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The fall of each dynasty has its own special story. On March 16, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, when Zhu Youjian, Emperor Sizong of the Ming Dynasty, received the news that Juyong Pass had been lost, he would not have thought that he only had seventy-two hours left to live, let alone that it was his own people who were forcing him step by step up to Meishan. This book focuses on the historical details of the fall of the Ming Dynasty. The turmoil inside and outside Beijing seems to be impregnable, but in fact it is wrapped up in an incredible conspiracy. The eunuchs, civil servants, and nobles who actually control the situation in Beijing are intrigues and intrigues, and everyone is planning for themselves. Life and death, loyalty and betrayal gradually become clear in the face of the great rights and wrongs of history.

This book is divided into five chapters, introducing strange people in Chinese history. The first chapter talks about the hermits and masters of Yi studies, including the famous "Flying Bear" Jiang Ziya, "Wolong" Zhuge Liang, etc. The second chapter talks about the famous doctors of the past dynasties who saved lives and healed the wounded and brought people back to life, including the famous miracle doctors Bian Que and Hua Tuo. The third chapter talks about historical scientists and inventors with unlimited creativity and ingenuity, including the famous super inventor Lu Ban, "Paper Saint" Cai Lun, etc. The fourth chapter collects the talents of a generation who dominated the ancient Chinese literary world. Chapter 5 collects the heroes of the political and business world in ancient my country.

The New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty is an area in which research on modern Chinese history has achieved fruitful results in recent years. With the deepening of relevant research, the role and value of the Manchu and Mongolian elites in the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty and the changes of the times have been re-examined. This book takes Duanfang's reform measures during the changes in the late Qing Dynasty as the object of investigation, and is a further deepening of previous research. The author examines Duan Fang in the tortuous and complicated historical process of the late Qing Dynasty, using his life as the warp and his thoughts as the latitude, and strives to examine his role in the changes in the late Qing Dynasty from the aspects of political change, industrial innovation, and educational innovation.

The tributary system originated in the pre-Qin era, developed in the Han and Tang dynasties, and reached its perfection in the Ming Dynasty. It is based on the payment of tribute by the Siyi vassal states and the canonization and rewards of the Chinese court as the suzerain. It is an important means for the Chinese dynasties to "control" the Siyi people and "accommodate the distant people". This book contains a total of 28 papers on the study of the vassal and tribute system in ancient China. From multiple perspectives, it sorts out how the Chinese dynasties (pre-Qin to Ming and Qing) communicated with the "Siyi vassal states", and how they established and implemented the tribute system and developed foreign relations. Many experience summaries still have reference significance for the development of foreign relations and handling of international conflicts at the current stage. The manuscript is divided into three parts. The articles included in the first part mainly discuss the vassal and tribute system from a theoretical level. For example, Li Dalong's "Theoretical Origins and Characteristics of the Times of the Tribute System" concluded through combing that the tribute system that has been passed down through the ages in our country originated from the pre-Qin Chinese central consciousness, the concept of great unification, and the way of dealing with neighbors of "big things and small things". The articles collected in the second part mainly discuss the policies adopted by my country's dynasties in dealing with foreign relations. For example, Cheng Nina systematically sorted out the tribute activities of the Sushen, Yilou, Wuji, Mohe and other ethnic groups from the Han to the Tang Dynasty, thus revealing the actual state of the central dynasty's control of the northeastern frontier. The third part is book reviews and review articles, which mainly introduce monographs and papers on the study of ancient China's foreign relations, vassal system and its historical evolution, and present the research trends in related fields.

This book is one of the series "Historians Tell History". When the teacher was studying history, he said: "When the Han Dynasty was competing with the Xiongnu... Things were changing and talents emerged in large numbers, which is a joy to read." The era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was an era of passion and aggressiveness, an era in which the people's work and struggle achieved rich harvests. With the courage and courage of "an extraordinary man" to do "extraordinary things", Emperor Wu carried out feats such as "sending troops to the Xiongnu", "opening the road to the Western Regions", "South Vietnam surrendering", "Yelang entering the dynasty", "North Korea setting up a county", and "Heavenly Horse Coming to the West". During this period, local separatist forces were eliminated, and Chu culture, Qin culture, and Qilu culture completed the historical process of confluence, forming the Han culture, the basic cultural form of our nation. The Han brocade text found on the Silk Road "climb high and see clearly across the sea" reflects the broad mind and enterprising spirit of Han culture in facing the world during this period. The stories of outstanding figures in various fields of society during the same period show us a historical picture of ancient China with shining stars, strong cultural rise, and vibrant society. In addition, the author does not shy away from using "the women of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" and "cultivating cruel officials" to present the multiple aspects of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

