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This book is a work that comprehensively presents the circulation of banknotes in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The turmoil and chaos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were most directly reflected in the field of banknote issuance - the inconsistency of issuing institutions and the complexity of banknote types. Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai were no exception. At the national level, the "four major banks": the Central Bank, Bank of China, Bank of Communications, and Agricultural Bank of China issue banknotes in Gansu, Ningxia, and Qingdu. Various local banks, such as Gansu Provincial Bank, Ningxia Bank, and Qinghai Industrial Bank, can also issue banknotes with approval. Many banks, banks, pawn shops and other private financial institutions can also issue their own money tickets and private notes, and have considerable influence in small areas. This book is dedicated to sorting out, classifying and introducing in detail these various modern Ganningqing banknotes. The banknotes issued by the national banks, local banks and private financial institutions in the three provinces and regions are collected as completely as possible, classified according to the issuing institutions or banknote attributes, and the full picture is presented based on time. This book records a large number of banknote plates. At the same time, it also pays attention to many banknote derivatives that were often ignored in the past, such as licenses, promissory notes, bonds, treasury certificates, deeds, etc. There are a total of 1,221 plates, each of which is marked with the face size and rarity level. In addition to describing the plates, this book also briefly introduces the background of each type of banknotes when introducing them, sorting out the historical evolution of their issuing institutions, tracing back to the origin of the issuance of banknotes, and paying equal attention to description and research. These combing and compilation provide historical currency researchers and enthusiasts, financial historians, and coin collectors with as complete information as possible when studying modern local banknotes, filling the gaps in the study of local banknotes in the Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai regions.

"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi·Six Arts Briefs" is based on the Six Arts Book Records of the Secret House of the Western Han Dynasty studied by Liu Xiang, which is the central part of the catalog system of "Hanshu". This is the earliest catalog of works on the six arts and an outline document of early academic history. This book is a collection of the author's daily reading and research on "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi·Six Art Briefs". It is intended to examine the evolution of books from the perspective of academic history. It can be seen as a history of books written with annotations and notes. Among them is a personal study, which also adopts the opinions of predecessors. The examination and debate are designed according to needs and are not troublesome. They should be helpful to our in-depth understanding of "Six Art Briefs" and the history of early books.

Human origin and evolution are the most important events on Earth in the past 1 million years. The book tells the story of the East African apes who first came from the forests to the plains and began living upright, and then evolved into more than a dozen different species of Homo erectus, until the direct ancestors of modern humans evolved in the last 100,000 years or so. After modern humans evolved, they left Africa and dispersed around the world. During this period, they interacted with the most ferocious animals and human relatives on the earth, as well as the glacial climate, and performed the most exciting stories. The greatest features of this book are the complete narrative, luxurious pictures, and concise writing. It is more professional and authoritative than the most popular "Human Stories" by Van Rooster on the domestic market, and the pictures are more beautiful and accurate.

This book is the research result of the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education. The book contains a total of 140,000 words and more than 300 precious image historical materials and photos. It adopts a research method of classifying and systematically discussing time evolution as the main axis. Chapter 12 discusses the development and characteristics of ancient social environment design and construction. Chapters 3 to 5 elaborate on the three major urban spaces, residential spaces and garden environments, and summarize the spatial and artistic characteristics of gardening. Chapter 7 explores four different scales and types of design experience in cities, parkways, campuses, and neighborhoods. Chapter 8 summarizes and summarizes the history of Japanese environmental design

This book is the research result of the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education. The book contains a total of 140,000 words and more than 300 precious image historical materials and photos. It adopts a research method of classifying and systematically discussing time evolution as the main axis. Chapter 12 discusses the development and characteristics of ancient social environment design and construction. Chapters 3 to 5 elaborate on the three major urban spaces, residential spaces and garden environments, and summarize the spatial and artistic characteristics of gardening. Chapter 7 explores four different scales and types of design experience in cities, parkways, campuses, and neighborhoods. Chapter 8 summarizes and summarizes the history of Japanese environmental design.

