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"Nana" was chosen by the entertainment theater manager, and her starring role in "Blonde Venus" was a success. Men from Paris's upper class fell under her skirt. She was successively supported by the banker Steine ​​and the queen's attendant Count Mifa. She became a popular socialite in Paris, eating up the money of the men who pursued her, making them bankrupt one by one. Some even died in hell. She eventually died of smallpox, just as the Second Empire was about to collapse in the Franco-Prussian War. The rise and fall of Nana's life became a portrayal of the corrupt and degenerate society of the Second Empire.

The protagonist Bayerle is a young doctor who is completely apolitical. He likes to cultivate tulips, and is trying to cultivate a large black tulip without any variegation, because the first person to cultivate a black tulip will receive a considerable bonus. Beierle's neighbor Boxdale also wanted to cultivate black tulips in order to get the bonus. He was very jealous of Bayerle, fearing that Bayerle would gain the upper hand first. He unscrupulously monitored Bayerle's actions and secretly destroyed the tulips he cultivated. Later, he falsely accused Bayerle of hiding letters that were detrimental to the Dutch governorship, causing him to be innocently imprisoned and almost guillotined. Baierle met and fell in love with the guard's daughter Rosa in prison, and finally got married. The book tells thrilling and tear-jerking stories around Black Tulip. The work mainly uses Byerle's experience to describe the fierce political struggle at that time. In order to seize power, the Prince of Orange did not hesitate to murder his adoptive father, and finally became King William III of England, which made people sigh. And the sentence at the end of the book, "Sometimes a person has suffered too much in his life, giving him the right to never say - I am too happy", even more makes the happy life that has gone through hardships cast a trace of sadness.

"Lily of the Valley" is one of Balzac's best novels and a shining pearl in the treasure house of French literature. The novel describes the young aristocrat Felix's pursuit of Countess Morserve. The countess's husband is violent and her family life lacks joy. His intervention caused her emotional turmoil. She endured the inner pain and remained faithful to her husband. Felix later went to Paris, unable to withstand the temptation of the noble lady Miss Dietrich, and fell in love. When the countess learned of this, she was devastated and regarded death as a gift from God. This is a sad and touching love song. In the story that happened in the castle, we can see the changing times. The influence of the Hundred Days Coup, the changes in the palace, the exile life of the old nobles, the fortune of the young nobles in Paris, etc., Are all deeply marked by the times.

In a five-story apartment in the Petersburg slums, Raskolnikov, a poor student, lived. He originally studied in the law department, but was forced to drop out because he could not afford the tuition fees. Now he relies on the money saved by his mother and sister from their tight living expenses to survive. He hasn't paid rent for a long time. Recently, the landlady not only stopped providing him with food, but also pressed for rent. At this time he met Marmeladov, a young civil servant. Marmeladov fell into a desperate situation due to unemployment, and his eldest daughter Sonia was forced to become a street prostitute. Raskolnikov did not want to be manipulated like Marmeladov, and he planned to use "experiments" to prove that he was an "extraordinary person." After Raskolnikov committed the murder, he was in a painful conflict and could not get rid of his inner fear. He felt that all his original good feelings were wiped out. This is a punishment of conscience that is more severe than legal punishment. He realized that his "experiment" had failed. So he came to Sonia with a painful heart. Inspired by Sonia's religious thoughts, he told her the truth and motives of the crime. Under Sonia's persuasion, he surrendered to the police. Raskolnikov was sentenced to eight years of hard labor and came to Siberia. Soon, Sonia also came there. One morning, the two met by the river. They were determined to believe in God, endure all suffering with repentance, and gain spiritual rebirth.

This book is the author's masterpiece, marking the peak of Hoffmann's creation and an excellent work of German Romanticism. The novel consists of two parts: a biography of Tomcat Moore and a biography of bandleader Kreisler. Starting from the needs of satire, Moore's biography imitates the so-called development novels about the protagonist's growth process such as Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister", and uses a self-narrative mode to describe the growth experience of a well-educated tomcat who likes to dance and write. The biography of Kreisler records a rough life path of a talented artist, whose life path has the shadow of the author himself. Judging from the title of the novel, the former is the main body of the work. In fact, the latter is the core of the novel. The form is loose, but the theme is consistent. They both deal with the relationship between artists and society.

