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This book uses a wealth of archaeological discoveries, classical documents, historical pictures, maps and other materials to restore the late Middle Ages, a period of transformation of European society. Europe experienced many crises during this period. The Black Death caused a sharp decline in population and put agriculture into crisis; the financial market was turbulent; the Hundred Years War between Britain and France was turbulent; protest movements were prevalent... The crisis also spread to Central and Eastern Europe, and even the Byzantine Empire. At the same time, during this period, the state machinery was strengthened, the royal power became increasingly powerful, the military construction became professional, and trade expanded. Europe gradually emerged from the fog of the Middle Ages, and the seeds of the Renaissance and the Reformation began to sprout.

This book discusses how the discovery and conquest of the Americas by Europeans changed the face of the Americas, Europe, and even the world from a broad historical perspective. Panoramicly restores the European conquest and colonization of American Indians, as well as the collision, collision and genocide of civilizations in the process; restores the disintegration of the economic, social and cultural structures of Native Americans from a sociological perspective and rich historical details. It also fully explains the rise of Spain, the first global colonial empire. At the same time, it comprehensively reproduces the magnificence, fantasy and unsolved mysteries of the Mayan and other American civilizations with rich archaeological discoveries, classical documents, architecture and various authentic cultural relics, restored pictures and maps.

"Kingdoms and Dynasties in the Middle Ages" combs through the changes in the middle ages and the changes in European kingdoms, including how the outer borders of Europe were determined, the consolidation of the monarchy and the restriction of the power of the feudal nobility, the origin of dynastic states and the continuous emergence of outstanding monarchs in various kingdoms (such as Philip Augustus of France and Saint Louis, England (Henry II of England and Richard the Lion-Hearted, as well as Alfonso VIII and Fernando III of Castile), involving the establishment of comprehensive universities, the prevalence of Romanesque art style, the development of urban life and guilds, etc., Which details and clearly presents the important and profound impact of medieval culture on the development of European kingdoms.

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was one of the most destructive wars in European history, ravaging all of Central Europe, killing millions, razing towns and villages to the ground, and causing great trauma. In proportion, the human losses caused by the Thirty Years' War even exceeded those of the subsequent World War II. At the same time, the Thirty Years' War had a profound impact on subsequent German history. Peter Wilson's book provides a comprehensive introduction to the war, covering not only the military and political aspects, but also the cultural and social aspects. Wilson analyzed the structure of the Holy Roman Empire at that time, made a detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of the war, described the process of the war in detail, and also analyzed the huge impact of the war on later generations.

Later generations often attribute all of Cleopatra's success to her beauty, but they don't know that beauty is just a part of her political game, and men are just pawns for her to seize power: she skillfully played with the power in her hands, and the portrait on the coin became the best medium for her to promote her legitimate power; she provided financial support for Caesar's political ambitions in exchange for his backing to govern her country; She provided Antony with a place to have fun at all costs in exchange for the expansion of the territory of ancient Egypt; she was proficient in multiple languages, proficient in speech and communication skills, and was unfavorable in diplomatic negotiations... Compared with the title of Cleopatra, Cleopatra should be remembered as the king of ancient Egypt. With her superhuman political acumen, she led the ancient Egyptian kingdom to complete its unprecedented expansion, bringing unprecedented territory and wealth to this ancient country that was originally struggling to survive. Open this book and see how the political genius Cleopatra ascended to the pinnacle of power!

"A Brief History of Britain for Everyone" is written in humorous and easy-to-understand language. It narrates the long history and is both story-telling and literary. The book spans from 50 BC to 1689 AD, telling the story of King Arthur, the Hundred Years' War, the Tudor Dynasty, Bloody Mary, Elizabeth I, Henry VIII and other important eras and figures. Through the rise and fall of dynasties and the ups and downs of monarchs, Dickens conveys profound thoughts on history and inspires readers to think about larger life issues through history.

The Middle Ages was not a dark time, but a colorful time. The Middle Ages were a testing ground for ideas to understand the changes between ancient and modern times and the differences between China and the West. Following the "Outline of Western History" and "Outline of Roman History", Li Jun once again changed his writing concepts and techniques, using 20 years of academic skills to carefully build a colorful medieval museum for readers. Entering this novel museum, "Vikings", "Knights", "Witches", "Alchemy" and "The Black Death" hit you face to face. Li Jun uses these typical and interesting medieval topics to help readers establish an initial impression of the Middle Ages. Then, Li Jun used five thematic exhibition rooms of "Empire", "Church", "Kingdom", "University" and "City" to systematically show readers the unique evolution of many contexts in the Middle Ages. He brilliantly presented the spectacular diverse eras in human history, effectively revealed the historical logic of the modern world emerging from the Middle Ages, and at the same time delicately tasted with readers the historical wisdom of finding self-positioning from "chaos".