This book contains old and new works by Mr. Wang Ruilai, an expert on Song history. There are 12 articles in total, all focusing on one theme, namely, the politics of scholar-bureaucrats and imperial power, covering the two Song Dynasties. As the title of the book "Emperors, Civil Service Officials and Military Generals of the Song Dynasty" shows, the emperor wrote about Taizu and Taizong, the founders of the Song Dynasty, and also conducted a special investigation on the "Candle Shadow and Ax Sound" incident, which can be called an eternal mystery; the civil servants wrote about Zhong Yan, a model for scholar-bureaucrats, Zhao Yan, the "Iron-faced Censor", and "Taiping". Prime Minister Zhou Bida; military generals wrote about the Song Dynasty surrender general Wang Jizhong who promoted the "Chanyuan Alliance" behind the scenes and the famous anti-Jin general Yue Fei; the last article wrote about Huang Gongwang, a literati painter who entered the Yuan Dynasty from the Song Dynasty and was famous for his "Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains". It can be said that this book discusses many major events in the history of the Song Dynasty.

This book tells the story of the Song Dynasty, an important period in the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization. It uses humorous and vivid writing to delicately depict the characters and customs of the Song Dynasty and various worldly affairs, and restores to readers an intuitive and life-friendly history of the Song Dynasty.

This book tells the story of the Yuan Dynasty, an important period in the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization. It uses humorous and vivid writing to delicately depict the characters and customs of the Yuan Dynasty and various worldly affairs, and restores to readers an intuitive and life-friendly history of the Yuan Dynasty.

In an era, various trends of thought and styles of study will become popular. This phenomenon of diverse competition and clamorous voices was especially common in the late Ming and Ming dynasties. Since the mid-Ming Dynasty, there have been several movements or trends, including the Xinxue Movement, the Literary Restoration Movement, the Integration of Three Religions into One, and the Art-making (i. E., Eight-legged Essay) trend. Past research has focused more on big names and figures to see them leading or dominating a certain movement or trend. This book turns its attention to the young scholars in Jiangxi and surrounding areas in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. These young scholars were often affected by several trends at the same time, wandering and hesitating between the trends, and even fell into a dilemma of choice, or trying to find the possibility of parallelism for different trends. These young scholars may not be the protagonists of the historical stage, but these people are actually closer to the situation of most scholars at that time. Through in-depth analysis of their lives, thoughts and practices, this book reveals their complex situations in ideological emancipation, cultural inheritance and social changes. Although these young scholars failed to become representatives of mainstream academic circles, their activities and choices profoundly affected the culture and ideological pattern of the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

This book begins with the founding of the Qing Dynasty and ends in the 21st century, narrating the great changes in modern Chinese society over the past four hundred years. The author clearly points out that this difficult journey is not, as most Western Sinologists say, a history in which Western factors continued to be input and China only responded passively. From clues such as the government's policies and systems, the national struggle against external factors, and the search for a way to survive in a new world, the author meticulously describes the internal social turmoil and important driving forces of development in modern China, telling the world the history of an ancient Confucian empire that experienced hardships and obstacles and transformed into a modern nation-state. Although the author is in the European and American circles, what he expresses through this book is his views on the development process of modern China as a Chinese. This expression does not belong to any one theory or doctrine, but is an eclectic and harmonious view of history. With a vision that transcends ideology, class, party and culture, and a heart of tolerance and goodwill towards historical figures of all kinds, Mr. Xu Zhongyue looks at historical events fairly, impartially, objectively and calmly. At the same time, he refers to a large amount of archival documents and research works, and uses an interdisciplinary approach to strive to present to readers this historical work that describes the struggle of the Chinese nation in the past four hundred years.

This book deeply explores the important influence of the "restoration" issue in the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty, points out the opposition between Xiaozong's restoration line of enriching the country and Taoist scholar-officials' restoration line of enriching the people, and analyzes the political disputes arising from different political groups around this opposition. It provides new insights into the understanding of major political events in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as "Shaoxi's Inner Zen", "Qingyuan Party Ban" and "Kaixi Northern Expedition". It helps readers further understand the political stance of Taoist scholars and officials in the Southern Song Dynasty and important academic issues such as the politics of powerful ministers in the Southern Song Dynasty.