Shen Weirong, born in 1962, is from Wuxi, Jiangsu. He holds a bachelor's and master's degrees in history from Nanjing University and a doctorate from the Department of Central Asian Languages ​​and Cultures of the University of Bonn in Germany. He is currently a Chang Jiang Scholar Distinguished Professor of the Ministry of Education, a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Department of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Tsinghua University. His research fields include Western languages ​​and history, especially comparative studies of Tibetan history, Tibetan Buddhism and Sino-Tibetan Buddhism. He has successively served as a co-researcher at the Department of Indian Sanskrit Studies at Harvard University, an acting professor at the Department of Central Asia at Humboldt University in Germany, a foreign co-researcher at the Department of Literature at Kyoto University in Japan, a visiting professor at the Institute of History and Linguistics at Academia Sinica in Taiwan, a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin, Germany. He once served as the deputy dean of the School of Chinese Studies and the deputy dean of the Institute for Advanced Study of Religion at Renmin University of China. His representative works include "Philosophical Research on the History of Tibetan Buddhism", "Searching for Shangri-La", "Imagining Tibet: Monks, Living Buddhas, Lamas and Esoteric Buddhism from a Cross-Cultural Perspective", "Text and History: The Formation of Historical Narratives of Tibetan Buddhism and the Construction of Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Studies", "The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the Western Regions and the Central Plains - Preliminary Study of "Mahayana Essentials", etc.

This book is the compiled version of the first volume of Mr. Lu Simian's famous work "General History of China by Lu". It systematically describes the origin and evolution of marriage, clan system, political system, official system, taxation, military system, criminal law, food, clothing, housing and transportation, education, religion, culture and academics in ancient Chinese society in many categories. Mr. Lu Simian uses a historian's perspective to provide a comprehensive explanation of each theme, with many unique insights. Mr. Gu Jiegang therefore commented on this book: "It describes cultural phenomena in categories, and includes discussions in the narrative. It criticizes China's culture and system purely from the standpoint of social science, and there are many groundbreaking new theories."

The book "Ping-Han Railway and the Economic Development of North China (1905-1937)" is divided into six chapters, which mainly discusses the operation of the Ping-Han Railway from 1905 to 1937 and its role in promoting the development of commerce, agriculture, industry and mining in North China. This book was published by the Institute of Modern History of the Academia Sinica in Taipei in 1987 and was included in the institute's special issue No. 55. In this publication, the author has added the article "Crossing the Boundaries-The Current Situation and Prospects of Research on China's Railway History".

"Research on the Management of Modern China's Railway Industry - Analysis of the Political Level (1876-1937)" is an early work by Taiwanese scholar Zhang Ruide. It was published by the Institute of Modern History of the "Academia Sinica" in Taipei in 1991 and was included in the institute's special issue (No. 63). This book is divided into five chapters, starting from the political environment and exploring the organizational operations, personnel management and other related issues of the railway industry from 1876 to 1937 from the perspective of internal management. In this publication, the author has added the article "Crossing the Boundaries-The Current Situation and Prospects of Research on China's Railway History".

How did the ancients face the plague? Is the miasma real or just a figment of the human mind? What was the doctor-patient relationship like in ancient times? Did they also have doctor-patient conflicts? Professor Yu Gengzhe has long been committed to the study of the medical social history of medieval China. He believes that "diseases have a greater long-term impact on human history than many factors" and "when exploring the basic laws of people, society and even human nature, medical treatment and diseases are an excellent window." Crawling through and organizing, analyzing actual cases, exploring the relationship between disease and people's hearts, medical treatment and society, traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, trying to discover the historical facts hidden behind the text, and providing an idea to try to pull traditional medicine back from the shackles of "science or superstition" and restore the original appearance of ancient Chinese medicine. Its entry points include the review and outlook of medical history research, the shaping of the image of doctors, and the discussion of the doctor-patient relationship. It also considers issues such as the ancient health system, the thinking model of causing and treating plague, the impact of sexually transmitted diseases on brothel culture, and the medical culture behind the tomb murals of the Song Dynasty.

