country. The genres of these two research topics are roughly the same. They both study China's political system from the perspective of history and legal system, and create a systematic narrative. Although the materials used are not complete, the outline of the changes and evolution has been described in detail. Or it can be used as a reference for those who study this issue, which is unknown.

This book is the only popular historical work written by the historian Mr. Lu Simian during his lifetime. Based on rich historical knowledge, the author makes a detailed distinction between the characters, events, wars and geographical environment that existed in the history of the Three Kingdoms and were shaped in the literature of the Three Kingdoms from the perspective of literature and history. He also conducts in-depth analysis of many major historical issues and puts forward many valuable insights. Mr. Lu's history writing focuses on the comprehensive study of society and he is the most comprehensive. He often comments on history with a unique eye. Therefore, this book has become an important reference for Mr. Yi Zhongtian's review of the Three Kingdoms.

By analyzing memorials, the carrier of Yanguan's thoughts, this book strives to reveal Yanguan's performance in major events and show the influence and role of this group in modern social changes. From a new research perspective, this paper systematically examines the relationship between the official group and the government in the late Qing Dynasty, discusses the development and changes of the official system, and the impact of the official group on government and social changes. At the same time, it also puts forward a number of new insights on traditional scholar-bureaucrats and social transformation, the operation and gains and losses of the supervisory system in the late Qing Dynasty, and the political disputes between political factions in the late Qing Dynasty. Overall, this result shows how social changes promote the development and changes of social elite groups, making up for the gaps and deficiencies in related research.

The 12 articles included in "Religion and History (Volume 11)" are all in the modern period, including 10 articles in the field of Chinese Christian history, one each in the history of modern Korean Christianity and the history of modern Chinese Catholicism. The authors are mostly young talents in this field. The editor divides the article into five columns based on the topic, which are people and events, societies and ministries, women's studies, literature research, and overseas perspectives. Most of these themes have been hot topics in the field of domestic Christian history in recent years, and the articles included in this collection have been useful expansions on individual cases focusing on the above themes.

This book aims to reveal the evolution and reasons of the religious and cultural policies of the imperial state in the entanglement of monasticism and abolition of religion during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as the transformation of Buddhism itself in the process of adapting to the imperial society. The whole book closely follows the two seemingly opposite but actually mutually reinforcing historical phenomena of deceiving Buddha and exterminating Buddha, and respectively studies the two modes of Buddhism's intervention in imperial countries and their impact on Buddhism itself. This book uses the theories and methods of political and cultural history to study the history of Buddhism in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, providing a new perspective for the study of Buddhist history, which takes the evolution of Buddhism as the mainstream.

From the Warring States Period to the Qing Dynasty, a large number of local legislations were produced in Chinese history. "Provincial regulations" are local legislation formulated by provincial governments in the Qing Dynasty to regulate specific matters in the province. After a brief introduction to the existence of provincial regulations in each province, this book provides a comprehensive explanation of provincial local legislation in the Qing Dynasty from the aspects of the meaning, nature, production, publication, compilation, application effect and relationship with central legislation of provincial regulations. Through a microscopic analysis of the representative provincial regulations "Regulations for the Administration of Zhejiang" and the legal issues of "taking stolen goods for redemption", we can find that the local legislation in the Qing Dynasty was not a simple copy of the central legislation, but the product of each province within a certain range and adapting to local conditions according to provincial conditions.

The articles included in "Religion and History (Tenth Series)" are selected from the proceedings of the third Ming and Qing Catholic Research Workshop of Shanghai University, including research on Thomas Aquinas, research on Ming and Qing Catholic history, research on Ming and Qing Chinese Catholic literature, etc. This volume provides an in-depth discussion on the spread of scholasticism in China, and analyzes and elaborates on other important issues of Catholicism in the Ming and Qing dynasties, such as Chinese literature, liturgical disputes, terminology translation, and apologetic thought.