The washerwoman Qilvis gave birth to two sons by the shoemaker Lantier when she was a minor. He was later abandoned and married to Coupeau, a house builder. After Coupeau suffered a work injury, he went in and out of the small hotel all day long. Soon, Kirvis began to drink too much and fell into depression. In the end, Coupeau died of a stroke in the lunatic asylum after drinking, and Kirvis also died in the black hole at the bottom of the stairs.

"Thérèse Lacan" is a novel by Zola. It describes a woman, Thérèse, who meets and has a passionate collision with a young man, Laurent, after marrying her aunt's son, Camille. Thérèse had affairs with her lover again and again, and because she could not get married, she murdered her frail, dull husband Camille. In order to escape the horrific hallucinations after the murder, the man and woman finally chose to commit suicide by taking poison.

Zweig's works are good at meticulous character characterization and description of personal experiences and souls under strange fate. He is especially good at insight into women's inner activities in the torment of passion. This book contains more than twenty famous short stories, such as "The Story of a Woman's Enforcement", "The Invisible Collection", "The Death of a Heart", etc.

"The Abbey of Parma" is another important novel by Stendhal. The protagonist Fabrizio won the love of his aunt since he was a child, and after growing up to be a handsome young man, he won the favor of many women; he returned to Parma from the Waterloo battlefield, and after becoming the vice-bishop, he met a heroine, accidentally killed the heroine's lover, and was forced to flee to Bologna. When he was bored, he met the female singer Fausta, and staged a farce-style affair...

Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870), a famous French popular historical novelist. "Twenty Years Later" is one of his major works. Twenty years have passed since the story told in "The Three Musketeers". Although the first two of Dartagnan, Porthos, Athos and Aramis worked for Prime Minister Mazarin during the Fronde movement in Paris, and the latter two sided with the Fronde, and the two sides could not cooperate, they were still as loyal to friendship and closely united as before. They jointly rescued King Charles I at the critical moment, and then defeated Mazarin's conspiracy. The plots are interlocking, with ups and downs, tension and twists. At the same time, through a series of dangerous encounters, the characters of the old musketeers have become increasingly distinctive in the writer's writing.

Through the love story of Litvinov and Irina, "Smoke" shows some complex phenomena in Russian social life after the reform of the serfdom system, criticizes the decadent reaction of the tsarist rule, reveals pessimism, compares social and political movements to a puff of smoke, and believes that in the end it is just a void.

"The Temptation of Saint Anthony" is a novel with a dramatic form, narrating the legendary story of the medieval hermit Saint Anthony who was tempted by the devil.

The Ministry of Education has promulgated the latest "Chinese Curriculum Standards", collectively referred to as the new curriculum standards, which specifies reading books for Chinese teaching in primary and secondary schools, and puts forward clear requirements for the quantity, content, quality and speed of reading. This is of great significance for improving students' reading ability, cultivating Chinese literacy, cultivating sentiments, promoting students' lifelong learning and lifelong sustainable development, and improving the literary literacy of the general public.

Charles Dickens, the author of "David Copperfield", was a great British realist writer in the 19th century. "David Copperfield" is his masterpiece. When the protagonist David Copperfield was not born, his father died and he grew up under the care of his mother and maid Peggotty. When he was 9 years old, his mother remarried, and his stepfather abused him and his mother in every possible way. His mother died soon after. David Copperfield was orphaned and sent to London to work as a child laborer. From then on, he lived a lonely and helpless life without enough food and clothing. He went through many hardships, but fortunately, the desperate David Copperfield finally found his great-aunt. His eccentric but kind-hearted aunt Miss Bessie took him in and sent him to school. From then on, he started a new life. Copperfield was not only kind, but also had a clear distinction between love and hate. He fell in love with Dora, the daughter of Spenlow's lawyer, and married her. After Dora became seriously ill and passed away, David traveled abroad to relax in grief. After going through hardships, he finally became a successful writer and found his true love, Agnes. They lived happily with his aunt Bessie and the maid Peggotty.