Some people say that modern Japan began with the "arrival of black ships". This is also a topic that the public has been exposed to but does not understand deeply. This book starts from the earth-shaking changes brought to Japan by the "arrival of black ships". The black ships brought about the energy revolution, and Japan began to modernize. Since then, the state-led, scientific and technological revitalization has brought about the goals of "colonial industry and prosperity, enriching the country and strengthening the military", "economic growth, international competition" and other goals, making the general mobilization system of national unity last for 150 years. During this period, why did Japanese science and technology achieve such "blowout" achievements? What heavy price was paid for this? Technology succeeds and technology fails. Since the Meiji Era, Japan's science and technology has gradually become mature and exposed its flaws. This is a book for those who want to understand Japanese technology, and it is also a thought-provoking book.

The first authoritative history of one of the world's longest and most intractable conflicts, the India-Pakistan conflict. In August 1947, when British India was divided into independent Pakistan and India, there was a massacre of Hindus and Sikhs on one side and Muslims on the other. More than 750,000 people were massacred and 12 million people fled their homes and sought asylum across the new border. However, that August seems not to be over yet. Renowned historian Dilip Hero provides a fascinating account of India-Pakistan relations, tracing the landmark events that led to the partition of the subcontinent and the evolution of contentious relations between Hindus and Muslims. And to this day, it is still difficult to find a reasonable solution to the dispute, and the Line of Control in Kashmir remains the most heavily defended border in the world. Since partition, there have been several serious crises between India and Pakistan, including East Pakistan's declaration of independence in 1971 and the establishment of Bangladesh; and the acquisition of nuclear weapons by both India and Pakistan, leading to almost inevitable confrontations in 1999 and 2002. Shiro documents not only India and Pakistan's relations with the United States and the Soviet Union, but also their relations with China, Israel, and Afghanistan, fully demonstrating the geopolitical importance of the India-Pakistan conflict. These clues are woven into a clear narrative by Hero, filled with colorful leader biographies, vivid descriptions of wars, sensational assassinations, and human rights violations. It is also interspersed with cultural symbols such as cricket matches, movies, and TV series. It is a brave attempt to zoom in on the relationship between India and Pakistan for the first time.

This book is an illustrated encyclopedia about the weapons, warriors and wars of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, tracing the evolution of the art of war in the Greek and Roman worlds from 1600 BC to 800 AD. Through the analysis and combing of a large number of historical documents, and with the help of epics, legends and modern archaeological discoveries, the author strives to restore the true historical scenes. The content covers famous wars such as the Trojan War, the Greco-Persian War, the Peloponnesian War, the Punic War, and barbarian invasions, as well as military wizards such as Alexander the Great, Hannibal, and Caesar. A magnificent historical picture is presented to us.

"History of Germany in the 20th Century" is a short book about the history of Germany in the 20th century. It describes the German path from a monarchy with authoritarian features to a democracy and welfare republic rooted in the West. Interspersed among these are experiences that have marked the history of Germany and Europe in the 20th century: world wars and the failure of democracy, dictatorship and crime, division and reunification. Andreas Wilshen's description focuses on questioning Germany's "special path", paying special attention to the long-term social development that is often full of contradictions.

"The End of Classical Era: A History of the Late Roman Empire" chronicles the history of the late Classical Era from 284 to 565 AD in a concise, in-depth and thought-provoking way. In addition to a concise and clear introduction to historical events, the author also focuses on revealing the practical significance of the classical era to modernity. And this point is even more prominently reflected in the fact that whether it is the contradiction between religious power and imperial power, the compilation of legal codes, the inheritance of classical culture in Germanic countries, or even the survival of urban life in the classical era, they all had a profound impact on medieval and modern Europe.

For many scholars both ancient and modern, the ancient Greek and Roman period was an era deeply affected by war and military affairs in many aspects. The history of ancient Greece and Rome is largely annals of war records, and it is undeniable that many literary and plastic arts works of ancient Greece and Rome have the theme of killing, battles and wars. "Military History of Ancient Greece and Rome" is a concise and concise basic introduction to the military history of ancient Greece and Rome. The core content is the structural and social history, strategic tactics and political factors in military history. In the book, the author provides an overview of all important road signs and turning points in military history from the Homeric era to the late period of ancient Greece and Rome.

In "History of Technology in Ancient Greece and Rome", Helmut Schneider provides an overview of the importance and development of technology and craftsmanship in ancient Greece and Rome, and presents it to readers in a clear, easy-to-understand, informative and concise way. After briefly introducing the origins of ancient Greek and Roman technology in Egypt and the ancient Near East, the author advances the focus of the discussion to the elaboration of Greek and Roman civilization. He introduced technological developments in agriculture, agricultural product processing, mining and metallurgy, handicrafts, construction engineering, transportation, infrastructure construction, written communication, mechanics, timing technology and military fields, and explained the theoretical discussions on craftsmanship in relevant professional books and documents at the time.

