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Chinese culture, also known as Chinese culture and Chinese civilization, is the general term for the cultures of all ethnic groups in China. It is a national culture that reflects the national characteristics and style that was gathered together during the development of Chinese civilization. It is the overall expression of various physical culture, spiritual culture, behavioral culture and other aspects in the history of the Chinese nation. Chinese culture is a traditional and fine culture with distinctive national characteristics and profound connotations that was created by the Chinese nation and its ancestors living in China and inherited and developed by the Chinese nation from generation to generation. It has a long history, is widely spread, and has a huge influence in the world.

Emperor Qin, Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Zong of Tang and Song Ancestors, all these romantic heroes are "all gone". However, the merits and demerits and political wisdom they left to future generations have disappeared with the passage of time and the change of dynasties. On the contrary, it is with the passage of time and the change of dynasties that we are more impressed by the wisdom and strategies revealed by some of the incisive remarks of these emperors, generals and ministers. As the supreme ruler of a country, as the emperor, generals and ministers, they have the responsibility and obligation to maintain social order and maintain the stability of the country. The prerequisite for this is to have a deep understanding of the country under their rule and the current affairs at that time, which is related to the rise and fall of the country and the chaos of society. Therefore, their judgments on current affairs are often accurate and insightful.

This book introduces determinism and indeterminism, the premise of the role of historical individuals, the mechanism of the role of historical individuals, the mode of role of historical individuals, the motives and effects of personal historical activities, etc. This book is not large in length, but it touches on a big issue.

"Chinese Historical Research Methods" is another masterpiece after Liang's "New Historiography". It is based on the methods accumulated in traditional historiography, combined with the latest developments in Western historiography at that time, and compiled using new academic perspectives. With his broad academic vision, the author elaborates on the identification of historical materials, textual research of historical events, discussion of historical sites, and compilation of historical books, and constructs a unique historical theoretical system. The empirical remarks scattered throughout "Chinese History Research Methods" are quite friendly and interesting to beginners of history. It can be called an excellent reading book for cultivating interest in historical research.

This book is in response to Xi Jinping's call to remember the lessons of history. It is recommended by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection as the "First Book of the New Year in 2015" and is the latest recommendation by Wang Qishan! No. 1 On the "China News and Publishing News" outstanding best-seller list! The American Pulitzer Prize winner's classic classic condenses unique insights into historical lessons! This book is the representative work of the famous American scholar and "Pulitzer Prize" winner Will Durant and his wife Ariel Durant. "The Lessons of History" condenses the essence of the 11 volumes of "History of World Civilizations". Through succinct outlines, it outlines the relationship between history and all aspects of human life. It explains in detail the role played by geographical conditions, economic conditions, racial superiority and inferiority, human nature, religious activities, socialism, government, war, morality, laws of rise and decline, and biological evolution in history. It also summarizes the huge spiritual legacy that history has left to people. These spiritual heritages provide inspiration and warning to the Chinese people in the process of reform, allowing them to face the present and the future more wisely.

Regime changes and dynasty changes are common in Chinese history. However, some regimes can maintain long-term stability, while more dynasties or regimes are "fleeting", and the "kingdom" they have just won is lost again, which is very short-lived. Through the investigation of these dynasties and regimes of different lengths, this book puts forward the important concept of "bottleneck crisis" that deserves attention. Every dynasty in Chinese history has experienced similar scenes. "This allows us to discover a historical law, that is, any dynastic regime will reach a bottleneck period about forty or fifty years after its establishment, or when it passes to the second or third generation." "When entering the narrow channel of the bottleneck, unless the ruling class has a high degree of wisdom and ability, they cannot avoid encountering a bottleneck crisis that is enough to make all their previous efforts undo, that is, enough to destroy their country.

History cannot bear to be scrutinized. How can we take a closer look at history? When you look closely, it's like looking at a beauty with a high-power magnifying glass. The smoothness and roundness are completely gone. What you can see is interlaced scales, pores, and blemishes. Therefore, history to a large extent only focuses on the big picture, not to mention that it needs to be tabooed by respectable people, covered up by famous people, avoided by kings, and tabooed by current political affairs. Therefore, when reading history, one often reads something vague and flickering. That is of course an unspeakable secret for historians. But in fact, the reality of many details is often hidden in the ambiguity and flickering.

Sometimes history moves forward and sometimes it goes backwards, sometimes it goes up and sometimes it goes down. Only the details of the story and the narration of the blank spaces can truly reflect the original appearance of history. This book is full of such stories and narratives. Such as "When a cow reporter meets a strongman", "Chinese soldiers wearing turbans who look like Indian soldiers", "Those who understand the art of war and those who know how to fight", "Another expectation of drugs and gambling"... Are all stories omitted by the official history of major historical events, but it is these bits and pieces of stories that the official history despises that make you feel the reality of history, its blood and flesh, and take you to see another scene in the troubled world.

"The Voice of Panjiayuan Books" is written by Wang Zengyu. "The Voice of Panjiayuan Books" aims to show the true colors of all kinds of novels, with their shining titles, beautiful words and gorgeous coats. Specific contents include "Remembering Mr. Li Shu", "The Lessons of Selling Officials and Selling Officials in Ancient China", "The Truth About King Kang's Mission to Kaifeng and Rescue of Kaifeng", "The Green Revolution of the Song Dynasty", etc. This book can be used as a reference book by those engaged in related work.

Where did the original power of human society come from? Is it social relations, economics, military or ideology? Which of them played the most fundamental role? How were early regional organizations established and dominated by potential elites? Based on prehistoric archaeological materials from Denmark, Hawaii, and the Andes, the author of whom he has been working for a long time, Timothy Earle, discusses in detail how chiefs obtained power during the origin of early social power, and the possible impact of these different sources of power on corresponding social evolution strategies. This book is a powerful synthesis of theories and cases, providing an important reference for readers to understand the formation and maintenance mechanisms of power, the origin of states and other issues.

Rong Hong, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi, Ding Wenjiang, Fu Sinian, Yan Shutang, Chen Hansheng, Wen Yiduo, Zhang Shenfu, Qu Qiubai, Feng Yingzi, these twelve modern Chinese intellectuals are like stars in the historical galaxy. The lonely stars; their life experiences are connected in series from the Opium War, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement, the Revolution of 1911, the warlords' chaos, the Anti-Japanese War, the Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the vicissitudes of the century after 1949. Learning from barbarians and developing skills, Mr. De and Mr. Sai, the New Culture Movement, sorting out the national heritage, the debate between science and mystery, democracy and dictatorship, scholarship and political inquiry, the connection between tradition and modernity... Between the ups and downs of the Ming Dynasty and the Republic of China, what they show is the spiritual history of Chinese intellectuals for more than a hundred years since the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

Following "The Bad Temper of History", the second book "The Manuscript of History" was released. How the observations in the two books are different and special can be summarized in Zhang Ming's words as "out of time". In the preface of "The Manuscript of History", he stated the reason for being "out of time": in social life, a person with a little personality often feels suffocated. To break this suffocation, for me, it means making some inappropriate and bizarre remarks from time to time. In fact, it's not surprising, it's just common sense based on common sense and rational judgment. Zhang Ming's two books on recent China do not quote major events or topics, but only anecdotes about human nature and the world. In "Manuscripts of History", the author uses toothbrushes, braids, portraits of scholars' tongues, and prescriptions for the Boxer Rebellion as topics. At first glance, they are trivial things that cannot be included in the big book of history, but they can be pulled out by the author into not simple propositions.

From the "September 18th Incident" in 1931 to the end of World War II in 1945, Japan used the name of "national system" to shroud the entire Japanese empire, including its colonies, under the control of a strong national ideology. It was extremely fanatical about war, the emperor, and the country, and further deepened its Greater Asiaticism and jade-breaking ideas. By examining the seclusion and inferiority complex of the Japanese, the ideological process of intellectuals, the coercive power of the state, and the relationship between the state and the people, Shunsuke Tsurumi incisively analyzes how Japan transformed from a country that became prosperous, strong, free and open in spirit during the Meiji period to a conservative, narrow-minded and aggressive country with rampant fascism. He went on to explain why Japanese intellectuals failed in their struggle, introspection, and resistance to nationalism, and how they succumbed and "turned" after being oppressed and became "accomplices" of militarism. Finally, when the country launched a war, they propagandized and justified militarism and supranationalism, leading Japan to a path of destruction.

The first question encountered when studying warlords is: What are warlords? If interpreted literally, the word "valve" in warlord is a bit similar to the word "hegemon" we use in daily life, because no matter what role a person is, as long as they are suffixed with this obscure word "valve", they will become domineering. Warlords can be understood as lawless people who rely on force. If we still want to delve deeper into the political connotation of the word "warlord", then without much effort we will find two elements recognized by many pseudo-definitions of warlords. One is to rely exclusively on force, and the other is to segregate local areas. The English word "warlord" perfectly displays these two elements. (WAR refers to military and war, and LORD means land). Whether it is the definition of Western scholars as "anyone who dominates an area based on military strength" (Sheridan), or the authoritative domestic summary of "a military group that relies on self-respect, separatist forces, and forms its own faction" (Cihai), there is no exception.