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"Gone with the Wind" is a work that American female writer Margaret Mitchell (1900-1949) worked on for ten years. It can be regarded as a classic love masterpiece. The novel is set against the backdrop of the American Civil War. The main line of the novel is the love-hate relationship between the strong and willful manor lady Scarlett and several men. Along with it are major changes in society and history, and the disappearance of everything familiar in the past... "Gone with the Wind" is not only a swan song of human love, but also a grand historical picture that reflects the huge and profound changes in many aspects of social politics, economy, and morality.

The "extraordinary periods" described in the novel include the First World War, the February and October revolutions, the civil war, the struggle against sabotage, banditry and petty bourgeoisie, the fight back against party opposition, and the industrialization stage of the country. These events formed the characters and psychology of the protagonists in the book, and also had a significant impact on the fate of these people who were forming new social relationships.

Charlotte Bronte, the author of "Jane Eyre", grew up in a family with financial difficulties and many disasters. She lived in a remote rural area far away from the hustle and bustle of the world. She lived in an era when the British Industrial Revolution was gaining momentum, the country was transitioning from an agricultural country to an industrial country, and the emerging bourgeoisie was growing stronger. All these have left a visible mark on her novel creation.

This translation is adapted from the first novel "Adam Bede" by George Eliot, a famous British female writer in the 19th century. The translator tried to adopt a literal translation method during the translation process, striving to reflect the cultural information of the original book, while also trying to consider the acceptability of Chinese readers.

The protagonist "I" in the book is an underappreciated writer in London. He met a stockbroker by chance. When he reached middle age, he suddenly responded to the call of his heart and rebelled against everything. He first went to Paris, and then to Tahiti in the South Pacific to live with the indigenous people. He devoted himself to painting and became famous after his death. After he became famous, "I" began to trace his past interactions with the artist and his subsequent life experiences. The artist's story is based on the life of Gauguin, a French post-Impressionist painter who lived in extreme poverty and was prepared to die in glory.

The Great Gatsby - a Fitzgerald classic highly recommended by Hemingway, Haruki Murakami, and Salinger; it ranked second among the top 100 English-language novels in the world in the 20th century and was a popular Hollywood movie of the same name.

Yu Hua read "The Count of Monte Cristo" like crazy without eating, drinking or sleeping! All human wisdom lies in it! The complete version without deleting a word! So pretty! Many readers have read it 8 times! You will be addicted after reading one page! Classic translation by French translator Zhou Kexi! Marquez said that if he could only recommend one novel, he would recommend "The Count of Monte Cristo"! In the history of human literature, "The Count of Monte Cristo" can truly be called a great life-changing novel. It has brought hope that cannot be weakened by any setbacks to people who have been insulted and damaged for thousands of years. "All human wisdom is contained in these five words: wait and hope!" When the young sailor Edmond Dantes got married to his lover, he was framed and arrested and imprisoned in the Ile Ifes prison for 14 years. He later successfully escaped and discovered the huge treasure hidden in Monte Cristo. Afterwards, Dantes changed his name to Count of Monte Cristo and embarked on the road of revenge.

The number one youth book, known as "the soul philosophy poem of young people". The first critical realist masterpiece, becoming a symbol of the birth of critical realist literature! Hemingway's list of must-reads in a lifetime; Maugham's true masterpiece. In the history of human literature, "Red and Black" describes the conflicting inner feelings of every young person in society when pursuing personal ideals and social values. It is known as the "philosophical poem of the soul of young people" and becomes the first critical realism masterpiece! The "young careerist" Julien portrayed in "The Red and the Black" is a highly typical and extremely charming character, and he can make many young people find resonance with him. The number of Western works on the study of Stendhal (especially "The Red and the Black") is comparable to the number of "Red Studies" in China on "Dream of Red Mansions".

