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Officialdom, workplace, monastery, love field, no matter whether it looks beautiful or not, there is only one truth: everyone is realizing the value of using and being used. In the book "36 Letters from Tang Monk to Guanyin", Master Xin Ke provides an alternative interpretation of the classic "Journey to the West" through 36 letters written by Tang Monk. The author ruthlessly ridiculed the idols in the original work, exposed all the truth that Wu Chengen could not bear to say, and harshly criticized the "fine traditions" and "orthodox concepts" in Chinese history and culture. The work uses classics as raw materials, showing unbridled imagination, as well as eye-popping modern style and historical observations that go against common sense. It is the most subversive literary work in recent years and the most insomniac for "gentlemen". Official historians and wild messengers can be picked up at hand, talking about the past and the present, laughing and scolding them uninhibitedly. It is hearty, refreshing and relieves boredom. The writing style is spicy and ironic, and the pen and ink are galloping. With a volume in your hand, you must read it in one breath.

"Journey to the West" is one of my country's four classic classics. Through the interpretation and promotion of comic books and TV series, its characters and main plots have become household names and are familiar to everyone. The author has a special liking for this famous work, studied it in depth, and wrote down his own interpretation and experience, creating the monograph "Journey to the West". This is a cultural achievement and a pleasure. The book is quite innovative and has certain academic value.

Come to Xinxia to study the "three studies": history, bibliography, and local chronicles. At the age of 90, he keeps reading and writing. Although "Nine Lectures on Book Culture" only has 150,000 words, it is rich in information, informative and informative. The first "four lectures" talk about the development and evolution of books, the fifth and sixth lectures talk about the "collection" and "transmission" of books, and the seventh, eighth and ninth lectures respectively introduce important books in ancient times. The whole book has more than a hundred precious pictures about books.

From the first marriage in the Book of Songs to the turmoil of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the brightness of the Tang Dynasty, and the beauty of the Song Dynasty, the image of peach blossoms continues endlessly in classical poetry, covering its branches and reincarnations. People can easily understand the symbolic meaning of pine, bamboo, plum orchid in Chinese culture, but it is not easy to understand the cultural connotation of things like peach blossoms. Peach blossoms in China are too complicated. Whenever I think of them, there is an ambiguity that is difficult to describe.

This book was written many years ago and has been criticized a lot, but it has always been one of my favorites. How can a good author change his mind due to criticism? Records can be featured, as can text. Of course, the difference is that maybe one of my three books can be selected, but there may not be one among the thirty books by other authors. I like the language passages in this book very much. Sometimes I am frightened by myself, thinking how to write so well, but now I may not be able to figure it out - this idea will always be there when I read my last book.

Chinese poetry is like a secretly fragrant orchid. It is simple and unpretentious but best describes all aspects of life. There is no other dynasty where women can be as daring to love, hate, and strong and infatuated as the women of the Han Dynasty. I can no longer find that wild, yet gentle and affectionate man. Write about the love of the Han Dynasty with today's pen, and what comes to you is not only the strong smell of fireworks, but also the love, hate and infatuation that make your heart beat.

Through the interpretation of Li Qingzhao's handed down poems, the life of the famous female poet Li Qingzhao is presented from a unique perspective. A biography of Li Qingzhao that is both authentic and warm and playful, and a song by Yi Anxin that talks about the flashy years.

Yuefu poetry is "feeling sad and happy, and inspired by events". The emotions are strong and exposed, the form is simple and natural, and it is good at narrative. In "Flowers Blooming on the Moshang", An Yiru uses poetry as a clue, history as material, and unique perceptual words to perfectly decode the ancient Yuefu poetry and restore the stories of lingering sorrow and joy, the rich and handsome characters, and the unpredictable emotions. Go back to the Han, Wei, Jin, Six Dynasties, Tang Dynasty, and Five Dynasties. Go and watch the infinite romance at that time.

"Books and People" was written by Gao Wei. "Books and People" is divided into three chapters, aiming to warn Chinese people and vigorously promote reading. Specific contents include "Impression of Heping", "Whose Sorrow", "Old Edition Books That Should Not Be underestimated", "Whose Fault Is the Prevalence of Fake Books", "Only Read the First Half of the Biography", etc. This book can be used as a reference book by those engaged in related work.