This book uses the research perspective and writing style of "historical ethnography", combines folk historical documents and on-the-spot fieldwork, and conducts research on the people in the "Dongdi" villages in the lower reaches of the Liujiang River at the junction of Guizhou and Guangxi. It hopes to reveal how they have faced the military power of the dynastic state and various political, economic and cultural policies since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper explores the overall "structural" changes in mountainous village society in terms of family organization, marriage relationships, and ritual traditions, in order to explore the multiple possibilities and diversified ways for people in southern mountainous areas to live under the rule of dynastic states, and to rethink the history writing and social and cultural processes of the people in southwest China.

"Marine History Research" is sponsored by the Guangdong Maritime History Research Center of the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, and researcher Li Qingxin, director of the center, serves as the chief editor. This is the twelfth edition, divided into two columns: "Special Papers" and "Academic Reviews". Well-known maritime historians at home and abroad, such as Barbara Watson Andaya, Richard S. Horowitz, Liu Zhiqiang, Du Shichuilan, Renshi Qingli, Zhang Lanxing, Liu Zhangcai, Fei Sheng, etc. Are specially invited to discuss the theories and major issues of world maritime history, and to showcase the latest developments, latest achievements and development trends of international maritime history research.

This book is the culmination of the author's lifelong study of the vassal system of the Qing Dynasty. The book comprehensively discusses the formation of vassals in the Qing Dynasty, the institutions that governed vassals, and the political, economic, legal, social, transportation, religious, marriage and other systems of the vassals in the Qing Dynasty. It evaluates the historical impact and limitations of the vassal agency system in the Qing Dynasty, and attaches a record of major events in the vassal agency in the Qing Dynasty.

Aixinjueluo Shanqi (1866-1922) lived in an era of great changes in modern China. It was also an era when the Qing Dynasty was experiencing increasing internal and external troubles. It was also an era when the Chinese people were rising up to fight to revitalize China. As the last generation of Prince Su in the Qing Dynasty, Shanqi actively participated in many reform measures of the Qing Dynasty, acted respectfully and made many achievements. This book takes Shanqi's life as the object of investigation, focusing on his political achievements in the New Deal and preparatory constitution in the late Qing Dynasty, such as rectifying the police, managing books and newspapers, actively banning smoking, controlling the plague, advocating for the constitution, promoting capital and local autonomy, etc., As well as Shanqi's secret contact with Kangliang reformists and the use of revolutionaries in order to promote reforms. Shanqi's many reform measures promoted the development and progress of modern Chinese society to a certain extent, but ultimately failed to save the rule of the Qing Dynasty and left many profound experiences and lessons for future reference. Therefore, this book is of great significance to his research.

"Life and the Spiritual World in Han Paintings" is one of the "Image Culture History" series projects of the "14th Five-Year Plan" of the Institute of Ancient History, Chinese Academy of History. The book selects more than 300 outstanding portrait bricks from the Han Dynasty that have both historical and cultural value and artistic appreciation value. Through the rich historical information retained in the Han portrait bricks and portrait stones, it constructs the social history and folk belief world of the Han Dynasty, involving myths and legends, transportation, wars, historical stories, astronomy, hunting, agriculture, and beliefs. The world, entertainment, food, spiritual outlook and other subdivided areas embody the confident, strong, enterprising, and magnanimous spiritual outlook of the Han nation in its rising period. While appreciating the charm of Han portrait culture and art, it also provides us with a broader and unique knowledge perspective for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the social culture of the two Han Dynasties.

The politics of the Qing Dynasty had a strong "family and world" theme. The aristocratic group composed of clan princes was the core part of the ruling group and played an important role in state affairs. The "Manuscript of the History of the Qing Dynasty" said that "the internal support is the foundation of the government, and the external leadership is the teacher" and "begins with the regency and ends with the regency." The Xuantong Dynasty's "relatives and nobles used affairs" has always been regarded as a major malpractice that led to the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. The relatives active in the political arena during this period, except Yixu, were all young and powerful people who were new to the political arena. They led or participated in all the key decisions of the Qing court and had an important influence on the political situation. "The Last Family World: Young Kinnobles and the Xuantong Political Situation" attempts to focus on the political practice activities of the Xuantong Dynasty, and uses time as a clue to divide the Xuantong Dynasty into three stages of development: the beginning of the regency, the acceleration of the establishment of the constitution, and the destruction. "The Last Family and the World: Young Relatives and the Political Situation of Xuantong" focuses on collecting various historical materials related to young relatives and nobles. Based on empirical evidence, through the construction of important historical facts and the research of key details, it systematically explores the participation and influence of young relatives on the decision-making of the Qing court in the Xuantong Dynasty, and enriches the understanding of the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty.