The Tang and Song Dynasties were a period of formation and development of the group of defeated scholars. The formation process, commonalities and characteristics of the group gradually emerged, and their living conditions, relationship with the political power, and status and role in society were initially finalized. This is the source of studying the defeated groups in history. Paying attention to the defeated groups is an important extension and supplement to the study of the imperial examination system, and is an important link in the study of the imperial examination. This book takes the group of fallen scholars in the Tang and Song Dynasties as the research object. It is divided into ten chapters. It quantitatively analyzes the size of the group and evaluates its overall strength. It also analyzes their living conditions, social future, social status, development trends, existing problems and their relationship with society and the government. The purpose is to summarize some internal laws and experiences worth learning from. It also discusses the problems of failed groups from the institutional level and summarizes the problems existing in the imperial examination system to make up for the shortcomings of imperial examination research. There are eleven related tables in the appendix at the back of the book, including "List of Imperial Examination Admissions in the Tang Dynasty" for easy reference.

Fei Shu in the Song Dynasty compiled the deeds of 112 people from the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Tang Dynasty who were upright officials, made contributions to the country, and implemented benevolent policies for the people from the historical records of the past dynasties, and compiled it into the book "Biography of Integrity Officials". In the Ming Dynasty, Huang Ruheng added 133 people from before the Five Dynasties on the basis of Fei Shu, and added 64 people from the Song and Yuan dynasties. It mainly describes how they cultivated their ethics and governed for the people. Huang Ruheng rated these historical figures into three categories: upper, middle and lower. He also added his own brief comments at the end of each honest official's deeds. With a few words or at most a few crosses, point out why the character is worthy of emulation or where he appears to be intolerant and inadequate.

Ancient Chinese science and technology was dazzling, with many brilliant inventions and creations in various fields such as mathematics, astronomy, agriculture, medicine, etc. This book uses specific scientific and technological issues and phenomena as the entry point, using a question-and-answer format to introduce ancient Chinese scientific and technological knowledge, including mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, mining and metallurgy, military, transportation, water conservancy, architecture, agriculture, medicine, etc. It is a popular encyclopedia about ancient Chinese science and technology that explains things in simple terms, with pictures and texts.

This book is one of Lovejoy's representative works. It is a collection of representative papers in which the theory of the history of ideas advocated by the author is applied to specific research on the history of ideas. In the book, the author further explores concepts such as romanticism, evolutionism, naturalism, and archaism. This collection of essays covers many fields such as the history of thought, philosophy, literature, history and even gardening art. It has a wide range of topics and complex citations, which fully reflects the author's sharp critical spirit and academic characteristics of exploring "comprehensibility" in a diverse world.

Mr. Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" is a pioneering work in the history of Chinese novels and a foundational work. It was first published in the 1920s. Since its publication, it has been highly praised by the academic community for its rich and detailed information and rigorous and incisive judgments. It has been regarded as a classic work on the history of Chinese popular literature together with Wang Guowei's "History of Song and Yuan Opera". For nearly ninety years now, scholars who study the history of Chinese novels still use it as a major reference book.

This book is the first book in the "Sorturing History" book series. It sorts out a fragment of history, opens the closet of history, and tells the story of China's five thousand years of long culture from multiple perspectives: politics, economy, society, aesthetics, and art. The book starts with the details and is divided into two parts: canon and fashion. It tells the essence and evolution of ancient Chinese costumes through five chapters: Emperor Mianfu, Fengguanxiapei, Officials' Replenishment Clothing, Tang Women's Clothing, and Modern Cheongsam.

The death penalty is the oldest punishment among all punishments in human society. "The Death Penalty: Origin, History and Its Victims" is a book summarizing the history of the death penalty written by German scholar Carl Bruno Leder. The German version was first published in 1980. It has been frequently cited in the nearly 40 years since its publication and has had a great influence. In the book, Carl Bruno Leder explores the different origins of the death penalty by citing rich historical materials, and discusses the history of the death penalty and various specific execution methods for thousands of years from ancient times to modern times. By analyzing different sociological and psychological perspectives, he demonstrates the social function of the death penalty in a detailed argument. Finally, the arguments for and against the death penalty are contrasted and new ideas are presented that clearly justify opposition to the death penalty.