This book breaks away from the traditional writing method that takes political history as the main line. It selects representative figures among the Guanlong nobles and Shandong heroes. It introduces the formation of the Sui and Tang ruling classes and their national character from various dimensions, such as family networks, religious beliefs, regional characteristics, etc. Each volume is divided into ten chapters, mainly in chronological order, with selected important historical nodes and historical figures discussed and examined. The whole book not only retains the original literature materials, but also adds the author's wonderful explanations, allowing readers to read selectively. The latest research papers are specially noted in the footnotes to assist readers in need of further reading. There is also a "Tell me more" unit at the end of each chapter, which introduces readers to the methods of reading history and the key points of the chapter.

"One Hundred Years of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong" is a book that tells the important figures and historical events of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty in a simple and easy-to-understand way. Through these characters and events, the changes of the Qing Dynasty during this period are shown. The book contains both vivid narrations of major historical events and detailed portrayals of important historical figures. Provide readers with a broad and in-depth historical perspective and feel the continuity and complexity of history.

This book takes a series of political and military struggles that occurred from the late Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" as the main line, and refers to relevant biographies in historical books such as "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", and "Three Kingdoms" to connect scattered and fragmented historical events according to historical logic and chronological order.

Covering all aspects of Chinese history, it is written by historians Zhang Hongjie, Lu Simian, Ge Jianxiong, history teacher Wang, Hu Axiang and others. The set has 9 volumes in total, including "History Is So Interesting 1+2", "A Brief Reading of Chinese History", "A Brief Reading of Chinese History: The Power and Finance Behind the Corruption in China's Past Dynasties", "Research on Chinese Bureaucratic Politics", "Pivot: China in 3000 Years", "General History of China in Kyoto", "Lü Simian's Minimalist History of China", "Unchangeable and Changing: Ge Jianxiong on the History of the Country".

Ichisada Miyazaki has devoted his life to the research and teaching of Chinese history. He has made original ideas in many fields and is considered to represent the highest level of research on Chinese history in Japan. This book is the culmination of his forty years of research and teaching experience and is intended for general readers. It features a world history perspective and a socioeconomic history perspective. It has a plain writing style and bright thinking. It can closely combine exquisite empirical research with a magnificent general historical narrative, which embodies his research results and characteristics. The exquisite and profound Kyoto style of Eastern history, the ideas and perspectives that are in sharp contrast with domestic academic circles; almost all aspects involved in the book have been specially researched; the book places China in the process of world history, and uses the "boom history view" to explain It describes the ups and downs and rises and falls; almost never cites scriptures, and the discussion relies entirely on memory and insight; more than 300 subtitles and an average length of 800 words form an independent and coherent easy-to-read structure; the pleasant and hearty narrative is only to arouse the interest of ordinary readers. All this makes this general history of China have a profound academic background, a strong personal style, new inspiration and excellent readability.

The Xia Kingdom was a minority regime established by the Tiefu Xiongnu, a branch of the Xiongnu who migrated south from the north of my country during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. During its power period, it occupied an area roughly equivalent to today's northern Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and central Inner Mongolia. From the establishment of the regime in 407 to the capture of Helianding by Tuyuhun in 431, it existed for about 25 years. Based on previous relevant research, this book uses traditional history and other related disciplines to conduct a comprehensive and systematic discussion of the history of the Xia Kingdom. The book is divided into six chapters. It discusses six aspects: the formation of the Tiefu Xiongnu and their early activities, the establishment and development of the Xia regime, the decline of the Xia State and its historical impact, the political and military systems of the Xia State, the economy, culture and social life of the Xia State, and the study of the capital to rule Wancheng.

"Journal of Modern History" is a professional academic journal sponsored by the Institute of Modern History of China at Central China Normal University, a key research base for the humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education. It publishes the latest research results and information in the field of modern Chinese history from 1840 to 1949, including special discussions, research papers, research reviews, book reviews, historical factual examinations, scholars' letters, academic information, etc. This book is the 23rd volume and is divided into five parts: revolutionary history, financial and taxation history, ideological and cultural history research, socioeconomic history research, review and book review.

"A History of the Song Dynasty that will make you addicted after reading one page" consists of two parts. The first part, "The Elegance of the Song Dynasty" begins with Zhao Kuangyin wearing a yellow robe and founding the Song Dynasty. It shows the whole process of the Northern Song Dynasty from its prosperity to its decline until the Jingkang disaster and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. The second part of "Moving to the South and Expedition to the North" begins with Gaozong establishing the Southern Song Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River and then settling in a corner, constantly swinging between "Gouan" and "Northern Expedition". It writes about the entire process of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty when one hundred thousand soldiers and civilians jumped into the sea to die for their country. This set of books describes the magnificent rise and fall of the Song Dynasty over three hundred years with a complete timeline. It vividly restores the era of prosperity and wealth, which countless literati and officials yearned for, but at the same time it was weak and poor, with cultural rise and celebrities emerging in large numbers.