During the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty (1901-1911), China's modernization movement made significant progress, and as a result, it has received widespread attention from academic circles and the general public in recent years. The Nomenclature Institute and the Noblesse Academy, which are the research objects of this book, are New Deal institutions with unique characteristics of the times in this historical stage. During this period, a large number of new foreign ideas poured into China, which had a huge impact on both political and intellectual circles. On the one hand, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty established new education and took advantage of the situation to use new ideas and new culture for their own use, helping them to promote the New Deal and stabilize their rule. The Noble Academy was a new school established by the Qing government to assist princes and nobles in learning new knowledge and handling new policies. On the other hand, the popularity of new ideas and new terms has made them wary, and they have strengthened ideological control. The establishment of the glossary is ostensibly to unify the translations of terms in various disciplines, but its underlying purpose is to strengthen censorship and control ideas. In the New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty, politics and culture were always inseparable. Observing the New Deal and social culture of the late Qing Dynasty from these two New Deal institutions, we may be able to discover scenery that we have not noticed before.

This manuscript contains a total of 28 papers, all of which have been published in the journal "Chinese Frontier History and Geography Research", mostly in the past two decades. There are two selection criteria: first, the theme is "China's Border Governance Policies in Past Dynasties"; second, it has a certain citation rate and download volume. The selected articles mainly discuss the policies and measures in border governance of successive governments from the Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. The themes revolve around the integration of ethnic groups, the formation of the Chinese nation, and the territorial unification of multi-ethnic countries. They conduct an in-depth study of the different characteristics of border governance policies in different periods and their inheritance and innovation, thereby summarizing the political, economic, cultural policies, and institutional efforts and useful explorations taken by the central governments of all generations in governing the border, handling ethnic relations, and promoting connections between the border and the mainland.

The book "Research on the Thoughts of Border Governance in China in Past Dynasties" focuses on the dominant thoughts of border governance by Chinese regimes in the past dynasties. It discusses the rich connotation, basic characteristics and important influence of my country's border governance thoughts in different historical periods from a diachronic perspective from a Marxist standpoint and perspective. It is an important reference material for a relatively systematic understanding of the historical context and evolution of my country's border governance thoughts in different historical periods. This book contains a total of 26 papers, involving research articles on China's border governance thoughts from the pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties. It combs the border governance thoughts used by Chinese dynasties in governing the border and its development and change trajectory, and summarizes the pros and cons of the border governance thoughts of past dynasties. It still has an important reference role for the present. The selected articles in this book were all published in the magazine "Chinese Frontier History and Geography Research" and were published after 2002. The authors are all professional scholars in frontier studies, and because "China's Frontier History and Geography" is an authoritative magazine on frontier studies, it has strict standards for manuscript selection and review. Therefore, the overall academic level of the article is relatively high. It is an original research paper that meets the requirements of academic standards and has a high level of grasp of academic issues and policies.