This book is the integration of many research results of Professor Li Lifeng. The author is mainly engaged in research on Chinese revolution and Chinese politics, political theory, and conceptual history. The manuscript published this time mainly includes three parts: "Vision and Methods", "Knowledge and Institutions", and "Revolution and Governance". It contains nearly 20 research articles published by the author over the years, showing the author's research system and has important academic value.

Based on a historical perspective, this book takes the basic sentence categories of Chinese (questions, imperatives, causatives, exclamations, comparative sentences, analogical sentences, etc.) As the object of investigation, and focuses on the semantic characteristics and pragmatic functions of sentences. It aims to highlight the typicality and inheritance of the Chinese sentence category system through the description and summary of the development process of basic sentence categories, and to extract the development motivation, evolution trajectory and operating mechanism of the Chinese sentence category system.

Mr. Sun Changwu's book "Northern Peoples and Buddhism in Ancient China" focuses on the Buddhist policies and development of Buddhism of the regimes established by the northern tribes in the history of my country, including the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Xixia, Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Qing, as well as the role of Buddhism in cultural exchanges and ethnic integration. It highlights the basis and motivation that Buddhism provides for ethnic equality, ethnic exchanges, and ethnic integration from many levels of theory and practice.

Sichuan Chinese Academy of Sciences was founded by the Sichuan military government in 1912. It is the provincial Chinese studies institution with the purpose of "promoting Chinese studies and carrying forward the quintessence of Chinese culture". Wu Zhiying is appointed as the president, and Liu Shipei and Xie Wuliang are the vice presidents. Its members include Lou Liran, Zeng Xuechuan, Liao Ping, Zeng Ying, Li Yaoxun, Yang Zanxiang and other famous Confucian scholars. In 1927, it was merged into Sichuan University. In the past 15 years, it has always been called "Chinese Studies" and it was an important center for Chinese studies teaching and research in China at that time. After the rise of the Chinese Studies movement in the early 20th century, Sichuan Chinese Academy of Sciences was the first large-scale academic institution named after "Chinese Studies". It was also the first in the country to establish a Chinese Academy of Sciences with the help of the government, and it was also very unique in the entire century-old history of the Chinese Studies movement. Sichuan Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the earliest large-scale academic institutions in modern times. It has many functions such as teaching, research, publishing, and dissemination. The series of fruitful academic work it has carried out and its exploration in Chinese studies education are all of great value. Sichuan Chinese Academy of Sciences is also an important position in promoting the revival of Shu studies, and has trained students all over Sichuan. Among them, Meng Wentong, Xiang Zonglu, Peng Yunsheng, Li Yuancheng, etc. Had a great influence on the subsequent academic development of Sichuan. This work can deepen readers' understanding of modern culture. The author uses a large amount of archival materials, many of which are made public for the first time.

This book takes the connection between Zheng He's voyage and the joint construction of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" as the main line, and incisively explains the social, cultural, economic, scientific and technological foundation of Zheng He's voyage at home and abroad, and its relationship with the creation and development of the human maritime century, thus providing us with very important contemporary enlightenment.

Energy issues are the fundamental issues of human society. If you understand the history of energy, you will also understand the history of mankind. Energy can cause wars, but it can also promote international cooperation; energy can lead to industrial revolutions, but it can also cause economic crises; energy can promote the development of science and technology, and can also cause environmental damage... The masterpiece of Richard Rhodes, winner of the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and a nuclear energy expert! Open this book and see how energy dominates human society in terms of politics, economy, science and technology. Coal, oil, electricity and other energy sources have accelerated the process of industrialization and urbanization, and have also caused over-exploitation, energy depletion, coal pollution, greenhouse effect, and nuclear leakage... The knowledge is professional, the text is easy to understand, and there are 109 exquisite illustrations. It has been called "professional history" and "a masterpiece of popular science" by Kirkus Reviews!