Bernhard Maier, the author of "History of Scotland", uses vivid and vivid language to profoundly reproduce the development history of Scotland from the Stone Age to the present day. This history covers many aspects, including politics, economy, society, language, literature, religion, as well as law, daily life and human thought and spirit. In addition, the book also records the influence of the European continent on Scotland and the spread of Scottish culture in the European continent.

In "The French Revolution", Hans-Ulrich Tamer reviews the ins and outs of this major event in European history, introduces the main participants of the French Revolution and their motivations, explains the important structural features of the French Revolution and the special role of the capital Paris, and presents the revolutionaries' struggle over the constitution and the bloody rule of terror.

This is a fascinating detective history that traces the causes and far-reaching consequences of the infamous plague outbreak that spread across the European continent from 1347 to 1351. Using sources as diverse as monastic manuscripts and dendrochronological studies (the method of measuring tree rings), historians have shown the ecological horrors wrought by the rodent-, flea-borne bacilli, killing at least one in three Europeans, wiping out countless villages and towns, and shaking the foundations of medieval society and civilization.

Neanderthals, Homo heidelbergensis, Denisovans, Homo Flores... There were at least 17 ancient human races on the earth, but most of them became extinct during periods of dramatic climate change. The groups that briefly escaped these disasters also disappeared due to low cognitive abilities. Change never stops, and Homo sapiens can only use the environment and constantly change itself if it wants to survive. Today, Homo sapiens need to face problems such as urban congestion, air pollution, global warming, nuclear weapons, mental illness, etc. That are more harmful, more risky, and more costly to solve. We need to review the long-term trends and major changes in human history to find the future development direction of mankind. Open this book to see how Homo sapiens can break through the siege and become the winner, and how it can continue to improve and deal with future crises.

Is peace an anomaly? Margaret Macmillan, Emeritus Professor of International History at the University of Oxford, through a detailed interpretation of nine chapters, from ancient Greece and Rome to the Hundred Years War, to the American Civil War, to the First and Second World Wars, through reflections on the lessons learned from classic battles in history and current wars, from the perspectives of history, political science, literature, anthropology, biology and other disciplines, explores a profound question: Why are humans so obsessed with large-scale cannibalism, and what price will we pay? At the same time, by analyzing the causes, methods and means of war, the author examines how war has affected human society, and how changes in our political structure, technology and ideology have affected the conduct of war. This book focuses on a number of controversial topics: When did the war begin? Why is war an organized part of human activity? Why are warriors almost always men? Was war ever under our control? The author also shows us the many aspects of war in the book - the languages ​​we speak, the individual memories we have, and the great cultural treasures all reflect the glory and pain that war brings to human society. As a disturbing and challenging topic, Macmillan also reveals through fascinating observations and examples how war vividly embodies the evil and noble sides of human nature.

This book briefly explains the history of the First World War, explores the causes and process of the First World War in more depth, and interprets its decisive impact on the historical process of the 20th century. Today we no longer accept the explanation that the First World War was a natural disaster, but regard it as a major historical event that was caused by humans, promoted by humans, and finally exhausted to its end.

Goethe once said: "If a man has seen Rome, he has seen everything." As the leading empire in the ancient world, the Romans once incorporated vast areas of Europe, Asia and Africa into their territory. The Romans created a series of political systems, legal norms, management models, and public projects that still influence Western society to this day and have become the never-ending source of living water for modern Western civilization. The legends of kings, the evolution of political systems, triumphal glory, glory of power, and the fall of heroes will all be clearly presented in this magnificent history of the development and evolution of the Roman Empire. Let us get immersed in the wisdom of history, humanities, and philosophy, stir up the virtues and magnificent ideals in our hearts, understand the warm "Eternal City" Rome, and understand today's Western society and world pattern.

"Across the Atlantic" focuses on the interconnections, exchanges and competition between the two sides of the Atlantic in social policies, and tells how people strive to make up for the damage caused by over-indulgent capitalism in the process of Western industrialization and urbanization. From the Paris World's Fair in 1900 to the Beveridge Report in London in 1942, from the two world wars to Roosevelt's New Deal, the historical materials are rich and detailed, vividly recording various social policy attempts related to people's livelihood, including social insurance, urban planning, municipal services, rural education and housing reform. The vision not only spans the Atlantic Ocean, but also involves Australia and New Zealand. It always grasps the context of exchanges and interactions between countries and breaks the limitations of inherent ideological boundaries.

This book tells the history of Japan's expansion and destruction in modern times, starting from 1895 to 1945. Starting from four clues - internal affairs, diplomacy, war, and historical figures - it reveals the dual historical processes of external expansion and self-destruction, overt and covert, moving forward side by side, and interacting. What is the ideological logic that supports Japan's foreign expansion? What are the institutional roots of self-destruction? What roles did the emperor, politicians, bureaucrats, and the people play? How did the world situation unfold from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century? This book aims to reveal the changing trajectory of the formation, development and collapse of the Japanese Empire, analyze the particularities and logical connections behind many historical phenomena, and let the facts speak for themselves.