This book is the result of the author, Mr. Zhou Zhongjian, who has studied the history of Guangxi, the development of southwest China, and the Beibu Gulf Economic Circle for many years. The author takes historical materialism as the starting point for observing history, respects objective history, uses a scientific and rigorous attitude, and takes economic development and reform and opening up as the entry point for research issues. He discusses in detail the history and current situation of Guangxi, geographical environment and economic development, port construction and tourism development, showing readers a comprehensive and complete Guangxi. This book does not cover issues such as territorial history and boundaries. The book is divided into several parts: Guangxi history and culture, Guangxi coastal areas, Guangxi along the rivers, Guangxi transportation, Guangxi ecology, and Guangxi opening up. The articles included in this book have all been published or read at academic seminars. Many of them had great influence and positive feedback at the time, and were inspiring for the construction and development of the economic and cultural fields, such as "The Concept of the Beibu Gulf Economic Circle", "Developing the Charming Xijiang Scenic Corridor", "Strive to Make Guangxi a Strong Shipping Province", "Commonalities and Individuality of Guangxi's Coastal Areas", etc. Some of the ideas or suggestions may seem a bit outdated today, but they were all innovative ideas at the time and are inspiring to people today. The collection of manuscripts is not limited to academic papers, but also includes the author's remarks and reflections, which are highly readable.

"Colorful Athena" is a collection of the achievements of historian Mr. Xu Songyan's many years of research on ancient Greek history. Professor Xu Songyan has translated three classical historical works, including Herodotus' "History", Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War", and Xenophon's "History of Greece", and has made many field trips to Greece for field research and inspections. At the same time, he is committed to the study of ancient Greek history. Starting from the investigation of ancient economic conditions, he has in-depth explored issues such as slavery, the origin of early Greek residents, maritime colonization, the origin and political system of city-states, and relations between states. This collection of 34 articles comprehensively reflects Professor Xu's decades of research and translation of ancient Greek history, as well as his unique understanding of the economic concepts, political thoughts, and maritime consciousness of the Greeks in the classical era.

This book is a theoretical work that studies the economic history of modern China. The author uses China's foreign trade and domestic residents' consumption from 1927 to 1936 as the starting point to study the interactive relationship between China's foreign trade, changes in social and economic structure and domestic residents' consumption during this period. It reveals the impact of foreign trade on modern China, that is, it promoted the consumption transformation of modern Chinese residents and the changes in China's social and economic structure, and brought about the transformation of consumption systems and concepts. This book helps readers understand the role that Sino-foreign trade exchanges and development played in China's modern social and economic transformation, and provides a deep understanding of the consumption structure, consumption life, and consumption customs and concepts of residents of all strata. It has great academic value.

This book is an academic work on social history that studies the living conditions of industrial workers in North China from 1912 to 1937. The book has six chapters, a total of 250,000 words, and 65 charts. The author has a clear research framework and a solid foundation of historical data. He analyzes the emergence and development of the industrial workers in North China during this period, working conditions, wages and living conditions, resistance and struggle, and the relationship between this group and the social development of the time. The publication of this book is a useful supplement to the study of modern social history and the history of the labor movement. It will help conduct comparative research on the living conditions of workers in different regions in the future, and has great social benefits and publication value.

"Rome's Founding Narrative" is the 54th issue of "Classics and Interpretation". It mainly focuses on the different narrative perspectives of historians and literati on the historical event of the founding of Rome. As the successor of Greek civilization, Rome also faced tremendous pressure from Greece. Therefore, knowledgeable thinkers in Rome have been trying to establish the autonomy of Roman civilization, which is prominently displayed in the continuous tracing and narration of the founding of Rome as a motif. The theme papers of this volume select four relevant documents, focusing on the construction of the historian Livy, exploring Virgil's expression of the characteristics of Rome through Aeneas, studying the Roman political system as understood by Cicero, and outlining the shaping of Rome by the Christian ideological world. Other permanent columns in this series also have their own characteristics.

"Outline of Chinese History" is an important monograph left behind by Mr. Zhang Yinlin in his short life. It was originally a high school history textbook commissioned by the Ministry of Education. Based on his own research, the author strictly selects Chinese history before the Eastern Han Dynasty, and uses storytelling techniques to describe social changes, ideological development, and the personalities and activities of some important figures.