China's traditional overseas trade refers to China's commodity exchange activities with foreign countries via sea routes from the Qin and Han Dynasties to before the Opium War in 1840. This book is divided into five periods in chronological order: Qin and Han Dynasties, Jin to Tang Dynasty, Song and Yuan Dynasties, Ming Dynasty, and Qing Dynasty, and explains the process of the occurrence, development, prosperity, and decline of my country's traditional overseas trade.

This book systematically introduces the philosophical spirit of traditional Chinese maritime culture in order to essentially reflect the characteristics and profound causes of traditional maritime culture. Traditional Chinese ocean philosophy should be an organic view of the ocean, and its root is an organic view of nature. It focuses more on the study of the integrity and spontaneity of things, as well as the coordination and synergy within and between things. At the same time, traditional Chinese marine philosophy is not just a product of speculation. Its formation is fundamentally based on the survival and development needs of coastal residents for thousands of years.

The author has both family and country feelings and profound academic background. Through the analysis of Chinese and foreign documents, archaeological discoveries, etc., He comprehensively and systematically combed the history of my country's discovery, development and management of the South China Sea Islands and related waters. With conclusive and sufficient historical facts and legal basis, he refuted the unreasonable claims of Vietnam and other countries for sovereignty over the South China Sea and confirmed that China has indisputable sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and their adjacent waters. The book has clear views, detailed information and sufficient arguments. It is a masterpiece of historical geography.

The Chinese nation is the oldest nation in the world, and the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. China's written history is nearly 5,000 years old. Starting from 841 BC, there have been almost 3,000 years of documented chronicles, which is unique in the long history of mankind. Among the four major ancient civilizations in the world, only China's history has always been passed down in an orderly manner and has never been interrupted.

The Chinese nation is the oldest nation in the world, and the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. China's written history is nearly 5,000 years old. Starting from 841 BC, there have been almost 3,000 years of documented chronicles, which is unique in the long history of mankind. Among the four major ancient civilizations in the world, only China's history has always been passed down in an orderly manner and has never been interrupted.

"Railway Changes the World" tells the story of the people and events that created the railway. For example, the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester railway in 1830 marked a huge change in transportation. It reveals the huge impact of the rapid development of railways on the world. Railways not only connected major cities, but also promoted economic development and social change like never before. From Panama to northwest India, from Tasmania to Turin, Italy, the article shows the visionary and determined railway pioneers and the tireless efforts of railway workers to build a global network that spans all continents - railways. It also proves that the rise of trains enabled engineering feats, innovations in architecture and the rapid transportation of people and goods around the world.

The "General History of Chinese Poetry" edited by Zhao Minli and Wu Sijing includes: Pre-Qin volume, Han Dynasty volume, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties volume, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties volumes, Song Dynasty volume, Liao, Jin and Yuan volumes, Ming Dynasty volume, Qing Dynasty volume, Modern volume, Contemporary volume, and Minority Nationalities volume. This book is a refined version of "A General History of Chinese Poetry". Through sorting out and writing histories of Chinese poetry in various periods, it establishes a new historical view of Chinese poetry and fully reflects the rich and colorful phenomena of Chinese poetry and the achievements in the study of Chinese poetry in the past century.

The book "General History of Western Science" presents the development process of Western science and the wonderful lives of great scientists in front of readers in six fields: astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, earth science and biology. Let people comprehensively understand our world from astronomy to geography, from macro to micro. In addition, the book also records anecdotes about great scientists, such as Archimedes, Euler, Newton, Darwin, Marie Curie, Einstein and others. The author uses rich subject classics, interesting biographies, and easy-to-understand texts to sort out the subject history of Western science, making the development context of the entire social sciences clearer.