"Spirit of Watching" was written by Guo Yunde. "Spirit of Watching" is divided into three chapters, aiming to warn Chinese people and vigorously promote reading. Specific contents include "History Encounters the Entertainment Wave", "Building the Diamond Structure of the Cultural Industry", "Embarrassing Literary Criticism", "Profound Displacement from Scenery to Culture", etc. This book can be used as a reference book by those engaged in related work.

This book was written by Xu Huaiqian. The book is divided into 6 chapters. It aims to warn Chinese people and vigorously promote reading. The specific contents include "The Childlike Innocence of Artists - Reading Feng Zikai's "Essays of Yuan Yuantang"", "The Tiger and the Rose - Reading Yu Guangzhong's Prose", "The Warm Sun in Lantian and the Jade Making Smoke - The Artistic Characteristics of Zang Kejia's Prose", "The Sad Life of Lonely Academics - Reading "The Last Twenty Years of Chen Yinke"", "It's not me, it's the wind? --Read "Reflections on Guo Moruo", "We are also scholars - read Zhou Yiliang "After all, I am a scholar", "Conscience of Culture - About "Untimely Thoughts" and "Records of Pain", etc.

"Liao Zhai" is a literary masterpiece written for men and with strong patriarchal ideas. The author An Ning's interpretation is based on the perspective of current women, especially working women, to reposition and analyze the love between men and women and the relationship between the sexes. Therefore, this is a work that uses the "male version of Liaozhai" to "interpret the female version", or in other words, it is a work that "writes Liaozhai for men and interprets the demon fox for women." The 50 Liaozhai women interpreted in this book are not only female foxes, but also flower demons and ghosts, but they all have a trait that can be summarized by "fox nature". Therefore, the "fox" in "Liao Zhai 50 Foxes" refers to those women who are enchanting, independent, free to come and go freely, and dare to love and hate with "fox nature".

"The Code of the Dream of Red Mansions" systematically unlocks the text code carefully constructed by the genius writer for the first time, recreating the great drama of the fall of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Qing Dynasty when the country was destroyed and the family was destroyed hidden behind the text! With a rigorous scholarly attitude, the author systematically explores the historical prototypes of many characters, and points out that the twelve golden hairpins in the book are not the rich ladies of your house, but the influential figures of that era. Among them, Wang Xifeng alludes to Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, who is the first protagonist in "A Dream of Red Mansions". A series of bloody regime changes were staged, and historical figures appeared one after another. Through detailed and sufficient historical materials and interlocking textual research analysis, the author excavated and restored the forgotten stories of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, especially the Southern Ming Dynasty. "The Code of the Dream of Red Mansions" is a major breakthrough in hidden books, a comprehensive subversion of previous Red Studies, and creates an epoch-making path to Red Studies.

This book is divided into four parts, the first part is "On Writers", the second part is "On Works", the third part is "Comments" and the fourth part is "Theory". There are ten articles in each collection, totaling 40 articles with more than 400,000 words. This is a book in which literary teachers and friends use literary techniques to comment on Zhu Xiangqian. The book collects about 300,000 words of articles written by Zhu Xiangqian's teachers, friends and students in the past twenty years. They include comments, criticisms, side notes and impressions. They are in many categories and are interesting and easy to read.

"Renjian Ci Hua" was first published in "Journal of Chinese Culture" and was deleted by Wang Guowei himself. There are 64 articles in total, which can be divided into two parts: Parts 1 to 9 are the general introduction, which highlights a program of Wang Guowei's theory of Ci, which is the "realm theory". Chapters 10 to 64 are specific criticisms, based on the "realm theory" as a theoretical basis, integrating Chinese and Western literary and aesthetic ideas, and specifically commenting on many famous poets from Li Bai to the Song Dynasty. This is the main text of "Human Words". The 49 pieces deleted by Wang Guowei were later reorganized and published, called "Deleted Manuscripts of Human Words". In addition, some excerpts from Wang Guowei's writings other than "Ren Jian Ci Hua" were excerpted into "Ren Jian Ci Hua Appendix", a total of 29 items. This book is an annotation and analysis of "Human Words", and includes a total of 113 articles including the main text and deleted manuscripts.

"50 Years of Chinese Military Literature" took 7 years to compile and revised several drafts. It took the 50-year development process of military literature from 1949 to 1999 in New China as the object of investigation. With a length of 620,000 words, it comprehensively combed the history of military literature for half a century, profoundly summarized several important theoretical issues in the development process of military literature, and used systematic theoretical norms and grand ideas. The academic vision includes the creation of different literary genres such as short stories, novellas, novels, poetry, essays, reportage, theoretical criticism, drama, film, TV series, etc., Into the scope of research. With objective critical character and keen aesthetic perspective, writers and works that have had a significant social impact and works of writers with unique artistic characteristics but have been ignored for a long time are included in the scope of research.

Dao Baifeng and "Meng Gu" who meet their lovers in "Arabian Nights"; Xiang Wentian who borrows d'Artagnan's "living shield"; the old woman Ullija and Li Mochou who sing in the fire; the "Three Dukes" of Dali and "The Case of Di"; "The Two Heroes of Piano and Sword" and " "Jing Rong's Two Heroes"... This book selects from a large number of Chinese and foreign famous works, looking for examples from ancient and modern Chinese and foreign works that Jin Yong's works have borrowed and absorbed, revealing the source of Jin Yong's novel materials, and presenting them in vivid and interesting articles.

The author of this book carefully selects the best poems from the Song Dynasty, and starts with the wording and allusions in the poems, and quotes from other sources. He also combines the poet's life experience to explain the artistic conception of the poems, and appreciates and interprets the image, character, connotation and sentiment of ancient Chinese poems. They are either bold, elegant, or resentful, with a wide range of materials, heroic aspirations, singing flowers and moonlight, and social customs.

This collection of literary criticism contains more than 40 articles. It not only provides an objective description of the current situation of literary changes and macro predictions of prospects after being involved in the market, but also closely tracks the works of writers and explores new critical directions.

The creation of novels with historical themes constituted the most conspicuous landscape in the journey of Chinese literature in the 20th century, and the creation of historical novels has achieved remarkable creative achievements, highlighting the arrival of a heyday in the creation of historical novels in the history of Chinese literature. The extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture and historical memory have become the richest cultural heritage and writing resources for contemporary writers. The tremendous artistic aesthetic creativity reflected in the creation of historical novel writers, as well as the reception effect and sequelae of historical texts, etc., All provide literary research with a variety of options for discourse criticism and the possibility of conducting multi-dimensional aesthetic research.

This book is the author's theoretical news monograph. It not only covers how to persist in the reform and innovation of the newspaper industry, how to develop newspapers in an all-round way, but also how to improve the level of news gathering and writing, and create various forms.

This book contains more than 40 literary reviews, including "Life Consciousness in Contemporary Novels", "Social Image and Typical Spirit", "Poems Are Enchanting and Interesting".

The charming philosophy of the goddess of literature and art Woolf is: The way for smart women to be independent begins with owning a room of their own - an independent and free soul is the source of happiness. Being yourself is more important than anything else. This book originated from Woolf's lecture at Cambridge University. Once it was published, it became popular all over the world and moved millions of readers. It was hailed as "a spiritual book that inspires women's spiritual awakening." "It stung me, made me cry, and tremble. I was so deeply moved that I wanted to read as slowly and slowly as possible. I would read a paragraph back and forth three or four times before moving on to the next paragraph." - American writer Paul Auster

This book is divided into: macroscopic reflection; analysis of the "Yam Egg School"; analysis of the "Jin Army"; analysis of the "Jin Army Queen"; a snapshot of the academy; and a postscript. The main content includes: from the "Yam Egg School" to the "Jin Army Queen" - a re-examination of the three climaxes of novel creation in Shanxi, and a discussion of the spiritual evolution of Shanxi writers' group changes, etc.

In recent years, academic interest in the sociology of childhood has grown, and this book aims to introduce the main developments in this field of research. Based on contemporary sociological and anthropological research, this book establishes the connection between childhood studies and sociological theory, presents its historical, political and cultural dimensions, and reveals the socially constructed characteristics of childhood through in-depth analysis of its social structural characteristics and its daily life context. The book is organized not according to traditional categories of home, school, and play, but around the subjects of space, time, culture, body, and work. In this way, this book analyzes the differences in new research methods in childhood studies in recent years, thereby providing valuable implications for the field of childhood studies.

The book is divided into four volumes: "Lines and Surfaces" collects the author's speeches on important phenomena and major issues in military literature in recent years, mainly novels; "Questions and Answers" are interviews between the author and his students about military literature; "People and Books" contains articles describing the names of many mentors and friends in the military. "Preface and Postscript" contains various prefaces and postscripts.

In the context of a linear time, Fan Xiaoqing opens two worlds with moderate intensity: one is philosophy and the other is reality. The theme of the minimalist story: I lost my brother, and I went to find him again. In the narrative of the story, the mentally retarded younger brother is like a tornado, sucking all the characters into it. The rich and complex plot, the repetitive entanglements, and the endless interrogations of delirium make the story's confusing path feel salty and mild. The unique way of starting with the light of fireflies and ending with ruins and ashes shows the writer's outstanding artistic skills.

The Nobel Prize in Literature, with its great spirit of human idealism, provides an eternal standard for world literature. It includes poetry, novels, prose, drama, philosophy, history and other different genres. Masterpieces of different styles are full of brilliance and unique characteristics, comprehensively showing the overall situation of world literature in the 20th century. One after another, splendid masterpieces, magnificent views, and hundreds of rivers return to the sea, are all gathered in this collection of works by Nobel Prize winners. Brand-new translations, real award-winning inside stories, and detailed and vivid introductions of writers and works not only show the creative trajectory of the writer, the style and characteristics of the works, but also reveal the inherent laws of literature. With a wide range of themes and different techniques, people can not only enjoy the charm of art, but also gain varying degrees of enlightenment in various ideological realms, thereby understanding the true meaning of life.

"I Read 5" uses the most concise and straightforward way to present the core of a book to readers from multiple perspectives from the author, writing background, content, etc. The selected themes range from a wide range of topics, such as "Freedom", "The Great River", "Searching for Home", "Searching for China", "Tolerance and Freedom", "The Disappearance of Yanjing", "Seclusion in the Hotel", "The Age of Unsecured Privacy"... There is a short story behind each book, which is full of fun to read.

Reading the "Four Books" first, and then reading the classics and history, is a compulsory outline for emperors throughout the ages. "The Direct Interpretation of the Four Books" is a palace reading book tailor-made for Emperor Wanli by Zhang Juzheng, the imperial advisor of the two dynasties of the Ming Dynasty and the first assistant (prime minister) of Wanli, and the lecturer of the Hanlin Academy. Emperor Wanli was only ten years old when he came to the throne, and his speeches were written in the vernacular of the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Juzheng used the "Four Books" to educate the emperor and wanted Emperor Wanli to be an enlightened monarch like Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

This book is a collection of the academic conference proceedings of the "Lao She and Urban Culture Summit Forum" hosted by the China Lao She Research Association and the Urban Culture Research Center of Shanghai Normal University in October 2011. This conference brought together well-known scholars in the field of Lao She research such as Guan Jixin, Wu Xiaomei, Shu Yi, Shu Ji, and Yang Jianlong. They discussed the close relationship between Lao She and cities such as Beijing, Qingdao, Jinan, Dali, etc., Expanded the horizons of Lao She research, and promoted the development of Lao She research. The selected papers in this book conduct in-depth research on the relationship between Lao She and urban culture from different angles, clarify the presentation and characteristics of different urban cultures in Lao She's works, have high academic value, broaden the horizons and methods of Lao She's research, and serve as a certain example for the study of modern and contemporary Chinese literature.

In recent years, "Xiao Hong and Lu Xun" has become an ambiguous and meaningful topic. We talked about it for a while around the 70th anniversary of Mr. Lu Xun's death in 2006; now, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Xiao Hong's birth, this topic has become lively again. Regardless of the print media or the Internet, people continue to write frivolous articles asking "What is the relationship between Lu Xun and Xiao Hong?" Most of the commentators are based on the level of the relationship between men and women, either based on assumptions, imagination, or intuition, and the result of their efforts is to conclude that there must be a love affair between Xiao Hong and Lu Xun, two modern writers of different generations.

Solomon's "Song of Songs" can be said to be one of the oldest collections of love poems in the world. It was written by King Solomon of Israel who ascended the throne in 960 BC. Throughout the ages, literati from all over the world have made many beautiful interpretations of "Song of Songs" and left many popular chapters. But is the Song of Songs really just about the love between Solomon and the Shulammite?

The introduction to Tang Nuo's mystery novels has now become a whispered legend among some mystery fans, almost like a rare bird specimen, or a top-notch cellared wine of a certain vintage, or something like a fantasy. The text jumps gracefully like a samba step between classical humanistic education, city maps, poetic appreciation pedigrees, and a huge maze-like modern crime scene where "all deaths shuttle between incomparable magnificence and incomparable danger and cruelty." Bullock's characters like Matthew Scudder, a private detective, and Bernie Rodenbart, a natural-born thief, who are like his best friends, use their cold and sarcastic human images to face the injustice of modern cities that have lost sympathy and understanding. "A lonely man fights against a huge world of injustice."

The humble gentleman with extraordinary talent talks about poetry, wine and romance; the eternal beauty with either talent or appearance talks about love and age. "There are bandits and gentlemen who are like discussing with each other and polishing like polishing" - The long river of history has rolled away, and many heroes have been lost in the dust. Only the waves in the wrists and the pearls in the pens of those talented people still illuminate the hearts of future generations. "There are beauties in the north, peerless and independent" - travel through thousands of years, taste the spirit and wisdom that are unparalleled from the world, learn from them the true meaning of life that we have always seemed to understand, and explore the romantic legends of legendary women. "In ancient times, all the sages were lonely, and only the drinkers left their names." - Following the aroma of wine in ancient poems, we can peek into the lives of literati and poets entangled with wine. Recite the most beautiful poems, drink the strongest wine, read the world with drunken eyes, and enjoy life to the fullest.

The greatest mission of mankind is to make wings, and the greatest success is to fly. When you read a book and accept a person's opinions, you can immediately expel that person's thoughts in that book and never build a wall around yourself with other people's thoughts.

Mr. Chen Xiaoming, the editor-in-chief of "Mo Yan Studies (2004-2012)", is a leading figure in the study of Western literary theory, especially modernist literature, in my country. He is at the commanding heights of academics and has a high position to select the most in-depth research results at home and abroad in one volume, showing the solid power and brilliance of Mo Yan's works. As he said frankly in the "Preface": "The selection of articles in "A Study of Mo Yan (2004-2012)" starts in 2004, and the lower limit ends when Mo Yan wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. After winning the award, the critical evaluation of Mo Yan will be different, and the lower limit of "A Study of Mo Yan (2004-2012)" is precisely to avoid intentional or unintentional hindsight."

Stendhal's classic drama course, interpretation of Shakespeare's plays and Racine's tragedies. Understanding Racine and Shakespeare is the cornerstone of understanding European literature. Wang Daoqian's classic translation is highly praised by Wang Xiaobo and has been published again after being out of print for many years. "Racine and Shakespeare" is a collection of two pamphlets published in 1823 and 1825 on the polemic against academic classicism. It is an important theoretical work of Stendhal and one of the French realist documents. As representatives of romanticism and classicism respectively, Shakespeare and Racine symbolized the opposition between the aesthetic views of the rising bourgeoisie and the old art of the feudal aristocracy in the rising period. What Stendhal proposed in this work was the artistic principle of realism, which paved the way for the development of realist literature in France in the nineteenth century. This book also includes Stendhal's "A Traveler's Notes" (selected), the introduction to "History of Italian Painting", the preface to "Armans", and the preface to Stendhal's unfinished novel "Lucien Levan", etc.

Ancient Chinese classic poetry is not only the essence of China's excellent traditional culture and literary and artistic masterpieces, but also the artistic crystallization of the wisdom created by people of all ethnic groups in China in the process of life practice, emotional exchange, and ideological expression. It has also become a wonder in the treasure house of human culture and art, producing extensive, profound and lasting influence in the world. Learning, inheriting, and promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture are the historical responsibilities and missions entrusted to us by the times. Reading and appreciating these poems are important ways of cultural inheritance, literary aesthetics, law analysis, quality cultivation, including the cultivation of innovative abilities. Bai Juyi's "Nine Books of the Yuan Dynasty" says: "A poet has roots, emotions, Miao language, Hua Sheng, and real meaning." Writers use various creative elements and different artistic expression techniques to create works with different styles and profound connotations. Ancient Chinese classic poetry embodies distinct characteristics of the Chinese nation in terms of temperament, language, form, connotation, imagery, artistic conception and realm.