This book is a research monograph on Liang Qichao and the National Defense Movement, written by the editor. Based on previous research and guided by problem awareness, the author uses historical narrative methods to explore Liang Qichao and the National Defense Movement. The contents include: (1) Liang Qichao and the reformists have always opposed revolution, so why did they launch a violent revolution themselves? (2) The organizational style of the Beiyang Group and why it fell apart during the movement to protect the country? (3) The intricate relationship between various anti-Yuan forces and their impact on the political situation. (4) After the success of the National Defense Movement, why did China move towards a warlord war? The manuscript also supplements and corrects some basic historical facts. These make this book highly readable and highly academic, with a wide audience and good social benefits.

Virgil was the greatest Roman poet of the Augustan era. The core of Augustus' cultural policy was to maintain peace and the stability of Roman politics. Virgil's works adapted to the needs of the times and became an important force in the cultural construction of Augustus. This book is based on classical historical materials and takes the interactive relationship between literati and politics as a perspective. On the basis of fully absorbing the achievements of previous generations, this book explores Virgil's role in Augustus's reconstruction of Roman cultural identity by studying Virgil's main works, and examines the significant impact of culture on politics. The relationship between Virgil and Octavian not only directly reflects the good interaction between Roman literati and politicians, but also essentially explains the interaction between culture and politics. This book is divided into four chapters, mainly expounding Octavian's cultural policies and the relationship between Virgil and Octavian's cultural policies.

After the Second World War, American research on China's modern history was mainly represented by Fairbank and Levinson. They believed that Chinese society had been basically stagnant for a long time and lacked internal motivation to break through the traditional framework. It was only after the impact of the West in the mid-19th century that it evolved into a modern society. On the contrary, Ke Wen opposed treating the history of non-Western societies as a continuation of Western history. He advocated taking China itself as the starting point, in-depth and precise exploration of the dynamics and structure of change within Chinese society, and advocated multi-disciplinary collaborative research. Ke Wen's book is the first time that American historians have given a clear and detailed description of the Sinocentric view. It is also the first work to critically summarize the three main models of studying modern Chinese history in the United States over the past few decades.

This book is a "thought experiment." By examining the research on the rise and fall of countries and civilizations by 23 ancient and modern Chinese and foreign historians, the author extracted 12 driving forces that can affect the rise and fall of civilizations. Using this as a starting point, the author reviewed and reflected on three thousand years of Jewish history. This book breaks the boundaries of disciplines and extensively covers economics, genetics, demography, religion, environmental policy and other aspects. Through the mutual learning of Jewish history and the theory of the rise and fall of civilization, it looks forward to the future of the Jewish nation and provides a reference for policymakers. The author believes that the rise and fall of civilizations must be examined in a global context. The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. How can we have a long-term competitive advantage in the future readjustment of global politics and culture? This book can provide us with an important perspective.

Since the Second World War, historical sociology has gradually developed into an intellectual movement with international influence, promoting knowledge innovation and academic prosperity in history, social sciences, and interdisciplinary studies. After entering the 21st century, Chinese social sciences have truly realized the importance of China's local experience and begun to value its own unique and complex historical resources. Historical sociology provides a wealth of theoretical resources, research paths and methods for Chinese social sciences to "turn to history". However, in Western academia, whether it is history and social science as mainstream disciplines, or the group of scholars who have long regarded themselves as historical sociology researchers, there has always been controversy over the "identity" of historical sociology. Is historical sociology a discipline, a theory, a method, a way of thinking, or simply the intersection of sociology and history? This issue deserves in-depth consideration and discussion by Chinese social science researchers, and is directly related to how we "turn to history" in our research. In the process of this exploration, we urgently need to sort out the intellectual tradition of Western historical sociology, deeply explore its influence and trends at different levels of epistemology and methodology, and reflect on the many debates among related disciplines, scholars, and major research fields. Based on the perspective of intellectual history, this book explores the academic history of historical sociology and understands historical sociology as an intellectual movement that has resisted the differentiation of disciplines since the 20th century and has continued to differentiate itself. It is an attempt to continue and develop the intellectual tradition of historical research and social sciences in the 19th century. The content arrangement is divided into two parts.