Human beings have a long history of encountering information. This history written by James Gleick unexpectedly begins with the African drum language. Before they made the leap directly to mobile phones, indigenous African tribes used drums to convey messages, but how did they do it? Subsequent chapters go on to recount several far-reaching key events in this history, including the invention of writing, Robert Cowdery's first English dictionary, Charles Babbage's difference engine and Ada Byron's program, the Sharpe brothers' signal tower and Morse code. But humans began to consciously understand and utilize information starting from the information theory founded by Claude Shannon in 1948. Shannon's information theory not only promoted the development of information technology, but also triggered the information turn in many disciplines, changing people's understanding of things such as Maxwell's demon, the coding of life, memes, randomness, quantum information theory, etc. Some scientists even believe that the basis of the world is not matter or energy, but information. As physicist John Wheeler said, "Everything starts with bits." Nowadays, information floods us like a torrent, causing us to suffer from information anxiety, information overload, and information fatigue. But looking back at history, this is nothing new, and people have always figured out ways to deal with it. Wikipedia and Google are one of our responses. Whatever your stance on the future of information, one thing is certain: we humans are the creatures of information.

There are many historical monographs on the modern women's movement at home and abroad, many of which are just compilations of essays and not true historical works written chronologically. Although some of them are historical works, due to the modern era including the Republic of China period, the late Qing Dynasty content has been compressed. Moreover, the women's movement included peasant issues, such as women's issues in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion, as well as female workers' issues among workers, rather than women's rights issues. Therefore, the content of the history of women's rights discussed in these works on the history of the women's movement was further compressed. This book is currently the only monograph on the history of women's rights in the late Qing Dynasty in the world.

Taking time as the context, this paper discusses the evolving trends and main features of Japan's understanding of China in various periods from 1971 to 2010. It mainly includes the early days of the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, the period of advocating "friendship", the end of the Cold War and the new century's various periods of Japanese political circles, economic circles, public opinion circles and Japanese people's understanding of China.

History is to humanity as a whole what memory is to each of us, explaining what we do now, why we do it, and how we did it in the past. Therefore whoever wants to understand the world must know its history.

History is to humanity as a whole what memory is to each of us, explaining what we do now, why we do it, and how we did it in the past. Therefore whoever wants to understand the world must know its history.

This book was written by Professor Dong Liming to celebrate the 65th anniversary of the establishment of the geography discipline of Peking University and the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the School of Urban and Environment of Peking University. Professor Dong Liming graduated from the Department of Geology and Geography of Peking University in 1961, majoring in economic geography and stayed at the school to teach. He has made great contributions to the discipline construction of economic geography at Peking University and has his own unique insights. The economic geography major of Peking University was established in 1955. It has always adhered to the tenet of "paying equal attention to teaching and research, and theory serves practice". Over the past 60 years, it has continued to grow and develop, exploring an interdisciplinary teaching and research path, and building a unique and highly comprehensive economic geography subject group at Peking University. It is well-known at home and abroad. It has an important position and great influence in the field of Chinese geography and urban and rural planning, land science, regional science, landscape architecture and other disciplines.

This book comprehensively describes the enterprise development and historical evolution of Kailuan Linxi Mine over more than 130 years from 1879 to 2012. The book aims to faithfully record the development history of the enterprise from all aspects and angles, so that the century-old history of Linxi Mine can be passed down from generation to generation, so as to achieve the purpose of remembering the history, commemorating the sages, inspiring future generations, and educating people. It is a book with the value of historical documents of coal mining profession.

Taking the Industrial Revolution as the background, this book uses interdisciplinary research methods to explore the process of cholera prevention and control in the UK from the perspective of environmental history. It focuses on combing the development and evolution of cholera prevention and control in the UK in the 19th century from the traditional isolation of patients to the treatment of "social diseases", and then to the treatment of "environmental diseases". It also analyzes the inherent tensions and gains and losses between this conceptual change and policy evolution, thereby three-dimensionally showing the tortuousness and complexity of cholera prevention and control in the UK. It is believed that the success of cholera prevention and control in the UK is the result of the joint efforts of the government, local cooperation, social support, concept updates, and technological progress. Drawing a picture of the interaction between cholera, humans and the environment in the context of the Industrial Revolution is a useful exploration of disease research paradigms from the perspective of environmental history, and also provides a mirror for the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.