In the minds of Chinese readers, Persian culture appears mysterious and lofty. In fact, Chinese civilization and Persian civilization have had close exchanges in history. Pipa, harp, pomegranate and other food and utensils were introduced to China from Persia, and Chinese Tang poetry also influenced Persian poetry. In this book "Persian Notes", Mu Hongyan, a doctoral supervisor at Beijing Foreign Studies University and a scholar specializing in Persian culture, introduces all aspects of Persian culture in clear and concise language: history, society, poetic tradition, aesthetic taste... Persia in the book has a familiar side to us, that is, a side that is connected with Chinese cultural traditions; there is also a strange side, that is, limited by the barriers of language and region, it has been out of the sight of Chinese readers for a long time. The book is easy-to-understand and is equipped with many exquisite illustrations of Persian paintings and utensils. It is an interesting overview of the rich cultural treasure house of Persia.

Why has the West dominated the modern world for nearly 500 years? To answer this question, we need to go back to these crucial 40 years. The 40 years from 1490 to 1530 were a critical turning point in European and world history. During these 40 years, there was Columbus's feat of crossing the Atlantic and the Protestant Reformation started by Martin Luther. A series of rapid social, political, economic, cultural and technological developments in Europe promoted the formation of the modern world: print media shaped a new humanistic view of knowledge, large-scale religious conflicts were about to break out, highly centralized military-financial states emerged, and gunpowder brought military technological changes and large-scale Model War, the West began its barbaric conquest of the world... All these factors interacted to form a unique economic system linked by finance, which in turn established Europe's dominant position on the world stage in the next four centuries, the so-called "Great Divergence" between the West and the rest of the world. This book selects nine characters as narrative clues to connect Europe at that time with the world. It tells the revolutionary changes in politics, military, religion, finance, trade and other aspects of Europe in the past half century, and analyzes the key factors that established the West's dominance and affected the development process of the entire world. The book first tells about three famous figures: explorer Columbus, Spanish Queen Isabella and financier Jacob Fugger.

"Tolerance" is a popular history book that has been best-selling for nearly a hundred years. The author Fang Long uses his profound humanistic care and the spirit of advocating freedom of thought to analyze the arduous process that mankind has gone through in seeking the right to think, and outlines a magnificent history of human ideological liberation. With the help of Van Loon's extremely famous "eye of tolerance", let us rediscover and gain a deeper understanding of the tortuous development history of politics, religion, culture, and society over thousands of years and the long process of human beings seeking their own liberation.

Russia is a region where the development of state power is different from other European countries. Harsh geographical conditions and huge land area make it extremely difficult to establish an effective political power. What emerged in this context was a hereditary regime that regarded the country as the private property of the tsar. This book examines the evolution of the Russian state from the 9th century to the 1880s and discusses its unique role in managing Russian society. "Russia Under the Old Regime" clearly sorts out Russia's past and conducts profound and original analysis. It is an important work that is difficult to bypass in understanding Russia.

On September 1, 1939, the German army invaded Poland. By 1940, under the iron heel of the Nazis, the Maginot Line was ineffective, and the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium fell one after another. In May, the fall of Paris was imminent, leaving British troops stranded at Dunkirk. In the same month, Churchill became the British Prime Minister, making Britain, facing diplomatic isolation, suddenly the only country in Europe with the courage and determination to resist Hitler. At this time, the European continent was filled with capitulationism, and only Churchill was still calling for regaining courage and continuing to fight. On June 4, 1940, in nine days, Churchill used various ships and thousands of aircraft sorties to evacuate a total of 338,000 soldiers from Dunkirk to the United Kingdom, creating a miracle in the history of World War II. The miraculous return of the army has awakened people's sense of resistance, and the lives of tens of millions of people will be changed.

King Louis XIV of France was good at ballet and built Versailles. French soft power such as clothing, food, literature and art has conquered the world, and speaking French has become fashionable to this day. Russian Czar Peter I regarded backward Russia as a shame and a pain. He personally went to Europe to study the West comprehensively. He worked tirelessly to transform Russia, but he encountered misunderstanding, resistance, and even a military coup. He suppressed opponents with an iron fist, and finally built a medieval agricultural country that was greedy for land into a modern coastal cultural, economic, and military power. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty came to the throne at a young age. He eliminated Obai, pacified the three vassals, took over Taiwan, resisted the Russian army, and destroyed Galdan. The Qing Dynasty reached its peak, ushering in the prosperous era of Kangxi, Yongzong and Qianlong. Kangxi developed China's feudal dynasty to its peak and also unveiled the prelude to its decline. Compared with Europe's freedom of thought, scientific and technological development, and the prosperity of the country and the military, Emperor Kangxi did not lay the foundation for a new era. China and Europe passed each other shoulder to shoulder and could no longer catch up.