Malaysia is located on the Strait of Malacca, an important node of the "Maritime Silk Road", and is also an important settlement area for overseas Chinese. Chinese account for a relatively large proportion of the local population. Beginning in the 17th century, Chinese people moved south to the Malay Peninsula to make a living. After more than 200 years of migration, the Chinese society in Malaysia that we see today has been shaped. This book conducts special case studies on Kek Lok Si and the early Chinese society in Penang, the shaping of the Fujian community in Penang, Chinese religion and gang structure in Perak, and mainland China's recognition of the Singapore and Malaysia regions in modern times. It also explains the methodology of Malaysian Chinese historical research and field work using the guild hall as an example. It has important academic significance in promoting research in related fields in China.

The whole book revolves around the word Altertumswissenschaft (classics), a new word invented by German scholars in the 19th century to refer to the study of everything related to the ancient world, and to imagine this study as a whole. The task of classics is to use the power of science to resurrect the lost world. Villamowicz believes that the significance of this resurrection lies in awakening emotions and ideals, and injecting the vitality and vitality of the ancients into the present and future eras.

This book takes Cai Yong and his writings as the research object, discusses the relationship between Confucianism and literature in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, uses typical case studies to promote the investigation of related fields, conducts a detailed and in-depth analysis of the Confucian images, events, and allusions in Cai Yong's writings, explores the literary expression of Cai Yong's Confucian philosophy, and the relationship between ritual and music teachers and his writings. Finally, it conducts literature review and literary interpretation of Cai Yong's writings. The book goes from point to point, from shallow to deep, allowing readers to have a more profound analysis and investigation of Cai Yong's position and role in the development of literature and Confucian classics in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and to reveal the connection and interaction between Confucian classics and literature in the Han Dynasty.

There is a natural blood connection between the authenticity of documents and the pioneering and innovative history. Each document system and the origin and context of different text levels may involve the complex evolution of historical narratives, revealing a diverse and rich historical picture; the through-view and in-depth thinking contained in philology are also an important basis for historical research to transcend epochal barriers and achieve overall care. The author of this book carefully studied the historical records of the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the Siku documents, starting from historical philology, based on empirical evidence, and striving for new knowledge. This collection of 24 recent works uses solid case studies and broad interpretations to consistently explore the paths and methods from literature to history, and explore new paradigms of historical research. This book can also be regarded as a development history for young scholars. The "Preface" and the last five chapters of the book ("Supplementary Notes on the History of Liao" and the Tradition of Historical Notes" to "Digression on "Exploring the Sources of Liao History")" systematically elaborate on the method of "from documents to historiography" based on the author's personal practice, which will surely inspire and resonate with the introductory study of history, philology and other fields.

The imperial examination was an ancient system for selecting officials through examinations. Scholars in the Tang and Song dynasties began to link "imperial examination" and "literature" for cross-research. The use of modern theories and methods to conduct scientific research began in the 20th century. Through the efforts of many scholars, remarkable achievements have been made in the imperial examinations and literary research in the Tang Dynasty. This book is the result of the author's multi-faceted research on the imperial examination system and literature in the Song Dynasty, inspired by his predecessors. It is divided into four aspects: the study of the imperial examination system, the study of imperial examination style, the study of the interaction between the imperial examination and various ideological and cultural studies, and the study of the relationship between the imperial examination and literature. It provides an outline and to-the-point discussion of the imperial examination system and cultural aspects of the Song Dynasty, focusing on examining the impact of the imperial examination on literature from the two perspectives of "external effects" and "internal operations." The author closely follows the problem consciousness and explores or solves several historical problems.