This book introduces many celebrities in the history of Japanese tea ceremony in the form of short stories, introduces the development of tea ceremony in Japan, and the connection between tea ceremony and Japanese economy, politics, and culture. It is suitable for readers who are interested in Japanese culture, Japanese history, and Japanese tea ceremony.

This book is the first book to comprehensively and systematically introduce the historical and cultural resources with the Grand Canal as the core after the Grand Canal was successfully applied for World Heritage. It comprehensively sorts out and studies the cultural symbols along the canal from the aspects of cultural inheritance, cultural identity and cultural going global. This book is divided into ten chapters: the concept and development stages of China's Grand Canal, China's Grand Canal and water transportation, China's Grand Canal as a world heritage, introduction to China's Grand Canal heritage sites, protection of China's Grand Canal heritage, dazzling array of China's Grand Canal heritage, China's Grand Canal and historical celebrities, China's Grand Canal and urban development, China's Grand Canal history and culture, China's Grand Canal and tourism development.

"Arab Studies Series" is a collection of Arab studies sponsored by the Arab Studies Center of Beijing International Studies University, the regional and national research base of the Ministry of Education. The content focuses on the politics, economy, society, culture and diplomacy of Arab countries. Based on the Arab Studies Forum, this journal selects academic papers published by scholars at the forum and compiles them into a volume to benefit the accumulation of domestic Arab studies.

The author selected more than 400 badges with exquisite designs and good condition from the collection of many old school badges and compiled them into this volume. It is not only a summary of his collection achievements in the past twenty years, but also brings readers an artistic feast about university badges. It also provides a simple review and combing of the development history of higher education in China over the past two decades. Many institutions in the book may have never appeared in the eyes of ordinary readers, and have not left detailed records in history. However, through these exquisite badges handed down, we can see the efforts and attempts made by modern Chinese intellectuals and educators in the process of developing higher education. Perhaps these attempts did not succeed in the end, but the wealth they left to future generations is not just a few exquisite badges, but also the deeper meaning contained in this book.

Nanjing University of Science and Technology is a national key university affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. It was formed from the Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Engineering Institute (referred to as "Harbin Military Engineering"), which was founded in 1953 as the highest institution of military science and technology in New China. It has gone through several development stages of Artillery Engineering Institute, East China Institute of Engineering, and East China Institute of Technology, and was renamed in 1993. This book outlines the school's basic situation, historical evolution, cultural accumulation, major events, celebrities and scholars, development vision, etc. It takes the school's development history as the main line and highlights the glorious traditions and school achievements.

This book attempts to analyze and explain what kind of group characteristics the emperors of the Ming Dynasty had? Why were the emperors in the middle and late Ming Dynasties incompetent? Why was the political operation of the Ming Dynasty still relatively stable despite the emperor's "role anomie"? What is the connection between the "problematic emperor" of the Ming Dynasty and the movements and trends of indulgence, money worship, hedonism, and the pursuit of individual liberation that were prevalent in society at that time? What role did the "problem emperor" play in the late Ming Dynasty? What is its relationship with social changes (especially changes in scholars)? How should we evaluate what scholars call a "highly developed civil service system"? How to evaluate the emperor's personal perceptual knowledge and the rational constraints of institutional norms? Is power dominating rationality, or is rationality constraining power?

This book defines the concept of non-governmental economic diplomacy on the premise of sorting out the background and development stages of the consciousness of non-governmental economic diplomacy. From the perspective of non-governmental economic diplomacy, with time as the warp and major historical events as the latitude, Sino-Japanese non-governmental economic diplomacy activities with business organizations as the main body are examined in the context of the domestic and international political and economic environments of China and Japan. Comprehensive use of theories and methods from various disciplines such as history, comparative economics, and political science, and through detailed comparison and textual research of historical materials between China and Japan, it focuses on reconstructing the historical process of the occurrence, development, and evolution of non-governmental economic diplomacy between China and Japan, as well as its relationship with the political diplomacy and mutual economic interests of the two countries.

