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In 1931, Japan had held the "Eastern Conference" and determined the main thrust of its policy towards China: "If you want to conquer China, you must first conquer Manchuria and Mongolia; if you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer China." Seishiro Sakagaki was an enthusiastic advocate of this policy. In March 1931, he delivered a speech titled "Manchuria and Mongolia as seen from the military perspective" at the Japanese Army Infantry School, vigorously advocating Japan's invasion of Northeast China. He said that "Manchuria and Mongolia" have a deep and special relationship with Japan's national defense and national economic life, and shouted: "I dare to openly announce to the world without any scruples that this is a real problem for the empire." He called Northeast China the "front line of national defense" of Japan, believing that Manchuria and Mongolia are rich in resources and have the necessary resources for national defense. All resources "are areas necessary for the empire to be self-sufficient." Moreover, there is a lot of room for development. He also said, "In the war against Russia, Manchuria and Mongolia are the main battlefield; in the war against the United States, Manchuria and Mongolia are the source of supplies. Therefore, in fact, Manchuria and Mongolia have a major relationship with the war against the United States, Russia, and China."

The "Speaking of China" series puts the glory and setbacks, unity and division, progress and regression, war and peace, justice and evil of the Chinese nation in the dialectical process of the unity of opposites, and displays them one by one.

The "Speaking of China" series puts the glory and setbacks, unity and division, progress and regression, war and peace, justice and evil of the Chinese nation in the dialectical process of the unity of opposites, and displays them one by one.

The "Talking About China" series organically and harmoniously combines traditional education with future prospects, guiding contemporary Chinese to follow the modern trend of integrating the long-standing and ancient Chinese civilization into world development.

The "Talking About China" series organically and harmoniously combines traditional education with future prospects, guiding contemporary Chinese to follow the modern trend of integrating the long-standing and ancient Chinese civilization into world development.

The history of China is a vivid, profound and enlightening textbook. Chinese history is a unique history of Eastern civilization. Chinese history, which carries Chinese civilization, has never been interrupted during the tortuous and long process of its formation and development. Although she has gone through ups and downs and experienced hardships, she has always stood tall and unyielding in the east of Asia. Even though the strong impact and numerous disasters on Chinese civilization that began in the first half of the 19th century for more than a century did not sink the glorious Chinese civilization, it instead gave rise to new vitality.

The history of China is a vivid, profound and enlightening textbook. Chinese history is a unique history of Eastern civilization. Chinese history, which carries Chinese civilization, has never been interrupted during the tortuous and long process of its formation and development. Although she has gone through ups and downs and experienced hardships, she has always stood tall and unyielding in the east of Asia. Even though the strong impact and numerous disasters on Chinese civilization that began in the first half of the 19th century for more than a century did not sink the glorious Chinese civilization, it instead gave rise to new vitality.

The "Speaking of China" series puts the glory and setbacks, unity and division, progress and regression, war and peace, justice and evil of the Chinese nation in the dialectical process of the unity of opposites, and displays them one by one.

The contents of this book include the Mongolian regiment and deserters, the young Red Army eagle, the hero of Japan's invasion of China, the magic soldiers flying to Pingxingguan, the generals eating the Sakagaki division, the Yima blocking the reinforcements and making new achievements, the fierce and stubborn bushido, echoes of the victory at Pingxingguan, Chiang Kai-shek openly talking about the secret war, Chiang Kai-shek abandoning the capital and running to Hankou, Matsui's fierce troops in Nanjing, the Jingguihao murderous game, etc.

The contents of this book include a peace conference but not peace, victorious countries seeking justice, verbal confrontations, a weak country that cannot be redressed, burning Cao's house to punish national traitors, the May 4th Movement, the spring thunder, Duan Qirui's triumphant military service, Xu Shichang's rise to prominence, the fierce fighting between Anhui and Anhui, the betrayal of relatives and the defeat of the Anhui army, a revolutionary partner asking for salvation, an eccentric strict teacher and a kind mother, the first scholar in the examination, etc.

The contents of this book include the capture of Chiang in Huaqing, Chiang Kai-shek being imprisoned in Xincheng, nightmares that awakened Soong Meiling, double-dealing and the chameleon, Chiang Kai-shek wrote his will, the representative of the Communist Party of China guaranteed peace, grace came to Xi'an to help Zhang Yang, the Bible hints at the female guard, Soong Meiling shed tears in the ancient city, the young marshal hurriedly let the tiger return, the Trinity was frightened, and the court's eloquent testimony, etc.

The content of this book includes Dai Anlan's lonely battle, Bai Chongxi's mending the situation, Du Yuming's command of troops on the battlefield, the bloody capture of Kunlun Pass for the first time, Qiu Qingquan's closing of the gate to beat the dog, Kunlun Pass's gain and loss, and Dongfeng's failure to respond. Zhou Lang took back the Kunlun Pass in one fell swoop, Du Yuming sacrificed blood to Kunlun, escaped from Kunming on Chiang's back, Long Yun cleverly made small plans, Jiang and Wang had secret talks at Hanbi Tower, there were many turmoils over the election of the chairman, Chiang used the banner to make a tiger skin, etc.

The contents of this book include those who betray their country and seek glory, Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to capture him, Zeng Zhongming's death on his own behalf, his determination to step aboard a pirate ship, Wang Jingwei's dream of being the head of state, a female secretary falling from the sky, exerting power over a concubine, the victory of power and sex diplomacy, and not a new marriage is better than a new marriage, etc.

The contents of this book include being willing to die in battle, starting a stock exchange from scratch, following Sun Yat-sen wholeheartedly, going north to seek reunification despite being ill, Sun Yat-sen's majesty will last forever, the Eastern Crusade to defeat Chen Jiongming, sweet words to win the heart, selling others with a piece of paper, becoming a firework and being a good person, being vicious and ruthless but still crying, the commander's subordinates ascending the steps, a war turning jade into silk, cunningly seizing power in Shandong, etc.

The contents of this book include the everlasting love, elopement and cohabitation, full understanding of people's wishes, Zhang Xueliang's everlasting loyalty, Yi Zhi not to be a puppet, Xie Qianyi's decision to kill Yang Chang immediately after hearing the news, the quarrel from Peking to Nanjing, the desire to dominate the world and cutting the vassal state, the contradiction between Jiang and Feng has emerged, the internal struggle within the Kuomintang, etc.

The contents of this book include Bai Chongxi's betrayal, Liu Zhi's appointment as General Fu, the dilemma in Xuzhou City, the appearance of the headquarters, Huang Botao's New Year's Eve talk, Hua Zong's fierce tiger chasing the national army, the withdrawal of troops from the west to station troops in the village, and the commander's resignation. Jing pleads for sin, the shadow of swords in the Chu River and Han Dynasty, arousing suspicion and using both soft and hard tactics, clever maneuvers to break out of the cage, raising the flag of justice to clear the way, the steel monster from the west, Du Yuming's appointment, bloodshed on Xudong Battle Mountain, Liu Qi and Pantang missed the battle, etc.

The content of this book includes Cai Tingkai's determination to fight to the death, the formation of a volunteer army, the declaration of war, the heavy damage to the Japanese invaders on Hongjiang Road, the fake armistice as a delaying strategy, the bombardment of the Japanese headquarters, He Yingqin's traitorous sue for peace, the clever ambush in the fort, Song Xilian's late-night military admonishment, the failure of the plan to capture Wusong, the broadsword team's attack on the streets, the roar of artillery in response to Ueda, etc.

The contents of this book include Xibaipo's battle with Nanjing, August 15th in Quancheng, Wu Huawen's defection in front of the formation, emergency trip to Jiaodong, marching south to the Beining line, a fire in the backyard of Shanghai Beach, the capture of Fan Hanjie alive in Jinzhou, the fierce victory over the powerful enemy in Tashan, the determination of the Dongye soldiers to take a critical step, the thunder in the white mountains and black waters, the defeat and surrender of Zheng Dongguo, and various plans made on the eve of the battle, etc.

The contents of this book include the dispute when danger is imminent, Liu Wenhui's visit to the Hongmen Banquet, repeated remonstrances to no avail, the long love between Hu Zongnan's children, Hu Zongnan's role as a scapegoat, the operation of the Longxing Temple headquarters, Chiang Kai-shek's farewell to the mainland, The military meeting before the war, Han Chenglie's blessing in disguise, the unreturnable fleet, fighting alone without backup, Fan Wenxiu's tragic hero, the hero's bloody Kinmen Island, the only survivor Wang Yutu, Prince Chiang's labor force in Kinmen, etc.