"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is an important classic for understanding Chinese history and historical wisdom. It has always been a must-read classic for emperors, generals, ministers and scholars to govern the country and study. Zhang Guogang, a senior professor of liberal arts at Tsinghua University, has devoted himself to studying "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" for decades. With the breadth of vision that spans Eastern and Western cultures and the depth of thinking that spans ancient and modern history, he carefully selected 23 key points in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" that affect the process of Chinese history. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and the Rise and Fall of the Family and Country starts from the text of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", examines the key nodes that affect the family and country's political affairs, and briefly and comprehensively tells the history of China from the division of three families into the Jin Dynasty to the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. There are many historical scenes in the book that are loyal to the original text. The reappearance, the characters' words and deeds, as well as Professor Zhang Guogang's unique, profound and interesting analysis and lectures, transform a vast classical masterpiece into a concise and accessible popular history book. It can be called a classic for contemporary people to interpret historical masterpieces.

This book is a "people-oriented" academic history of China's modern borderlands. It focuses on borderland scholars during the Republic of China and is divided into two dimensions: group and individual. It conducts an in-depth discussion of border and border affairs issues and the construction of the integrity of the Chinese nation in academic circles during the Republic of China. It fully demonstrates the early efforts of the academic community to build a community of the Chinese nation. This book first focuses on a group of scholars, explores their border concepts and claims on border affairs, and sorts out their disciplinary efforts in studying China's borderlands; then it focuses on individual scholars, emphasizing the relationship between the scholar's era, life experience, and academic achievements, and provides a review of borderland studies. This paper briefly discusses the experiences and ideas of border studies by Gu Jiegang, Li Anzhai, Yu Shiyu, Xu Yitang, and Zhang Tingxiu, whose artificial identity markers have been less studied. Finally, it reviews and looks forward to the current academic efforts to construct border studies in China and its future development paths.

The whole book focuses on several unique characteristics of the Song Dynasty in the history of ancient China since the Qin and Han Dynasties: First, the Song Dynasty was an era that did not compete with the nomadic fishing and hunting peoples from beginning to end. In the past, it was thought that the main reason for the weakness of the Song Dynasty was that the Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongolian people were too strong. In fact, this is not the case. There are also very profound social, historical and cultural reasons. Second, the Song Dynasty pursued a military-raising policy and maintained a huge army that mainly recruited soldiers, which was unique in ancient Chinese history. The huge military-raising costs had a profound impact on the monetary, fiscal, and economic and urban market prosperity of the Song Dynasty. Third, the Song Dynasty had a large number of scholars selected from the imperial examinations, the status of civil servants was high, and the entire cultural atmosphere was the highest among all dynasties since the Qin and Han Dynasties. The scholar-bureaucrat group promoted the political reform of the Song Dynasty and promoted the historical transition of the Southern Song Dynasty society. Song Studies and Sinology have become the two most representative types of economics in ancient China. The formation of the Song Study style and changes in biblical exegesis methods are not only changes in the internal logic of thought and culture, but also reflect changes in social and historical content and concepts.

This book is a lecture note written by the author in 1931. It starts from the unification of the Qin people and ends with Wang Mang's new policy. It is an unfinished chronological history. As a master of history, Mr. Qian Mu has always adhered to his historical gist of a high-level and comprehensive approach. He understood the academic, political and social economics of the Qin and Han dynasties in a comprehensive way, understood the changes, and knew right and wrong. He pointed out the essence of this great change and glorious period in Chinese history. As the author said: "Scholars follow what I have said and read the two histories of Maban, and they can get a glimpse of the historical records of the Qin and Han dynasties. Even if they have mastered the original history of Maban and read my book, it will be enough for discussion and study." As Mr. Qian's masterpiece in his prime, there are many new insights, fluent discussions, and particularly innovative genres.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in order to maintain normal tribute and trade relations, Ryukyu people needed to learn the Chinese Mandarin at that time, so many Mandarin textbooks were compiled. This book comprehensively reviews the existing Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks and conducts in-depth research from three aspects: philology, the history of international Chinese education, and the history of exchanges between China and Ryukyu. The specific content includes the following four parts: an investigation of the types, quantity, content and current collection status of Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks; an in-depth analysis of new textbook manuscripts and rare textbook documents; a revelation of the value of Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks in the history of international Chinese education; and a textual research on the historical materials of Sino-Ryukyu exchanges stored in Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks.