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This book is a collection of essays, mainly including the author's 14 essays on the history of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, most of which have been published. It is divided into four volumes. Volume 1 has 4 papers, which are all research papers on the history of the Five Dynasties; Volume 2 has 3 papers, which are for those who study the history of the Song Dynasty; Volume 3 has 4 papers, which are literature research; Volume 4 has 3 papers, including two reviews and a preface. Two appendices.

As the first dynasty in Chinese history after the Qin Dynasty that ruled for a longer period and had better social control, the Han Dynasty accumulated considerable experience and lessons in social security and established a relatively complete management system, which has important enlightenment significance for future generations. The Han Dynasty was the formative period of the ancient Chinese public security management system. Based on the documents handed down from the Han Dynasty and unearthed bamboo slips and inscriptions, the author took local social security in the Han Dynasty as the research object and analyzed the social security functions of grassroots officials in the Han Dynasty, the social security functions of certain local traffic management facilities, and local social security. It has made certain explorations into a series of contents such as social security laws and regulations, regional social security conditions, the impact of folk customs on social security, folk public opinion, and civil society participation in social security. Based on the existing relevant research results, it has conducted a relatively in-depth investigation of the grassroots social security conditions in the Han Dynasty, which has certain academic significance.

The management of the Northeast region occupied a very important and special position in the political and military system of the Yuan Empire. The Yuan Empire not only incorporated the entire Northeastern region into the feudal and provincial system, but also tried its best to strengthen its rule over the Northeastern border areas. Influenced by the mixed political system of Mongolia and Han, the Yuan Empire established ruling institutions such as vassals and Liaoyang provinces in the northeastern region, which not only connected the past with the past, but also had its own characteristics. Based on the existing research in the academic field, the author extensively collected relevant historical materials, combed and selected them, and based on the political background of the Yuan Dynasty, he carefully investigated the establishment of ruling institutions such as Liaoyang Province and the staged development of Northeastern rule. From aspects such as feudal changes, establishment of administrative districts, military garrison, establishment of supervisory agencies, Yuanli political relations, etc., He focused on outlining the trajectory of the evolution of the Yuan Empire's management strategy for the Northeastern region. This book is the first monograph by domestic and foreign academic circles to systematically and in-depth study the Liaoyang Province and Northeastern rule in the Yuan Dynasty. It is very helpful for enriching and filling in the research on the history of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and the Northeastern frontier.

More than 2,000 years ago, China's first feudal emperor made a decision to "use Qin coins as the currency of the world," which ushered in the economic integration and development of different regions and different ethnic groups. From the unified currency, to the emergence of financing, to the formation of business groups, China's traditional economy has gone through a long and arduous road.

The tribute system in Northeast Asia during the Han and Tang dynasties was a hierarchical political system established between the Han and Tang dynasties and the surrounding ethnic groups and countries. The scope of the tribute system in Northeast Asia during the Han and Tang dynasties can be divided into two parts. The first is the border minority areas outside counties and counties, which are managed by border counties and counties. They include various ethnic governments and primitive clan tribes of varying sizes, mainly the northeastern border areas under the jurisdiction of ancient Chinese dynasties. This book calls it the "inner circle." The second is the countries and regions surrounding the ancient Chinese dynasty. They conducted trade and cultural exchanges with China in the form of tribute, mainly the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago, which this book calls the "outer circle." It is worth noting that the two parts are not static, especially the neighboring nations and countries. In certain historical periods, the "outer circle" nations or countries have turned into the "inner circle", and the "inner circle" nations or countries have turned into the "outer circle". The reasons for the changes are complicated. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, the Chinese dynasties experienced great changes from unity to division, and from division to unity again. Northeast Asia's tribute was not abolished because of the division of the Chinese dynasties. Instead, it experienced a change process from a unitary system to a pluralistic system, a dual system, and then returned to a unitary system again. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the tribute system in Northeast Asia has always been an important political system in this region.

"Research on the Model Worker Movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region During the Anti-Japanese War" compiled by Wang Caixia is based on a large amount of literature and takes the model worker movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region as the research object. Under the background of the Anti-Japanese War, it conducts a comprehensive survey of the development of the model worker movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, analyzes the interactive relationship between the model worker movement and the border region government, and clarifies the operating mechanism of the model worker movement and the emergence of model workers. Process, explore the model rural movements and model worker groups that emerged during the model worker movement, discuss the form and effect of the media in the border areas, mainly represented by Liberation Daily, on the model worker movement, examine the spread of various literary and artistic forms in it, and then focus on analyzing the social impact of the model worker movement, including economy, politics, culture and its impact on the Communist Party regime and other base areas. At the same time, a large number of first-hand files are used to analyze the flaws existing in the model worker movement and the government's response measures.

"Research on Parliamentary Politics in the Early Republic of China (1911-1913)" focuses on two aspects: first, it places the parliamentary politics of the early Republic of China in the specific historical background of modern China, grasps the historical context of the development of parliamentary politics from a macro perspective, and then provides a more precise explanation of the rise and fall of parliamentary politics in the early Republic of China; second, starting from the operation of parliamentary politics itself, by sorting out the interactive relationship between parliamentary politics and the specific political and social situations of the early Republic of China, it reveals the historical experience and theoretical enlightenment contained therein. It is the theoretical basis for the structure of "Research on Parliamentary Politics in the Early Republic of China (1911-1913)".

"Research on Social Groups in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" contains 10 papers, which generally include three aspects of content: first, group studies of emperors and court officials. For a long time, academic circles have long discussed these research objects from the perspective of institutional or political history, and rarely paid attention to them from the perspective of groups; second, scholar groups, trying to reveal the group characteristics of scholar groups from different perspectives; third, group interaction and the relationship between groups and social development and changes in the current situation. Although most of the selected groups are middle and upper class, they are all implemented at the social level and take into account the society as a whole. The rise of social history has an obvious impact on traditional political history and institutional history. How can the research on traditional political history and institutional history, which has moved from the center to the periphery, regain its footing? How can it gain a new perspective and establish new academic significance? Drawing on the research methods and academic concepts of social history, examining the content of traditional political history and institutional history from the perspective of social history, or directly connecting political history with social history should be effective ways to try and explore. This collection is the result of this thinking and exploration. In fact, this achievement is also intended to correct the downward bias of social history.

"Sixty People from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty" is an introduction to the last two great dynasties in ancient China. The Ming and Qing Dynasties have always had many contents that attract the interest of modern people, such as the demise of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Qing Dynasty. The fall of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Qing Dynasty naturally involved human factors. There were emperors and important ministers who played a role, and some seemingly insignificant figures such as eunuchs, concubines and even wet nurses also played an important role. Through the various words and deeds of these characters, we can actually understand why a dynasty perished and why a dynasty rose. And these not only help us understand history, but also help us grasp the present: how to be ourselves, how to make friends, how to know and employ people. The sixty people described in this book are a vast world, embodying infinite philosophy.

This book is a companion volume to "Three Hundred Years of Jianghu". Mainly based on archives, local chronicles, memoirs, etc., This book truly reproduces the intricate and confusing Jianghu society in China over the past three hundred years. It gives a panoramic description of the ups and downs experienced by gangs: they have gone through a vigorous revolutionary process, and they have also fallen into the underworld that was criticized by people... How did the Revolutionary Party of 1911 incite and guide the gangs to participate in the anti-Qing revolution? What active role did gangs play in the revolution? What negative impact did gangs have on the revolution? How did a gang transform into a mafia organization?

This book is a special collection of articles by members of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It contains 20 essays by the author. It mainly contains the author's thoughts on several macro-level issues in modern Chinese history, including the periodization of modern Chinese history, theoretical methods, the Opium War, early modernization, all-day relations, and anti-aggression understanding.

This book intends to conduct a special study on the construction process of the provincial system of the Nanjing National Government in the ten years (1927-1937), as well as the entanglements of various political forces behind it around issues such as centralization and division of power, unification and autonomy. The author hopes that through the completion of this project, Under the background of the political changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the politics and society during the Nanjing National Government period (1927-1937) were studied. On this basis, we can understand and grasp the differences in political systems and concepts between China and foreign countries, and then understand China's national conditions and development trends, providing a historical mirror for the current provincial reform.

"Research on Eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty and Others" contains a collection of the author's published papers, covering economics, politics, justice, national defense science and technology, etc. It first fills some gaps in the study of Ming history, especially the study of the history of eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty; secondly, it supplements the existing research on the cabinet system and Zhang Juzheng's reform in the Ming Dynasty and puts forward its own new opinions; thirdly, it introduces two important historical books that are little known, "The Ci" and "The Artifact Spectrum".

Compared with the previous fifty years, Qianlong's later years became the most failed and criticized period of Qianlong's rule. The writing style of this book is quite different from the first two. This book puts forward different opinions on several theories, and seems to be a little defense for Emperor Qianlong: was the reason for his failure, or was it because of the dereliction of political affairs? Or is it because of official corruption? Or is it because He Shen is the one responsible? Or lack of vision, resulting in the loss of a possible opportunity (such as in international trade)? ... The biggest controversy may still lie in the so-called "political dereliction". The "autocratic centralization" that people imagine is actually not easy in this country with a vast territory and a high degree of mobility among the people? Another character mentioned in the Qianlong Trilogy is Liu Songling, who is discussed in detail in this book. In addition, the author's methodology for researching Qing history for more than thirty years is also listed for readers to meet. In the end, Qianlong still had to bid farewell to this world and leave with great regret. And our Qianlong Trilogy can come to an end here.

The Qianlong Dynasty needs to be studied in stages, and it is not appropriate to write straightforwardly. It is sixty-three years at a time. Therefore, the author divides the Qianlong Dynasty into three stages: 1. "Initial Qianlong Administration" (i. E., "Thirteen Years of Qianlong"), about the first fifteen years; 2. "Middle Qianlong" (i. E., "Mashing the Court"), from the 16th to 49th year of Qianlong; 3. "Late Scene of Qianlong", which lasts for more than ten years. In the first stage of the Qianlong Dynasty, the country was mainly governed based on traditional Confucian concepts - such as "restoring the three generations" - but in the second stage, it showed more of the "Manchu characteristics" of Qing rule. This was not a simple "discrimination between leniency and strictness" or "changing from leniency to strictness", but rather reproduced their characteristic of "ruling the country immediately". This book is about the Qianlong Dynasty, about thirty-three years of history. Taking the Southern Tour as the center, I connected many things together, especially those related to "teaching the people" as opposed to "nurturing the people", including "literary prison" and other not-so-small topics. Like writing a story, I wrote them down one by one, paragraph by paragraph, year by year...

"General History of China" is divided into upper and lower parts. The upper part focuses on cultural phenomena, while the lower part connects them in historical order, sorting out historical knowledge more systematically while sorting out the rise and fall. "General History of China" has been continuously reprinted since its publication, which is enough to show that people recognize the general history written by Mr. Lu. There is no need to go into details about the advantages of such a classic work, but here we still need to emphasize the characteristics of this book: There are many excellent historical classics in the history of our country, but the writing and ink are grand and too profound, which blocks out the entry of junior readers who do not have deep knowledge of classical Chinese. However, Mr. Lu's book is concise and simple in writing, which is relatively simple. In the 77 years since its publication, "The General History of China" has become a best-selling classic.

Wu Tang was an important historical figure during the "Zhongxing" period of Xiantong. He was selected by the National People's Congress to be responsible for river engineering in Nanhe, and was promoted from county magistrate to governor. In the early stage, they had been suppressing the enemy in Jiangbei. At the peak of his power, the governor of water transportation controlled all civil and military personnel in Jiangbei, as well as military affairs and all local affairs. He was responsible for the preparation and control of wages for Jiangbei Liangtai. When Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang were governor-general of Liangjiang or Jiangsu in order to suppress the Taiping Army and Nian Army, Wu Tang had been controlling the Huai, Yang, and Xu prefectures in Jiangbei. In fact, there was a faint trend of rivalry with Jiangnan in Jiangsu. He was the most powerful water transport governor in the late Qing Dynasty. In the fifth year of Tongzhi, Wu Tang was transferred to the post of governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. In order to implement his policy measures, he did not hesitate to offend Zuo Zongtang, Shen Baozhen and others. In the end, the Qing government had to transfer him to the post of governor of Sichuan. Wu Tang served as governor of Sichuan for nine years until he returned home due to illness. As an important member of the ZTE group of famous ministers, Wu Tang played a very important role in the political situation during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years.

In the course of world history, diverse civilizations have always had an interactive and symbiotic relationship. Based on literature research, this book integrates philology, academic history, and ideological and cultural history research with a global historical perspective to reveal the collision and interaction between Chinese and Western civilizations, highlighting the symbiosis and harmony achieved in this collision and interaction, and providing historical and cultural basis for today's "promoting friendly coexistence, equal dialogue, development and prosperity of different civilizations, and jointly building a harmonious world." Its publication has important historical theory and academic research value.

The ancient Chinese supervisory system was established in the Three Dynasties and flourished over time, reaching its peak in the Li and Tang Dynasties. The group of censors in the Tang Dynasty was not only the subject of supervision, but also the subject of literary creation. When they were the subject of supervision, the group of censors in the Tang Dynasty showed vigorous supervision practice and unscrupulous admonishment posture; when they were the subject of literature, the spirit of supervision and remonstrance accompanying their active political participation deeply affected the literary creation of the censors of the Tang Dynasty. But so far, there has been no monograph in the academic circle that studies the relationship between the censors and literature in the Tang Dynasty as a relatively independent literary phenomenon. This book attempts to study the relationship between the censors and literature in the Tang Dynasty from the perspectives of literature, history, law and other disciplines. The genealogy and the genealogy of thinking characterized by truth-seeking, criticism, and healing also dynamically examine the development and changes of the censor's personality in different historical stages of the Tang Dynasty and its relationship with literature; it not only examines the impact of the censor's activities on the literature of the Tang Dynasty at a macro level, but also explores the relationship between the censor's activities and poetry and prose creation at a micro level. This book, to a certain extent, makes up for the structural flaws in current research on Tang Dynasty literature and has achieved overall innovative and original academic results.

Small jokes in the big history, small temperaments among the big people. Interesting, informative and well-founded, it provides a panoramic view of Chinese history in detail. This set includes: "Dark Logic: The Details Behind Zhang Ming's History", "Illustrated Micro History: Chinese History in Details", "Winter of the Empire: Silver, Braid and Face".

The protagonist of this book is Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty. The content revolves around the life activities of Song Taizu: including the background of the five generations of Song Taizu's birth, Song Taizu's early years, Song Taizu's growth in the later Zhou Dynasty, the Chenqiao mutiny, the release of military power over a cup of wine, the reunification of the motherland, and the establishment of a civilian political system (tongpan, transfer envoys, civil officials to prefectures and counties, and civilians responsible for local taxes (recruitment, etc.), Rectify and reform the imperial examination system, unify the planning of the military system, national criminal law, financial revenue and expenditure, punish corruption, promote reading, appoint and remove officials, supervise, take exams, rewards and punishments, build water conservancy, reduce taxes, care for the people of the world, handle the family affairs of officials around him, plant trees, protect animals, etc. All political actions of Song Taizu throughout his life are all written in this book. In order to strictly abide by historical facts, the chronological order basically follows the Southern Song Dynasty Li Tao's "Continuation of Zizhi Tongjian Longbian", and references are made to "History of the Song Dynasty", "Spring and Autumn Period of Ten Kingdoms", "Old History of the Five Dynasties", "New History of the Five Dynasties", "Zi Zhi Tongjian", "History of Liao", "Khitan Chronicles" and other works. The book also attempts to reveal the inner world of key figures, such as the depiction of what Song Taizu, Zhao Pu, Zhao Guangyi, Li Yu, Qian Chu, etc. Thought and felt in special scenes, which is truly real, touching, and even shocking. The details are in the writing.

"Historical Records" tells us that China is an ancient country with a glorious civilization of five thousand years. The Chinese civilization is the only uninterrupted civilization in the world. It is not only broad and profound, but also magical and magnificent, and will last forever. "Historical Records" provides a detailed, rigorous and vivid account of the origin and development of Chinese civilization, as well as the touching stories of our ancestors in the process of creating civilization. Reading "Historical Records" will make us have a deep warmth and respect for China's past history, long civilization and great ancestors.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was a transitional period between the Tang and Song Dynasties. It was the continuation of the separatist rule of vassal towns at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the basic unification of the Northern Song Dynasty. It has an unusual position in ancient Chinese history. The Ma Chu regime established in present-day Hunan is an important part of the political power of the Ten Kingdoms, and its history is an inseparable part of the history of the Ten Kingdoms. This book analyzes the commonalities and differences between the Machu regime and other regimes in terms of politics, economy, military and foreign policy, and discusses the historical process and internal reasons of its rise and fall. This study is of certain significance for deepening the understanding of the history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, studying the historical changes in the relationship between central and local power in ancient China, exploring the development and changes of ancient China's political system, and refining the study of the types of feudal towns and the understanding of the power inheritance system of feudal towns.

This book focuses on Yanliang District, an area where Shandong immigrants live, and also takes into account the surrounding districts and counties such as Sanyuan, Fuping, Pucheng, and Lintong. It interprets the tragic and heroic songs of Shandong immigrants in history for readers.

Toynbee, a British historian, once said: "If a person can be in the midst of historical insights, he must be a person who has gained true knowledge, because historical experience is the richest storehouse of wisdom." History contains experience and true knowledge. It records the success and failure, prosperity and decline, glory and sorrow, alternation and renewal of human society, and it also foreshadows the future of mankind. "Learning from the rise and fall of the past and examining the gains and losses of the present", the greatest role of history is as the ancient Greek historian Polybius said, "The special function of history is to enable people to understand the reasons for the success or failure of a certain policy or political opinion" and "make us face reality more cautiously and boldly". The role of history determines that the greatest value of history lies in truth. However, history is often the easiest to be rewritten, because "history is the propaganda of the winner." The history of China begins with the legendary Yellow Emperor. The fertile Yellow River Basin became the source of the Chinese people. The Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor who lived here became the common ancestors of the Chinese people and created the Chinese civilization.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Prince Maodun killed his father and seized power, starting the historical process of the unprecedented rise of the Xiongnu. Taking advantage of the conflict between the Chu and Han Dynasties in the Central Plains, Mao Dun killed the Donghu and Zhuyue clan to unify the grassland; and then used 400,000 horses to trap Han Emperor Liu Bang on Baishan Mountain... The battles between nomadic groups, the internal competition in the Central Plains, the wars and peace between the Huns and Han, and the strategic occupation of the Western Regions, a legendary and profound history is vividly reproduced in this book. In the first volume, the Huns were overthrown from the north to the south. "Prince" Maodun launched a coup, and Xiang Ji dominated the battle of Julu in the Central Plains. The Xiongnu destroyed Donghu, expelled the Yuezhi and dominated the north. The Chu-Han conflict changed the overall situation, and the situation started again. In the middle volume, Baideng Fengyun is about the Xiongnu cavalry spying on Guanzhong, making plans to lure the enemy, and laying out plans to encircle and annihilate the Han Dynasty army. There are climaxes one after another, the plot is treacherous and ups and downs, and there are many suspense. Finally, the war between the Han and the Huns is temporarily extinguished. In the next volume of the Tianshan Mountains, the Xiongnu attacked the Western Regions from multiple routes every day. The Central Plains recuperated and crossed Feishakou.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Prince Maodun killed his father and seized power, starting the historical process of the unprecedented rise of the Xiongnu. Taking advantage of the conflict between the Chu and Han Dynasties in the Central Plains, Mao Dun killed the Donghu and Zhuyue clan to unify the grassland; and then used 400,000 horses to trap Han Emperor Liu Bang on Baishan Mountain... The battles between nomadic groups, the internal competition in the Central Plains, the wars and peace between the Huns and Han, and the strategic occupation of the Western Regions, a legendary and profound history is vividly reproduced in this book. In the first volume, the Huns were overthrown from the north to the south. "Prince" Maodun launched a coup, and Xiang Ji dominated the battle of Julu in the Central Plains. The Xiongnu destroyed Donghu, expelled the Yuezhi and dominated the north. The Chu-Han conflict changed the overall situation, and the situation started again. In the middle volume, Baideng Fengyun is about the Xiongnu cavalry spying on Guanzhong, making plans to lure the enemy, and laying out plans to encircle and annihilate the Han Dynasty army. There are climaxes one after another, the plot is treacherous and ups and downs, and there are many suspense. Finally, the war between the Han and the Huns is temporarily extinguished. In the next volume of the Tianshan Mountains, the Xiongnu attacked the Western Regions from multiple routes every day. The Central Plains recuperated and crossed Feishakou.

New details are revealed, and first-hand historical data analysis will completely clear up your old perceptions in minutes! This is a history of the Long March that is interesting, secretive, subversive, and full of vivid humanity. Before reading this book, don't say you really understand the Long March! "Iron River in Northern Shaanxi" is a documentary graphic work that reflects the Red Army's Long March. From a new perspective of the region from north to south, it interprets international reports on the red base areas in northern China during this period and pictures taken by international friends to recreate the Red Army. The unknown story of the army reproduces the process of how various troops arrived in northern Shaanxi one after another during the Long March and entered this new cradle of red, and shows how these red seeds went through fierce battles to regain a foothold on the Loess Plateau and start a new journey.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Prince Maodun killed his father and seized power, starting the historical process of the unprecedented rise of the Xiongnu. Taking advantage of the conflict between the Chu and Han Dynasties in the Central Plains, Mao Dun killed the Donghu and Zhuyue clan to unify the grassland; and then used 400,000 horses to trap Han Emperor Liu Bang on Baishan Mountain... The battles between nomadic groups, the internal competition in the Central Plains, the wars and peace between the Huns and Han, and the strategic occupation of the Western Regions, a legendary and profound history is vividly reproduced in this book. In the first volume, the Huns were overthrown from the north to the south. "Prince" Maodun launched a coup, and Xiang Ji dominated the battle of Julu in the Central Plains. The Xiongnu destroyed Donghu, expelled the Yuezhi and dominated the north. The Chu-Han conflict changed the overall situation, and the situation started again. In the middle volume, Baideng Fengyun is about the Xiongnu cavalry spying on Guanzhong, making plans to lure the enemy, and laying out plans to encircle and annihilate the Han Dynasty army. There are climaxes one after another, the plot is treacherous and ups and downs, and there are many suspense. Finally, the war between the Han and the Huns is temporarily extinguished. In the next volume of the Tianshan Mountains, the Xiongnu attacked the Western Regions from multiple routes every day. The Central Plains recuperated and crossed Feishakou.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Prince Maodun killed his father and seized power, starting the historical process of the unprecedented rise of the Xiongnu. Taking advantage of the conflict between the Chu and Han Dynasties in the Central Plains, Mao Dun killed the Donghu and Zhuyue clan to unify the grassland; and then used 400,000 horses to trap Han Emperor Liu Bang on Baishan Mountain... The battles between nomadic groups, the internal competition in the Central Plains, the wars and peace between the Huns and Han, and the strategic occupation of the Western Regions, a legendary and profound history is vividly reproduced in this book. In the first volume, the Huns were overthrown from the north to the south. "Prince" Maodun launched a coup, and Xiang Ji dominated the battle of Julu in the Central Plains. The Xiongnu destroyed Donghu, expelled the Yuezhi and dominated the north. The Chu-Han conflict changed the overall situation, and the situation started again. In the middle volume, Baideng Fengyun is about the Xiongnu cavalry spying on Guanzhong, making plans to lure the enemy, and laying out plans to encircle and annihilate the Han Dynasty army. There are climaxes one after another, the plot is treacherous and ups and downs, and there are many suspense. Finally, the war between the Han and the Huns is temporarily extinguished. In the next volume of the Tianshan Mountains, the Xiongnu attacked the Western Regions from multiple routes every day. The Central Plains recuperated and crossed Feishakou.

"Common Sense of Modern Chinese History" takes China's modernization as a clue and tells the story of China's nearly one hundred years of modern history from the beginning of the Opium War to the Anti-Japanese War. When describing China's modern history, the author concluded that "whether the Chinese can modernize will determine the rise or fall of the country." Describe the changes that the Chinese people have made to strive for self-improvement in the face of major changes in the world, and analyze the reasons for the failure of these changes. This book leads the trend of modern history research and is recognized by historians as the pioneering work in the study of modern Chinese history.

In view of the widespread academic attention in recent years to newly discovered medieval documents and archaeological materials, the Research Center for Ancient Chinese History at Peking University will hold the "International Symposium on Textuality and Materiality in Medieval: New Frontiers in Medieval Studies" in 2017. China: International Symposium at Peking University), this volume of "Tang Studies" is a special collection of conference papers, hoping to focus on the relationship between textuality and materiality in medieval Chinese historical materials, so as to re-evaluate the historical value of textual and material materials from the 5th to the 10th century. This assessment can be carried out from various angles (art, economy, history, literature, and religion), especially involving the following aspects: 1. Textuality and materiality in the Middle Ages, 2. The intersection of textuality and materiality, 3. The multiple purposes of textual and material production, 4. The consumption practice of text and material. Each paper will discuss the above topics.

Material culture research is an emerging research field in contemporary Western humanities academic research. It changes the tradition of humanities academic research that emphasizes spirit and concepts, and focuses the research object on all material products created to meet the needs of human survival and development. It believes that these material products have different cultural functions and values, and play a leading role in constructing daily life styles and influencing historical changes in society. This book relatively comprehensively reflects the current basic status of domestic material culture research, and is a concentrated expression of the cutting-edge research results of domestic material culture so far.

Zhang Tingyu's "History of the Ming Dynasty and Geography" has always been famous for its rigorous style, elegant writing style, and vivid chronological colors, but omissions and errors are inevitable. These errors include errors in names, directions, times, data, affiliations and historical events, omissions of historical events, inversions, falsifications, omissions, repeated content, duplication of entries, punctuation errors, etc. Based on Wan Sitong's "History of the Ming Dynasty - Geography" and Wang Hongxu's "Manuscript of the History of the Ming Dynasty - Geography", this book extensively cites original documents such as Ming Dynasty records, political books, anthologies, notes, history books of previous dynasties, and Ming and Qing local chronicles, and is revised by Zhonghua Book Company. The more than 1,400 errors and omissions in this "History of the Ming Dynasty and Geography" have been carefully examined and corrected in an attempt to correct the source and avoid misrepresentation. This has made the best academic contribution to the improvement of "History of the Ming Dynasty and Geography" and the accurate use of historical materials by researchers.

On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army invaded Nanjing, the capital of the Nationalist Government, and the people of Nanjing experienced eight years of misfortune. With the help of people from mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as the United States, Japan, and South Korea, the author of this book has collected original archives, documents, physical objects, newspapers, periodicals, books, and social survey data. The author has continuously added and replaced historical materials, deepened and precise the discussion, adjusted the text structure, and polished the text. After several years of comprehensive improvement of the manuscript, it reproduces the unprecedented disaster and humiliation suffered in the eight years after the fall of Nanjing, and awakens a period of history that today's readers must never forget.

To study the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei's autobiography "My History" is a must-read book. Kang Youwei's "My History" was not published during his lifetime. In the 1950s, it was renamed "Kang Nanhai's Self-Compiled Chronicle" and published. As a first-hand material, it has a high citation rate; however, it has been pointed out that many lies have been made since the 1970s. As a result, today's academic community is trapped in a situation where those who know it dare not use it, and those who don't know it still use it casually. This book is the author's in-depth compilation and research of "My History"; the ultimate goal is to determine historical facts and lies, so that readers can use this most important and commonly used document with confidence.

The two Opium Wars were actually a turning point in Chinese history, as a traditional country entered the modern world. The author thus examines the military aspects of the two Opium Wars: the Qing Dynasty's military expenditure, troop strength, equipment, and training levels, in order to reveal the old appearance of the "Chinese Dynasty" in front of the new enemies in the West; the author examines the diplomacy in the two Opium Wars: the entry into the city of Guangzhou, Xili's audience, the ambassador's stationing in Beijing, and Ye Mingchen's diplomatic thoughts, to illustrate " Diplomatic misconduct under the concept of "Chinese Dynasty"; examines several important battle cases in the two Opium Wars: the Battle of Humen, the Battle of Wusong, the Battle of Eastern Zhejiang, and the Three Battles of Dagu, to calculate the actual distance measured by modern standards, and to illustrate the various pains of inconsistency in traditional countries in the process of adapting to the international society. This book and "The Collapse of the Celestial Empire" form a companion volume. They were first published in the mid-to-late 1990s. They are also the author's representative works in modern history research.

The Reform Movement of 1898 is a major event in Chinese history, and there have been many related studies. The research in this book is still refreshing: the disclosure of a large number of archival materials. The sources include the First Historical Archives of China in Beijing, the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Tokyo, the Archives of the Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica in Taipei, and the Documentation Department of the National Palace Museum. Careful research on major historical facts and detailed descriptions of important scenes: the time, process and original story of the 1898 Coup; the suggestions of middle- and lower-level officials and the public on the reform; Zhang Zhidong's transfer to the capital to preside over the government and the missed opportunities; Emperor Guangxu's foreign concepts; the Japanese government's observations and reactions. The author devoted five and a half years to the recognition, correction and revision of the old theory, and the development, demonstration and establishment of the new theory.

The year 2018 marks the 1,400th anniversary of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, the most glorious and powerful country in Chinese history. In the long history of China, "Tang people", "Tang style", "Tang art" and even "Tang suit" have always been talked about and taken pride in as a mark of the great power in its prosperous times. This book is a summary of the author's research on the history of the Tang Dynasty, focusing on sorting out the relevant political, economic, and cultural phenomena and key issues in the history of the Tang Dynasty.

The Reform Movement of 1898 is a major event in Chinese history, and there have been many related studies. The research in this book is still refreshing: the disclosure of a large number of archival materials. The sources include the First Historical Archives of China in Beijing, the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Tokyo, the Archives of the Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica in Taipei, and the Documentation Department of the National Palace Museum. Careful research on major historical facts and detailed descriptions of important scenes: the time, process and original story of the 1898 Coup; the suggestions of middle- and lower-level officials and the public on the reform; Zhang Zhidong's transfer to the capital to preside over the government and the missed opportunities; Emperor Guangxu's foreign concepts; the Japanese government's observations and reactions. The author devoted five and a half years to the recognition, correction and revision of the old theory, and the development, demonstration and establishment of the new theory.

This book focuses on describing 13 prosperous times, including the Chengkang rule, the Wenjing rule, the Zhaoxuan Zhongxing, the Guangwu Zhongxing, the Mingzhang rule, the Yuanjia rule, the Kaihuang rule, the Zhenguan rule, the Yonghui rule, the Kaiyuan flourishing age, the Xianping rule, the Yongle flourishing age, and the Kangxi and Qianlong flourishing periods.

This book is the first to systematically use the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed underground to conduct useful research and exploration on the sports forms that appeared in early China. It is also the first time to use oracle bone inscription materials to conduct a relatively systematic classification and analysis of the traditional sports factors of China's early nationalities from the perspective of sports. The overall research is based on oracle bone inscriptions and oracle materials, and uses a multidisciplinary approach to initially build a framework for the history of sports in the Shang Dynasty. The study of sports history, especially the study of sports history in the Shang Dynasty, will have important reference value.

In the modernization process of Chinese society, international students have played a key role. This is a consensus among academic circles. Therefore, this group has been the focus of academic attention and research for hundreds of years. Historiography has achieved fruitful results and has received widespread attention from society. Although some research works have appeared in literature, they are mainly concentrated in modern times, that is, before and after the May 4th Movement. As for the more critical overseas students in the late Qing Dynasty, due to insufficient excavation of historical materials, no in-depth research monographs have been published. At the same time, some current sporadic studies have a very broad and vague definition of international students, so that non-strict foreign students such as those who go abroad for inspection and travel are also included, causing the research to lose its scientific and rigorous nature. Therefore, the current research is not enough to answer these key questions, namely: How many foreign students participated in the literary reform activities in the late Qing Dynasty, what were their main contributions, and what were the characteristics of their creations? Etc. This book first defines the research object (the literary group of overseas students in the late Qing Dynasty) as those who have school experience abroad and are engaged in literary activities during and after studying abroad. Then, it identifies this literary group and its literary activities through combing through a large number of historical materials. Then, on this basis, it conducts a comprehensive and realistic research and evaluation of their role in the transformation process of late Qing literature. The content of the discussion mainly involves the reception and influence of foreign literature by foreign students in the late Qing Dynasty, foreign students and the transformation of literary theory in the late Qing Dynasty, foreign students and the rise of translated literature in the late Qing Dynasty, foreign students and the innovation of poetry and literature in the late Qing Dynasty, foreign students and the reform of novels and operas in the late Qing Dynasty, the interaction between foreign students and local writers, and the shift of the focus of literature in the late Qing Dynasty. It can be said that this book generally clarifies the literary activities and role of foreign students in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the most in-depth research work on this topic so far.

During the great Anti-Japanese War more than 70 years ago, the vast number of literary and art workers made great efforts and sacrifices and made significant contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. This collection contains the oral accounts of 80 elderly people who recalled their cultural and artistic activities during the Anti-Japanese War. These vivid recollections present a magnificent picture of literary and artistic workers using poetry, music, art, drama, dance and other forms to promote and inspire soldiers and civilians to join the war of resistance during the turbulent years of blood and fire. Most of the oral narratives in the book were compiled by the editor and some friends in recent years, and some were interviewed by others many years ago. Some of the interviewees are well-known and some are unknown: some accounts reveal previously unknown things and fill gaps in the historical record. This book will help readers gain a more comprehensive understanding of that period of history and understand what people thought and did at that time, thereby benefiting and enlightening them.

The bacterial warfare of the Japanese invaders in Changde triggered an unprecedented plague pandemic in Changde's urban and rural areas, causing the death of at least 7,643 peaceful residents. Countless happy and happy families were disintegrated due to bacterial warfare. The victims and survivors who suffered the death of their loved ones and experienced a difficult life have always remembered those unbearable memories. The germ warfare lawsuit allowed them to finally complain about the pain that had been stagnating in their hearts for decades. The inhumane war atrocities committed by the Japanese invaders in violation of international conventions were also exposed to the world. This book publishes part of the oral history investigation materials collected over many years by the Changde City Association of Victims of Japanese Military Bacteriological Warfare and the Institute of Bacteriological Warfare Crimes of Hunan University of Arts and Sciences. With its originality, directness, vividness and extensiveness, it truly reproduces the bacteriological warfare crimes committed by the Japanese invaders in Changde. The author starts from the perspective of oral history, uses historical archives and documentary records as evidence, and uses quantitative historical methods to study and expose the harm of the bacteriological warfare of the Japanese invaders in Changde to local people and society. This is the first time in this research field in China that the research on the damage caused by the Japanese military's bacterial warfare has been expanded from the number of deaths to the socioeconomic hazards, social structural hazards, and natural (ecological) environmental hazards.

In the modern history of China, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War was a turning point in the historical development of China, the Far East, and even a turning point in the development of the international situation. This year marks the 120th anniversary of the Sino-Japanese War of 1888-1896. At this time, we need to review the origins and process of the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895, understand the intricate interest relationships between China and North Korea, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, the United States and other countries in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894, and clarify the signing process of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the amount of compensation, the cession of Taiwan, and the resistance of the Taiwanese people. Revisiting many of the above issues will be helpful for us to learn the lessons of the Sino-Japanese War of 120 years ago and to safeguard the territorial integrity and unity of the motherland.

This book is the final result of the National Social Science Foundation's later-funded project "Rear Area Transportation and Western Economic Development during the Anti-Japanese War." This book is based on a large number of archival materials and historical documents, and comprehensively uses the theories and methods of history, geography, regional economics, institutional economics, statistics and other disciplines to conduct a comprehensive and multi-faceted study of rear transportation during the War of Resistance and its economic impact on the western region for the first time. This result deepens the study of the history of the Republic of China and helps improve the academic level of research on the history of the Anti-Japanese War and regional economic history. At the same time, it can provide historical reference for the current economic development of the western region and has practical significance.

Based on a large number of original materials, the author discusses the political power construction, social economy, land reform and women's liberation in the border areas, and draws many convincing conclusions. This book strives to overcome the "bias" of grand narratives and value predictions that were common in the history of the Chinese revolution and the history of the Communist Party of China. It adopts a "new revolutionary history" perspective and logical approach, and through multiple comparisons and careful analysis of various new historical materials, various subjective and objective factors in the revolutionary process in the border areas can be clearly presented and form a roughly visible "whole picture."

This book restores the formation process of Guangxi's high-level administrative regions and Guangxi's frontiers. Since then, the central dynasty's governance of the Lingnan frontiers has mainly centered on Guangxi. It clarifies the relationship between the changes in Guangxi's geographical structure in the past dynasties and the adjustment of the central dynasty's border governance strategies, and points out the dynasty's strategies for governing Guangxi's frontiers. It has experienced a major transformation from the ancient concept of feudal borders, "domestic control as the mainstay, external protection as a supplement" to the modern territorial concept of "protecting external borders and protecting the border"; it has systematically discussed various factors that influenced the governance of Guangxi's frontiers by successive dynasties, and conducted an in-depth analysis of the structure and mechanism of these factors.

This book is a collection of the author's essays. The author refers to himself as "loose essays", but in fact most of his work focuses on party politics in the early Republic of China, two legendary figures in the political arena, Li Liejun and Feng Yuxiang, and women. Among them, there are certainly no shortage of new theories or highlights.