"Ren Jian Ci Hua (Complete Collection of Manuscripts)" is a work of literary criticism written by the famous Chinese studies master Wang Guowei. After accepting the baptism of Western aesthetic thought, he commented on old Chinese literature with a new perspective. On the surface, there is no significant difference in the style and format of "Huan Jian Ci Hua" from Chinese poems and poems that have been copied for a long time. In fact, it has begun to form a theoretical system and can be regarded as one of the few works in ancient poetry treatises. Even in the field of ci theory in the past, many people regarded it as a guideline and used its arguments as the basis for ci studies and aesthetics, which had a far-reaching influence. Wang Guowei's "Human Words" is one of the most influential works since the late Qing Dynasty.

This book is a collection of interviews with pioneer poet Yang Li in recent years, including eleven interview articles including prefaces. Most of the interviewees in the book were his friends. They talked with Yang Li about literature, language, writing, life and other topics from a unique and even personal perspective.

This book adopts the method of classification and arrangement to systematically introduce the works of famous writers from various periods and countries, allowing you to understand more than a hundred famous works in one book and feel a spiritual shock across eras and regions. The collection of classics in the book covers six major categories: literature, philosophy, natural science, social science, history, and religion. It is the most complete collection of classics on the market so far. No matter you are a teenager, young man, middle-aged or old; no matter you are studying, working or starting a business. You can benefit from the works of these great men, broaden your horizons, improve your own literacy, absorb spiritual wisdom, and enjoy a pleasant journey of famous books!

This manuscript is one of the "Collected Works of Li Xifan" (seven volumes), which includes 41 commentaries by the author on the four major classical masterpieces - "Water Margin", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Journey to the West", "Dream of Red Mansions", etc. It provides a new perspective and way for readers to understand and understand the four major Chinese classical masterpieces. The whole book has abundant historical and literary value, rigorous argumentation, pertinent viewpoints, and rich and generous style.

Based on the sixty-year development history of contemporary Chinese literature, this book refines the concept of "typical figures in the literary world" and introduces Engels's "typical figures in typical environments" as a literary historical perspective into the history of contemporary literature. The selection of objects is based on the premise that they must be typical and representative of the time and place.

"Life is Like a Dream: The Past and Present of the Dream of Red Mansions" is the essence of the study of "Dream of Red Mansions". It includes classic works on the study of "Dream of Red Mansions" by Wang Guowei, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Cai Yuanpei and others. There are many schools of Red Studies research, including the "Suoyin School", "New Red Studies", "Commentary School", etc. The author has systematically and comprehensively analyzed and introduced "Dream of Red Mansions" from many aspects.

"The Birth of the Gangster World" is a critical study of Jin Yong's works, and it is also an in-depth interpretation of Chinese traditional culture. "The Birth of the Rogue World" summarizes the world of Jin Yong's works into four worlds: through the world of official history, the world of unofficial history; through the world of unofficial history, the world of Buddhism and Zen; and through the first three worlds, the world of rogues. The book "The Birth of the Gangster World" believes that "The Deer and the Cauldron" and its protagonist Wei Xiaobao are Jin Yong's major contributions to Chinese culture in his reflection and creation. It profoundly reveals the inevitable trend of Chinese traditional culture. "The Birth of the Rogue World" also puts forward some other concepts, such as "Jianghu Utopia", "Grudge\u002F Killing Mode", etc., Which well supports the logical rigor between the four worlds.

This work includes film reviews, music reviews, current reviews and book reviews. I hope that the "Ten Life Reviews" I wrote can be regarded as a practice of cultural studies. Matthew Guo's "History of Western Literary Theory" introduces the origin of "cultural studies" and analyzes the cultural background of "cultural studies" and points out: "At that time, the British elitist culture and literary criticism tradition (represented by Leavisism) was impacted by the new popular culture, and a new stance was needed to look at the elitism that had been excluded in the past. Popular culture phenomenon, pay attention to the power contained in popular culture, and analyze its complex structure and ecology." In fact, Leavis himself said from his elitist stance that "serious interest in literature should not be limited to the careful observation of the small relationships of 'words on paper', but should also include interest in people, society, and civilization."