In the history of human thought, perhaps no period is more dazzling than the French Revolution. However, in recent decades, historians who have studied the French Revolution believe that the French Revolution was inspired and shaped by political, economic, cultural and various social forces, ignoring abstract concepts such as freedom and equality. In this book, Jonathan Israel, an important historian of the Enlightenment, uses revolutionary thought as a basis and uses various thoughts and schools during the French Revolution as the basis for explaining and discussing the origin, development, and end of the French Revolution. He shows readers how revolutionary thought emerged from the radical ideological trends of the 18th century and how it divided the leaders of the revolution into fiercely conflicting camps. Jonathan Israel conducted an in-depth analysis of the differences between French political elites who held different revolutionary thoughts. The blending and collision of human thoughts jointly outline the magnificent historical picture of the French Revolution.

"The British Empire Trilogy" narrates the British history from Queen Victoria's accession to the throne to Churchill's death in a huge space. The narrative style is brilliant and vivid, involving different continents, various characters and multiple wars. Supplemented by the author's field trips, it reproduces the long process of the British Empire from its rise to its decline. The first part, "Manifest Destiny" traces the history from Victoria's accession to the British Empire's expansion and aggression in 1897. It records the Kabul rout, the Indian Mutiny, the Zulu War, the Ashanti War, the conflict with the Boers and other wars. It also records the abolition of the slave trade, Australia Major events such as the demise of the indigenous people, the exploration of the Nile, the Great Famine in Ireland, the Universal Exposition, and the Irish Home Rule Movement demonstrate the social changes and technological development in Britain in the second half of the 19th century, as well as the social landscape of different regions in Asia, Africa, America, and Oceania from the perspective of the colonists.

It is the fulcrum between the east and west parts of Asia and a key node of the Maritime Silk Road; it is one of the four ancient civilizations alongside China and the birthplace of the third and fourth largest religions in the world. Today, its population ranks first in the world, and its influence extends beyond the Indian Ocean to cover the entire globe. It is India, a magical and contradictory country, a South Asian giant elephant living next to the Chinese dragon. Unlike Chinese history, which can be clearly divided into continuous unified dynasties, Indian history presents a sense of rupture and fragmentation. Around 3000 BC, the dawn of civilization appeared in places such as Harappa in the Indus Valley. The civilization once covered an area larger than Egypt and Mesopotamia. Around 1300 BC, a possible major drought ended the Indus Valley Civilization, and waves of Aryans poured into India. From this time until the founding of the Republic of India, the subcontinent witnessed one invasion after another by outside powers. Persians, Greeks, and Islamic forces from the northwest and Kushans and Huns from the east came to India through the Khyber Pass in the northwest of the subcontinent; while the British and French came from the sea. Before the arrival of the British, India never formed a unified nation.

"Alexander's Empire" accurately reproduces Alexander the Great's life, great historical achievements, and how the empire fell apart during the conquests of his successors through the deeds and achievements of Alexander the Great. It involves the development, changes and power changes during the Alexander Empire and the Hellenistic Kingdom, as well as the achievements created by his successors. The New Kingdom, along with Alexander's education, army, and the city of Alexandria and the Kingdom of Pergamon, meticulously, richly and clearly presents the historical rise and fall of the world empire that spanned Europe, Asia and Africa at that time, and how the rich, turbulent and dramatic era was shaped by great figures who ended in tragedy.

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Humanity was born from the ocean, although we will always forget it. This book presents a human epic hidden in the water: the remains of marine mammals in prehistoric civilization sites are evidence that Homo sapiens depended on the sea for a living; the expeditions of Polynesians and Vikings are proof of the superb navigation skills of our ancestors; the barter exchanges between sea peoples and land communities are the prototype of trade and cultural exchanges. ; The inexhaustible wealth in the sea has created a land empire and triggered great geographical discoveries; the focus of civilization seems to have shifted from the ocean to the land, but the bond between humans and the ocean has never stopped; scientific research, resource development, ecological protection, international cooperation... The future direction is still closely related to the ocean. Starting from the origin of the earth, explore the history of the world as magnificent as the waves.

It presents the 2,500-year development history of ancient Greek civilization in a panoramic manner, salvages the glorious and mysterious fragments of ancient Greek civilization in detail, and interprets the enlightenment of the rise and fall of ancient Greek civilization. "The Origin of Greece": For a long time, ancient Greek civilization was full of poetic magnificence and mystery, just like Athena emerging from the head of Zeus fully armed. But with the emergence of the remains of the Cretan and Mycenaean civilizations, the origin of this ancient Western culture has truly become traceable. This book restores the historical clues of ancient Greek civilization from the Bronze Age to the Archaic Period. "Classical Greece": The principles of classical aesthetics, logic and rational thinking, the social ethics of living together and resolving conflicts, the concept of equality before the law, the ideological basis of democracy and participatory politics, the methods and principles of individualism, humanism, and science. These ideas that laid the foundation for Western and even world culture, politics, and other fields were all formed in the classical Greek period. Even today, when new technologies are in full swing, Europeans are still Greek at heart. "The Fall of Athens": This book uses rich and reliable historical materials to vividly reproduce the struggle and replacement of Greek hegemony in the late classical era, especially the Peloponnesian War and the chaos and collapse it brought about. The defeat of Athens directly led to the decline of the city-state system and ancient Greek civilization from its peak. "Alexander's Empire": Through the development, changes and power changes during the Alexander Empire and the Hellenistic Kingdom, this book details, richly and clearly presents the historical rise and fall of the world-wide empire across Europe, Asia and Africa at that time, and how the rich, turbulent and dramatic era was influenced by those great figures who ended in tragedy. At the same time, Alexander's expedition not only established a vast empire around the world, but also spread Greek culture to the conquered areas, profoundly changing the style of the ancient world and Greece in the classical period, and causing Greek culture to experience a new golden stage.

A well-known work on the history of modern Egypt and a must-read for Middle Eastern studies. From the boudoir to the revolutionary tide, from family reform to national liberation, we examine the dual discourses of the colonizers and the colonized, and re-examine the origins of the Egyptian independence movement and the cultivation of the modern nation. How do urban architecture, residential environment, and lifestyle connect families and social modernization? What kind of national imagination did it inspire, and how did it influence colonial policy? How can Britain beautify the occupation of a polygamous family and a sensual royal family with moral politics? What practices did local elites use to respond to domestication? Women who devoted themselves to the struggle for independence and "browed" the new country could only be trapped in their families again after the revolution. Why did the conceptual welcome of women's liberation eventually turn into abandonment in the political field? This book uses gender and family as perspectives to rethink the origins of Egyptian nationalism and the 1919 revolution by establishing the connection between social changes in class and family structures and British colonial rule.

This book was first published in 1957, with an original volume of 100,000 words. Among the various reading materials on Greek and Roman history, it is indeed a small book, but it is unique. The 2008 triple edition made important expansions to the content of this book. Two important articles by the author on the history of Greece and Rome and a classic translation - Selected Translation of Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War" (Volume 7) have been added, and the whole book has been increased to 180,000 words. This expansion provides readers with extended reading, which helps to deepen and truly understand Greece, Rome and its ancient world. This book has been continuously updated over the past half century since its publication, continuing its life among generations of young readers. The triptych edition specially invited the author's eldest son, Mr. Wu Yu, a world history scholar, to write an article, focusing on the author's academic origins in ancient Greek and Roman history. This 5,000-word "postscript" is rich in content, full of emotions, and lifelike. At the same time, the triptych edition also fulfilled Wu Yu's wish to illustrate and accompany his father's paintings and calligraphy. In 2022, we will once again launch a new edition with a new look, adding a classical and civilized perspective when looking at the world in the 21st century.

One book can understand the root causes of all conflicts and turmoil in Afghanistan over the past 800 years, completely tell the history of Afghanistan since its founding, and explain all the problems in Afghanistan at once. Through the narration of 800 years of Afghan history, it accurately predicts the chaos that Afghanistan will face after the US withdrawal, and you must read this book to understand the ins and outs of the Taliban and the past and present of the Imperial Cemetery. Located at the intersection of Asia and the Middle East, Afghanistan has been of strategic importance for thousands of years. Modern Afghanistan is a culturally and ethnically diverse country but divided by conflict, political instability and mass displacement of its people. In this authoritative illustrated history, Jonathan L. Lee tells the story of how a small confederation of tribes in a politically and culturally important but volatile region became the modern nation-state. Drawing on more than four decades of painstaking research, Lee places the current conflict facing Afghanistan in its historical context and challenges Western preconceptions about the country. Lee chronicles the region's monarchy and Durrani dynasty, focusing on each of the region's rulers and their efforts to balance tribal, ethnic, regional, and religious factions, examining the struggles for social and constitutional reform and the rise of Islamic and communist factions. He offers new insights into culture and politics by examining Polish history, memoirs of Afghan government officials, British government and Indian office archival documents, newly released CIA reports and WikiLeaks documents. Lee also sheds new light on the country's foreign relations, internal power struggles, and foreign military intervention similar to the "war on terror."

"A Brief History of the World: The Evolution of Human Civilization" is a popular book that observes world history from the perspective of Chinese scholars and comprehensively displays the Chinese people's view of world history. It uses concise and easy-to-understand words to explain the historical context of mankind from primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society to socialist society. It also illustrates the evolution of human history from relative isolation to close connection. It uses pictures and texts to show the general development trend of human society from the "Stone Age" to the "Information Age". "A Brief History of the World: The Evolution of Human Civilization" is based on sufficient and objective historical facts, rich and conclusive historical materials, and strives to scientifically present the social development process of various parts of the world, the interconnectedness of different regions, and the contributions made by people of various countries to human civilization, comprehensively display the colorful historical picture of mutual learning between Chinese civilization and other civilizations in the world, and truly reveal the bright future of the people of all countries in the world towards a community with a shared future for mankind.

What are women fighting for? Through more than a dozen key nodes in the French women's affirmative movement of more than 200 years, we can see that women have gone through thorns to get to where they are today. Wearing trousers, receiving education and taking exams, choosing a job, obtaining property protection, opening a bank account, applying for divorce, having the right to vote and be elected, and accepting painless childbirth are all obtained by women fighting against the patriarchy again and again in the rapids of the times.

This is a book that provides a panoramic interpretation of the history of Türkiye's economic development. Türkiye is one of the largest developing economies in the world, both in terms of population and economic scale. However, so far, there is no authoritative work that systematically summarizes the history of Türkiye's economic development. The book fills this gap, examining Türkiye's economic growth and human development since 1820. The book examines the history of Turkey's economic development in a global comparative framework, using absolute and relative indicators, through the following four periods: the open economic period of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, the transition period from empire to nation-state spanning two world wars and the Great Depression, the period of continued protectionism and import substitution industrialization after World War II, and the period of neoliberalism and economic openness after 1980. Based on these four periods, the author uses sequence data such as per capita GDP, trade, wages, health and education indices to analyze the direct and underlying causes behind Turkey's long-term economic trends, especially emphasizing the profound impact of the interaction between formal and informal systems on Turkey's century-old economic development history. The author believes that among many developing countries, Turkey's economic performance is neither outstanding nor lagging behind, so it is more representative. By analyzing the history of Turkey's economic development, we can not only better understand the driving forces behind Türkiye's development, but also provide important insights into the common growth model of the entire developing world.

In the summer of 1914, an unprecedented war swept across Europe and soon spread to the entire world. The causes of World War I were complicated, but its trigger was a love tragedy. Archduke Ferdinand, the crown prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who was not popular with the public, insisted on marrying Sophie, a lower-class noble, against the emperor's wishes. For this reason, they were shamed and shunned by high society throughout the empire. However, on June 28, 1914, two bullets in Sarajevo not only ended their much-criticized love and life, but also caused almost an entire generation of young Europeans to be buried in their honour. "The Assassination of Ferdinand" focuses on this remarkable period of history, unearthing a large number of unpublished letters and rare first-hand information. It uses documentary-style expression techniques to combine the secret history of the royal family, political murder and touching love, depicting the situation in Europe at the end of the 19th century, revealing the shocking truth behind the assassination, and telling the fate of the royal descendants who were displaced after the war.

For many of us, when we see the word "Viking", the image of brutal bandits coming across the sea in the dark centuries before the "Norman Conquest" in 1066 AD, burning, killing, looting and committing all kinds of evil on the coast of Britain will come to mind. Britain in the Viking Age was indeed turbulent and full of atrocities. Many kings and military lords pursue great fame and shine in the annals of history. Just looking at their names makes people's blood boil and their imaginations boundless: Swayne the Mustache, Edmund the Brave, Ivar the Boneless, Alfred the Great, Eric the Blood Axe, Edgar the Pacifier, and so on. Evidence of these people's cruelty, tyranny, greed, arrogance, perseverance and wisdom are still unearthed from the soil of Britain from time to time. But that's not all. Thomas Williams is the curator of Vikings: Lives and Legends at the British Museum. In this book, drawing on his experience as a curator, he tells the story of the arrival in Britain of the people we call Vikings: not only did they raid and rob, they settled, colonized and ruled. The Viking influence on the islands was profound and lasting, unexpectedly shaping the development of British society, culture and politics over hundreds of years. Indeed, the presence of Scandinavian immigrants can still be felt in British language, literature, place names and folklore, and their distant memories, filtered and reproduced by writers such as J. R. R. Tolkien, William Morris and G. K. Chesterton, have changed the imagination of Westerners. This book is unconventional. It uses the latest results of academic research and the author's many years of research to deeply explore the relics left by the Vikings and their contemporaries in the British Isles and the mountains and terrain they traveled through, including rune stones and ship burials, settlements and battlefields, poems and chronicles, filling in a long-missing historical link. Through this book, readers will re-understand that forgotten world, its impact on British history and its inspiration for today's world.

In the history of the world, the Eastern Roman Empire is impressive. Its rule lasted for 1,100 years. Even after the fall of the Western Rome, the Eastern Rome still inherited the civilization and glory of the former Roman Empire and maintained its strong vitality. Since then, it has also had a profound influence on the culture of European countries. From the establishment of the new capital Constantinople by Constantine I in 330 AD to its conquest by the Ottomans in 1453 AD, the Eastern Roman Empire, later known as the Byzantine Empire, became the "world center" of literature, art, law, and scholarship during that period. In this book, Dionysius shatters the stereotype of Eastern Rome as an unchanging theocracy, using new research to explore its political, economic, social, and cultural history. Combining recent archaeological research and historical documents, and following a clear chronological context, he gave a popular interpretation of key figures in different historical stages and their salient features in politics, economy, culture and other aspects. This book adds to our wonderful collective memory, and its rich legacy remains today, whether it is the gilt bronze horses that once played in the arena, the mosaic illustrations that decorated the walls and ceilings of the churches, or the word "Byzantium" itself, like an immortal story that is still being circulated today. The book is divided into 9 chapters, arranged in chronological order. The first eight chapters describe in detail the internal reforms and external expansion strategies of the empire from the period of the division of Rome and the establishment of the Eastern Roman Empire, to the domination of the Mediterranean and the entry of dynastic rule into the "golden age", to the impact of Western forces, and the ups and downs of the empire's fate of splitting, being conquered, and rebuilding, until it finally fell. The book introduces each chapter. The main events and main characters of this period, as well as the political changes and territorial changes of the Byzantine Empire, and discuss the economic foundation, important architectural and cultural achievements of the empire in each period; Chapter 9 introduces the history after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD, and the value of Byzantium in the study of today's world. The thousand-year history of the Eastern Roman Empire is full of twists and turns, but also has strong continuity. It has certain significance for exploring the past, today and the future.

The Victorian era was the peak stage of the development of the British Empire, witnessing its prosperity and expansion. It was a time of rapid development in the urban engineering and transportation industries, dramatic social changes - not least due to rapid urbanization and industrialization - the publication of a number of literary masterpieces, and the invention of many sports that are still popular today. But for most, it was also a time of extreme poverty, widespread child labor and prostitution, high levels of crime, and entrenched class differences, including the Potato Famine in Ireland, concentration camps in Britain during the Boer War, and the abolition of slavery in the United States. For the convenience of readers, this book explores empire and conquest, technological innovation, urban life, health and disease, social customs, crime and punishment, etc. In chapter order to help readers understand all aspects of British social life in the 19th century. The book chronicles the lives of legends such as Charles Dickens, Edgar Allen Poe, and the infamous Jack the Ripper, authentically portraying the era that inspired writers to conceive of classic characters such as Frankenstein, Dracula, detective stories, and even Sherlock Holmes. This book is accompanied by 180 photos and paintings, revealing a two-sided world where glory and poverty coexist, disease and hypocrisy are interdependent.

From the time when ancient ancestors entered the American continent 15,000 BC to the discovery of the New World by Columbus in 1492 AD, a great unknown experiment occurred in human history. During this period, human ancestors in the New and Old Worlds lived in time and space isolated from each other. Facing different geography, climate, and animal and plant communities, they each developed completely different human natures, ideas, and societies. "The Great Separation" is a cutting-edge work by British intellectual history scholar Peter Watson that explores human history and destiny. Watson draws on recent achievements in anthropology, archaeology, mythology, biology, and ethics to discuss the different potentials of human nature realized in different environments, and also presents a comprehensive picture of the different destinies of human societies in the New and Old Worlds. This book explores many major historical variables that affect human society, and synthesizes a set of evolutionary frameworks for human life, customs, and ideas. Whether it is the structure of the continent and the animal and plant resources available for domestication, or the climate patterns and the abnormal distribution of hallucinogens, they have had a profound impact on human social forms, living customs, religious beliefs, and language structures, forming the ideological foundation of our current society.

3,500 years ago, the Mycenaeans, the Greek ancestors who were good at sailing and commerce, entered the historical stage on the islands and peninsulas of the Aegean Sea. Although they experienced a "dark period" of decline, they prospered again after the 9th century BC and developed into Greek city-states led by Athens and Sparta. Alexander's conquests then created the first "globalization" era. In the 2nd century BC, Rome conquered Greece, but the history of Greece did not end with the decline of the ancient Greek city-states. Instead, the Greek civilization further expanded its influence due to the admiration of Rome, laying the foundation for the development of modern science, art, politics, and law. In the Greek-speaking, Christian Byzantine Empire, classical Greek and Roman culture was inherited and developed, and was the envy of the Western world for hundreds of years. Although the fall of Constantinople at the end of the Middle Ages was lamentable, from the Greek merchants of the Ottoman Empire to the Greek Revolution that led the wave of modern national independence, to modern Greece that dominates the merchant shipping industry, the Greeks are still thriving at the intersection of Asia and Europe.

In 1501, Shiite Iran was born and fought against the Sunni Ottoman Empire. In the late 18th century, the divided Iran was reunited, but decades later it became a military training ground for Britain and Russia. In 1908, oil was first discovered in Iran. Soon after, Iranian oil was shipped to Europe, disrupting the battlefield of World War I. During the Cold War, the United States regarded Iran as a regional ally to counterbalance the Soviet Union. In 1979, the Islamic Revolution that shocked the world was successful, and the United States and Iran turned from allies into enemies. In 1980, the Iran-Iraq war broke out, adding more war to the already turbulent Middle East. In 2015, the "Iran Nuclear Agreement" was signed, but the Iranian nuclear issue has not ended and it still affects the nerves of various countries. Religion, geography, oil, war, revolution, who controls Iran's destiny? The replacement of 5 dynasties, at least 3 revolutions, 3 civil wars, 4 foreign occupations, and the establishment of an Islamic Republic... Thoroughly explain why Iran has become a bellwether for the world situation!