Dedicated to every young man who never compromises! A must-select translation of domestic portraits, the well-known translator Huang Yisi has newly revised 606 parts of the text. Oxford University Press introductory edition (with an introductory page of a comprehensive analysis of Joyce by an Oxford University professor). Selected into the Top 3 of Random House's "100 Novels of the 20th Century". The pioneering work of stream-of-consciousness novels, it is a century classic praised by Yeats, Woolf, Beckett and other masters. Prequel to "Ulysses". Stephen, a young artist born in Dublin, has been sensitive and thoughtful since he was a child. In his childhood, he was ignorant, but he actively studied but was beaten; in his youth, he was impulsive and enthusiastic, but he strayed into the path of desire; in his youth, he finally became mature and rational, but in the end he chose to live in exile. He said: "Ah, life! I am ready to come into contact with the reality of experience for the millionth time."

Nobel and Pulitzer winner Hemingway's largest masterpiece of fiction, it describes the Spanish Civil War in 1937 with the theme of Americans' participation in the Spanish People's Anti-Fascist War. The story tells the story of Robert Jordan, an American young man who teaches Spanish in college and has deep feelings for Spain. He volunteered to join the government forces of the Second Spanish Republic and carried out demolition activities behind enemy lines. In order to cooperate with the counterattack, he was ordered to contact local guerrillas to complete the task of blowing up the bridge. He won the support of Pilar, the wife of Pablo, the guerrilla captain, and other team members, encouraged Pablo, who had lost his fighting spirit, and arranged everyone's specific tasks step by step. In the midst of the raging war, he fell in love with Maria, a little girl taken in by Pilar who had been raped by the enemy, thus smoothing out the trauma in Maria's soul. During these three days, Robert experienced the conflict between love and duty and the test of life and death, and his humanity continued to sublimate. When he was retreating after blowing up the bridge, he was injured in the thigh by the enemy. He stayed alone to carry out an epic blockade against the enemy, and finally gave his young life for the Spanish people.

"John Christophe" is divided into two volumes: The first volume of "John Christophe" describes John Christophe's boyhood and youth: as a boy, Christophe has been living in the small world of his family and hometown-until he passed a test. The young man got enlightenment from the test, constantly brandishing Don Quixote's spear, and went on a rampage to conquer the lies of society and art at that time, attacking mule drivers, clerks, wind wheels of mills, and festivals in Germany and France. He bravely walked out of the small world of his hometown and pursued his dreams on a larger stage. The passion and hatred in the second volume contrast with the first volume. It is a gentle and quiet atmosphere, singing the elegies of friendship and pure love. After the calm, there will be a big crisis in life. This storm will destroy almost everything, but the result will still be a clear and lofty state, revealing the dawn of another world.

What if no Nobel Prize is awarded this year? The Nobel Prize has been awarded for a hundred years, and 90% of it is ordinary. It can only last three years, and you can't remember your name in the blink of an eye. I remember only a few "big writers": Marquez, Saramago, Alice Munro, Toni Morrison, V. S. Naipaul, and Kawabata Yasunari. These masterpieces of Nobel Prize-winning masters spanning hundreds of years are enough to be passed down to the next hundred years! The reason why a classic becomes a classic is that every time you re-read it, you will be as shocked as when you first read it. Even if you read it for the first time, you will feel as friendly as meeting an old friend. This collection includes a total of 6 representative works by Nobel Prize winners: "One Hundred Years of Solitude", "Blindness", "The Bluest Eye", "Escape", "Miguel Street" and "Tokyo Man".

Vice Chairman of the International Literary Congress, Turgenev's most influential and famous work among the "Three Giants of Russian Literature". "Hunter's Notes" takes an aristocratic hunter's hunting trip through the countryside as a clue, depicts the beautiful Russian scenery and rural customs, and depicts many characters such as landlords, housekeepers, mill wives, town doctors, aristocratic intellectuals, serfs, farm children, etc. In the eyes of the hunter, there are beautiful Russian countryside scenery, hospitable farmers drinking kvass, a huge and amazing horse market, a beautiful country girl betrayed by her lover, a lover who is in love but destined to be separated forever, and a timid farmer with the sound of nature. , An upright and even stubborn landowner, a college student who struggled to pursue his ideals and eventually died of a serious illness; of course, the most important thing is to wait until dusk when the forest disappears, take the prey with him, have a glass of kvass, and look forward to a new hunting trip in the countryside tomorrow. And all this in the hunter's eyes constitutes the Russia he loves.

Sahara? This is not a place name, but a person's name! The secret in this girl's heart is as big and wide as the Sahara Desert. In the eyes of teachers and classmates, she is a stupid student who needs "special help". She is a "special Sahara". She does not do homework, does not open her mouth to read, and does not study. But in fact, Sahara loved reading and was crazy about writing. He even wrote a book of his own and secretly hid it in the library, hoping that one day someone would see his work. Sahara thought that her "real self" was only known to her best friend Rachel, until a "weird" Miss Purdy became her new teacher. A new life unfolded in front of Sahara, and a wonderful journey began...

The first female writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. "Niels' Travels on the Goose" is an outstanding coming-of-age novel and knowledge book. In the book, Niels, a naughty kid who doesn't like studying and likes to play tricks on an elf, is cast into a thumb-sized little man by a spell because he played tricks on an elf. It's spring, and Morton, the niles' gander, is flying north with the geese. In order to protect his geese, Niels hurriedly rode on Morton's back and began a long journey from north to south across the entire territory of Sweden. Through this wonderful trip, Niels broadened his horizons, experienced various difficulties and dangers, and became a brave, witty, helpful, and good boy loved by animals. Finally, he returned to his original form as he wished and returned to his parents.

"Gitanjali" is the work by Rabindranath Tagore that won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. "Gitanjali" is the transliteration of the Bengali word "song". "Gitanjali" is bilingual in Chinese and English, translated by the famous Bing Xin, with exquisite illustrations, beautiful artistic conception and meaningful writing. Tagore sang about the prosperity of life, the joy and sorrow of real life in a light and cheerful style, expressing his yearning for the ideal kingdom and his care and thinking about life.

"Around the World in Eighty Days" is one of the most popular works by French science fiction writer Jules Verne. The protagonist Ford made a bet with his friends that he would travel around the world and return to London in 80 days. He and his servant Passepartout tried every possible means to overcome all the difficulties on the road, but they were still five minutes late when they arrived in London. He considered himself a failure, but unexpectedly won.

"Confessions" is a unique, original and unparalleled work. In the book, Rousseau describes his life experience of more than 50 years from his birth to his departure from St. Pierre Island in 1766 with amazing honesty, frankness and deep introspection. He tells all his thoughts and feelings, and analyzes his behavior and inner world. The advent of the novel opened up the path of romantic literature and profoundly influenced the development of European thought and literature in the 19th century.

"La Traviata" has created some vivid and distinctive artistic images for us, and the most prominent and unforgettable among them is naturally the heroine Margaret. Readers must not confuse Margaret with Miss Alphonsina Plessy. Although Alphonsina's life experience is worthy of sympathy, she is indeed a fallen woman. In the words of Dumas, she is "both a pure and flawless virgin and a complete whore."

"Anna Karenina" is a rare treasure in Russian literature and a dazzling pearl in the world's art treasure house. There are two parallel clues in the novel. At that time, some people said that it had no "architectural skills", while others said that it was "two novels". The author politely rejects these criticisms. He said that the beauty of the structure of the book lies in the seamless connection of the arches and the "intrinsic connection" between the two clues.

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He exposed the cruelty of serf owners and the miserable life of serfs, and was therefore exiled. While in prison, he wrote the short story "Mumu" to protest against serfdom. In every notebook story, in addition to the image of the "hunter", another feature is the description of nature. Regardless of the colors, sounds and smells, they all show the writer's keen insight, hearing and delicate sensibility. No wonder Tolstoy asserted that no writer after Turgenev dared to describe natural scenery.

"Anne of Green Gables" is the sweetest novel describing children's life. It is also a spiritual book that parents, teachers and children can gain insights from. Canadian female writer Montgomery uses fresh, smooth, vivid and humorous writing to tell the story of the innocent, kind-hearted and life-loving heroine Little Anne, who lost her parents at an early age and was adopted at the age of twelve. However, she has a distinctive personality, is full of fantasy, and has self-respect and self-reliance. With her hard work, she is not only loved by her adopters, but also wins the respect and friendship of her teachers and classmates.

Jane Eyre is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte, a famous British female writer in the 19th century. It is generally believed that "Jane Eyre" is a portrayal of Charlotte Bronte's "poetic life" and is an autobiographical work. Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Anne Bronte and Mrs. Browning constituted the perfect trinity of the highest honor for British women of that era.

The collection of three biographies, "The Biography of Beethoven", "The Biography of Michelangelo" and "The Biography of Tolstoy", written by Nobel Prize winner Romain Rolland, is a model work in the world of biographical literature. In his works, Romain Rolland focused on depicting the mental journey of three art masters who endured hardships and setbacks without changing their original intentions in the troubled life journey, highlighting their noble personality, fraternal emotions and broad mind, and composed a magnificent and shocking "heroic symphony" for people.

Ostrovsky's novel "How the Steel Was Tempered" is one of the most brilliant masterpieces in Soviet socialist literature and has become a classic in world literature. It was translated and introduced to China and has been popular for more than half a century. It is regarded as a life textbook, a road sign of life and a spiritual tonic, and has been passed down by generations of readers. "How Steel Was Tempered" (1933) is an excellent novel written by the author based on his own experience. The path taken by the protagonist Paul Korchagin reflects the fearless spirit of the first generation of Soviet revolutionary youths who were not afraid of difficulties, struggled hard, and had the courage to win, and inspired generations of aspiring young people to realize their ideals.

The story in the novel takes place on the eve of the American Civil War in 1861. Scarlett Hao, a girl living in the south, has been deeply influenced by southern cultural traditions since she was a child, but there is a wild and rebellious element flowing in her blood. As the war raged on and the living environment deteriorated, Scarlett Hao's rebellious personality became more and more full and distinct. In a series of setbacks, she transformed herself, changed the fate of herself and even the entire family, and became the image of a new woman created by the times.

The core of "Doctor Zhivago" is a history of the fate of intellectuals. The protagonist of the novel, Yuli Zhivago, experienced a series of complex and turbulent stages in the history of Russia and the Soviet Union in his short life of less than forty years. In the novel, the writer relies on an era of rapid changes and casts his thoughts on many issues into his fate. The novel is the reflection of the poet's sensitive soul on the living conditions of people in the changing era under new historical conditions.

This book selects several classic tragedies by William Shakespeare, the world-famous comedy master and British Renaissance playwright, including "Hamlet", "King Lear", "Macbeth", "Othello" and "Romeo and Juliet". It uses the translations of Zhu Shenghao, the authoritative translator of Shakespeare, and provides exquisite illustrations. It can be called a perfect combination of famous works, famous translations and famous paintings.

"War and Peace" describes the entire process of the Russo-French War in 1812. It uses the activities of the four aristocratic families at that time as clues to reflect many major historical events and the real life of all classes from 1805 to 1820. It criticizes those nobles who speak elegantly but ignore the fate of the motherland. It praises the patriotism and heroism displayed by the younger generation in the war. It is an epic masterpiece.

Shakespeare achieved great success in comedy. Optimism is the keynote of Shakespeare's comedies. His comedy contains the beautiful ideals of humanists and the prospect of a bright future for mankind. This book contains selected masterpieces of Shakespeare's comedies translated by Mr. Zhu Shenghao: "The Merchant of Venice", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "Twelfth Night", "Much Ado About Nothing" and "As You Like It".

"Childhood in the World, My University" is Gorky's famous autobiographical novel trilogy. It is a colorful historical picture painted by Gorky based on his own life path and the social life of Russia in the 1870s and 1880s. It is an outstanding artistic treasure. The protagonist Alyosha in the work is not only a portrayal of Gorky's early life, but also an artistic model of general significance for the Russian working people to move towards a new life after going through arduous and complicated tempering.

"Uncle Tom's Cabin", also translated as "The Record of a Black Slave" and "Uncle Tom's Cabin", focuses on depicting the tragic fate of Tom, a black slave who believed in Christianity and had a noble spirit of sacrifice, under an unequal social system, thereby revealing the sinful nature of the slavery system. Once the novel was published, it immediately aroused strong responses from all walks of life, promoted the anti-slavery sentiment of the American people to a certain extent, and thus became one of the factors leading to the outbreak of the American Civil War.