This book starts from the description of the ritual system, which is the core content of the political system of the Tang Dynasty. With rich historical materials and detailed textual research analysis, it goes deep into the spiritual world of literati and the resulting literary field, and more clearly presents the complex interaction of ritual, literati, and literature in the historical context. From the perspective of the union of culture and literature, the author also conducts a detailed analysis and detailed investigation of the historical origins of the Tang Dynasty rituals such as suburban sacrifice, enshrinement, elegy, congratulations, and hunting rites under the Five Rites System of Ji, Bin, Jun, Jia, and Ou, as well as the evolutionary trends of related literary phenomena. He pays attention to the inherent rationale and multi-dimensional value of literary development in the context of ritual culture. Taking Du Fu's "Three Great Rituals" and Dunhuang calligraphy "Gantang Collection" as cases, he gave a unique interpretation of the ritual system embodied in the literature of the Tang Dynasty and the ritual system as literature. This book combines macroscopic understanding with microscopic empirical evidence, and pays equal attention to reflection on academic history and problem awareness. It has both an overall investigation of the relationship between rituals and literature in the Tang Dynasty, and a series of special studies from the perspective of the Five Rites. This opens a chapter on the ritual system for the study of Tang Dynasty literature, and adds new examples to the research fields of Tang Dynasty institutions and literature, and Tang Dynasty culture and literature.

This book takes state and county administration in the late Qing Dynasty as the research object, uses the theories of sociology, political science, and psychology as analytical tools, and uses the functions of state and county governments as the basic framework and main line to analyze the administrative operations and evolution of states and counties in the two lakes areas in the late Qing Dynasty, including changes in judicial functions, the evolution of social security management models, etc. Clarify the specific circumstances of state and county changes in the two lakes areas and their impact on state and county administration, and provide a reasonable explanation.

This book uses a large number of official documents from the Qing Dynasty to provide a comprehensive review of the origin and evolution of the powers of the Military Aircraft Department, the central decision-making body of the Qing Dynasty. The book takes the changes in the official document operation procedures of the Qing court as the starting point, combines the evolution of the political situation and personnel changes in the Qing Dynasty, comprehensively examines the development of the Military Aircraft Department's powers, and makes an appropriate analysis of the status and role of the Military Aircraft Department in the central decision-making process of the Qing court in different historical periods. Through a comprehensive investigation of the functions and powers of the Military Aircraft Department, the book draws conclusions: (1) The Military Aircraft Department expanded its functions and powers from the original secret office of northwest military affairs to all confidential government affairs of the Qing court by assisting the emperor in handling memorials and title books, thereby establishing the Military Aircraft Department's position in the central decision-making system. (2) Most of the powers of the Military Aircraft Department are inherited from the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers. The power of the Military Aircraft Department to assist the emperor in handling this chapter was inherited from the Cabinet of Great Scholars, and the power of the Military Aircraft Minister to participate in the confidential government affairs of the Qing court was inherited from the Council of Imperial Ministers. (3) The exercise of the powers of the Military Aircraft Department was mostly affected by factors such as changes in the political situation and personnel changes. This was especially obvious in the late Qing Dynasty. This book's comprehensive study of the functions and powers of the Military Aircraft Department not only advances the academic community's understanding of the Military Aircraft Department itself, but is also of great significance to understanding the political activities of the Qing Dynasty.

In the traditional Chinese period, property rights entities were dispersed. In this context, the dynasty salt trade reflected a high degree of market dependence on the one hand, and strong administrative control on the other. This can be regarded as one of the important entry points for understanding the traditional Chinese economy. This book, with approximately 258,000 words, is included in the "Sun Yat-sen University Historiography Series". The author is Professor Huang Guoxin from the Department of History, Sun Yat-sen University. The book is divided into six chapters. It deeply studies the salt trade issues in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the perspectives of salt monopoly, national finance, salt smuggling, and official salt trade. On the basis of previous research, it focuses on the regional research perspective and the significance of salt trade in the dynasty's fiscal revenue. It examines the relationship between the market, society, and administrative operating mechanisms during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is expected to help the academic community understand the characteristics of the traditional Chinese economy.