The whole book describes the ups and downs of the Qin Dynasty's historical process with vigorous and vigorous writing, and reproduces the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty. Looking at more than 800 years, the birth, rise, prosperity and decline of a dynasty are vividly presented. From the rise of the Ying tribe on the coast of the East China Sea in the early years, to becoming prisoners of war of the emerging Zhou Dynasty in the late Shang Dynasty; from the tribes fleeing to the western frontier, to getting out of trouble after hundreds of years of hard work; from the royal family in the Western Zhou Dynasty After the decline, the princes came together to dominate the Central Plains; from Qin Mugong recruiting talented people, to Qin Xiaogong appointing Shang Yang to reform and strengthen; from the first emperor Fen VI and the remaining heroes to unify, to Hu Hai trying to usurp the throne and collapse the empire.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is written from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, vividly showing the living people and stories in the 1362-year history of 16 dynasties. It can be said to be the "big data" and "super case collection" of China's political and cultural heritage. The problems and confusions we encounter today, whether personal or national, have been encountered and dealt with by our historical predecessors, and they have learned lessons from them. The author of this book, Hua Shan, translated the entire "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" in "vernacular Chinese" and tried his best to retain the charm of the original text, making people pick it up like reading a novel and not be able to put it down. At the same time, this book combines the views of famous scholars from past dynasties and Hua Shan's own comments to thoroughly explain the wisdom in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" that is truly useful to ordinary people in the 21st century - people can understand it after reading it once, and use it after reading it.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is written from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, vividly showing the living people and stories in the 1362-year history of 16 dynasties. It can be said to be the "big data" and "super case collection" of China's political and cultural heritage. The problems and confusions we encounter today, whether personal or national, have been encountered and dealt with by our historical predecessors, and they have learned lessons from them. The author of this book, Hua Shan, translated the entire "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" in "vernacular Chinese" and tried his best to retain the charm of the original text, making people pick it up like reading a novel and not be able to put it down. At the same time, this book combines the views of famous scholars from past dynasties and Hua Shan's own comments to thoroughly explain the wisdom in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" that is truly useful to ordinary people in the 21st century - people can understand it after reading it once, and use it after reading it.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

A system for selecting officials that emerged during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the feudal regime took advantage of the talents of the Nine-Rank Zhongzhengzhizhi to appoint officials, and the important official positions in the Qing Dynasty were monopolized by powerful families. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political power of Hanmen common people gradually expanded. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, "there was no clear or turbid selection". After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the nine-rank Zhongzheng system was abolished, but the practice of selecting scholars through examinations such as Xiucai and Ming Jing was still followed. Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty established the Jinshi Department. The imperial examination system gradually took shape and was further developed in the Tang Dynasty. This system was inherited by all feudal dynasties after the Tang Dynasty, and was imitated by ancient Korea and Vietnam. The imperial examination system was abolished at the end of the Qing Dynasty.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

China is a huge country with a splendid civilization history of five thousand years and full of vitality and vitality. The Chinese nation has long been standing in the east of the world, and has continued for hundreds of generations.

Chinese civilization is the sum of our nation's material and spiritual wealth, the crystallization of wisdom from generation to generation, the origin and refuge of our souls, and the origin of our inner life. It nourishes our souls, inspires our creativity, and nurtures the future of our nation. Inheriting Chinese civilization is continuing the soul of our nation. Today in the 21st century, the new generation of Chinese people need to draw nutrients from China's long historical civilization, improve their humanistic quality, and build cultural confidence.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

On the basis of absorbing the results of domestic historical research, "Chinese History Encyclopedia" integrates rich graphic and text materials accumulated from the long history of Chinese civilization to intuitively introduce the historical development process. With more than 2,000 precious pictures and more than 3 million words of text narrative, the book introduces the basic knowledge of Chinese history in many aspects, covering politics, military, economy, culture, diplomacy, science and technology, law, religion, art, folklore and other fields.

China is a huge country with a splendid civilization history of five thousand years and full of vitality and vitality. The Chinese nation has long been standing in the east of the world, and has continued for hundreds of generations.

A system in ancient China that divided the household population according to age for the purpose of collecting taxes and levies. "Ding", also known as Zhengding and Dingnan, generally refers to men of the right age who are mainly responsible for taxes and servitude (sometimes including women, called Dingnu); "Zhong", also called banding, second Ding, middle man (or middle woman), generally refers to young people younger than Ding, who often bear part of the taxes and servitude. Ding and Zhong are used to distinguish them from "Lao and Xiao". The age standard of Dingzhong has been different in the past dynasties. The Dingzhong system is also one of the legal basis for sentencing.

This book uses easy-to-understand language and vividly, truly, objectively and comprehensively reflects the major events, important figures and outstanding achievements in science and technology and culture in world history in accordance with the order of historical evolution.

Human history is like a gorgeous necklace, connected by countless events, large and small. Those glorious moments are the brilliant gems and pearls in the historical chain. They shine brightly and warn future generations.

The "Speaking of China" series puts the glory and setbacks, unity and division, progress and regression, war and peace, justice and evil of the Chinese nation in the dialectical process of the unity of opposites, and displays them one by one.

The "Speaking of China" series puts the glory and setbacks, unity and division, progress and regression, war and peace, justice and evil of the Chinese nation in the dialectical process of the unity of opposites, and displays them one by one.

The "Speaking of China" series puts the glory and setbacks, unity and division, progress and regression, war and peace, justice and evil of the Chinese nation in the dialectical process of the unity of opposites, and displays them one by one.

This kind of wisdom, charm and beauty caused by history is very important to enrich a person's life connotation and improve a person's quality. The basic connotation of human quality should be humanistic quality. A person's humanistic quality is formed by the genes created by the culture of the nation to which he belongs for thousands of years and accumulated in his blood and soul. Humanities education takes literature, history and philosophy as the main body, and is of special value to improving people's quality, and Chinese history is precisely the blend and carrier of the trinity of literature, history and philosophy. Only by understanding China's history can we build national self-confidence, establish a correct outlook on life and values, and continue to make new contributions to the development of human civilization through their continuous inheritance and new creations. The 1.3 Billion Chinese people and the 50 million Chinese people around the world who have developed from a common bloodline should have such a consensus and should bear such responsibilities.

The history of China is a vivid, profound and enlightening textbook. Chinese history is a unique history of Eastern civilization. Chinese history, which carries Chinese civilization, has never been interrupted during the tortuous and long process of its formation and development. Although she has gone through ups and downs and experienced hardships, she has always stood tall and unyielding in the east of Asia. Even though the strong impact and numerous disasters on Chinese civilization that began in the first half of the 19th century for more than a century did not sink the glorious Chinese civilization, it instead gave rise to new vitality.

The history of China is a vivid, profound and enlightening textbook. Chinese history is a unique history of Eastern civilization. Chinese history, which carries Chinese civilization, has never been interrupted during the tortuous and long process of its formation and development. Although she has gone through ups and downs and experienced hardships, she has always stood tall and unyielding in the east of Asia. Even though the strong impact and numerous disasters on Chinese civilization that began in the first half of the 19th century for more than a century did not sink the glorious Chinese civilization, it instead gave rise to new vitality.

China is a huge country with a splendid civilization history of five thousand years and full of vitality and vitality. The Chinese nation has long been standing in the east of the world, succeeding one another for a hundred generations. The famous historian of science Bernard once said: "China has been one of the great centers of human civilization and science for many centuries." In the long history of the Chinese nation, it has created countless miracles of civilization.

China is a huge country with a splendid civilization history of five thousand years and full of vitality and vitality. The Chinese nation has long been standing in the east of the world, succeeding one another for a hundred generations. The famous historian of science Bernard once said: "China has been one of the great centers of human civilization and science for many centuries." In the long history of the Chinese nation, it has created countless miracles of civilization.

British philosopher Bacon said: "History makes people wise." Historical experience was summed up by predecessors at great cost. Historical experience contains thought-provoking philosophy. To deeply understand reality and face the future rationally, we should consciously review history. Only by understanding history can modern people feel the infinite charm of history enlightening reality. Only by perceiving the messy reality from historical experience can we appreciate the beauty and simplicity of historical wisdom.