"Journal of Modern History" is a professional academic journal sponsored by the Institute of Modern History of China at Central China Normal University, a key research base for the humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education. It publishes the latest research results and information in the field of modern Chinese history from 1840 to 1949, including special discussions, research papers, research reviews, book reviews, historical factual examinations, scholars' letters, academic information, etc. This book is the 25th volume and is divided into six columns: special articles, higher education research, the "Great Divergence and Modernization" column, monographs, notes on reading history, and research on Nantong figures. It helps expand and deepen research in the field of modern history, especially modern economic history, and has high academic value.

This book is a review and summary of the author's academic career of more than 40 years. The content mainly includes the social class structure, industry and commerce, historical figures in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, etc., As well as the remembrance of some academic predecessors. Among them, the formation of the economic foundation of the gentry was discussed from the interaction between the development of productive forces and production relations, and it was proposed that the district land law that appeared in the Western Han Dynasty was essentially a production method that emerged due to the reaction of the superstructure on the economic base and the production relations on the productivity. This was unprecedented and refreshing. Introduce modern scientific concepts and use psychiatric knowledge to solve the eternal mystery of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty's establishment of heirs. In addition, he also puts forward unique insights into the role of people from poor families in the Eight Kings Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the rise of the gentry side branch during the war in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the merger and return of the Shandong gentry Guanfang branch and the Guanlong group, and other issues.

This book takes the historical evolution of modern China as the basic time clue and traces the development of modern Chinese English writings as a whole. On the premise of sorting out the bibliography of Chinese writings in English in different historical periods of modern China, the author explores the different writing themes that appeared in different historical periods, in order to present the general appearance of the special historical and cultural phenomenon of Chinese writing and translating in English since the late Qing Dynasty, and combines the characteristics of the times and the writers' personalities in different historical periods. Based on the person's identity and the specific context of writing, we conduct a case analysis of representative English translated texts in different periods, grasp the nationalist ideas contained in them and their presentation forms, thereby exploring the value of these works in the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West, and discovering the subtle twists and turns of modern nationalist ideas reflected in them.

The research object of this book is the activities of Protestant missionaries on the coast of South China from 1807 to 1851, and the content covers all aspects of this history. The religious activities of the Protestant missionaries, their role in Sino-foreign relations, the medical and educational activities they engaged in, missionaries and the spread of Western learning, missionaries and China studies in the modern West, and many other issues have been specifically and in-depth discussed in this book.

The exchange of envoys is the main form of the tribute system and an important way of interpersonal communication, cultural exchange and trade in the traditional era. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China and North Korea had close relations, and envoys had frequent exchanges, leaving a large number of relevant records such as "Envoys to North Korea", "Chaotian Records", and "Yanxing Records". This book uses these materials, combined with "Records of the Joseon Dynasty" and personal collections, to show the multiple aspects of the system, emotions and interests related to the imperial edict, so as to enrich our understanding of the history of Sino-Korean relations and the tribute and canonization system during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

This book takes "policy" and "countermeasures" as the pivot, and through the multi-dimensional mutual verification of imperial edicts, local memorials and administrative archives, it shows the complete chain of policy formulation, implementation and feedback from the Five Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It shows that the system is neither a one-way rigid constraint nor a simple game, but maintains the balance between the central and local governments through dynamic adjustment. The author abandons the static convention of "discussing institutions based on institutions" in traditional institutional history, and instead places institutions in dynamic political operations, revealing their linkage with human affairs and current situations. The book combines empirical research and interdisciplinary theory to redraw a three-dimensional picture of the political ecology from the Five Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Was Nanjing captured or liberated peacefully? The activities of the CCP's hidden front back then were by no means as simple as sneaking in spies. This book reflects the hidden front struggle in the heart of the Kuomintang rule and describes the important role this struggle played in the decisive battle that determined China's fate.

During the Anti-Japanese War, in addition to the contest of force on the battlefield, China and Japan also launched a large number of propaganda wars. This book discusses the progress of the propaganda war between China and Japan during the Anti-Japanese War, discusses the establishment and improvement process of the propaganda systems of China and Japan, respectively elaborates on the propaganda policies, propaganda effects and reasons of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Kuomintang and Japan on the "enemy, ourselves, and third parties" during the Anti-Japanese War, and then discusses the role and influence of propaganda in modern war.

This book is divided into two parts. The first part explores the Yangzhou internal circulation model embodied by the Southern Dynasty regime centered on Jiankang from the perspective of political power. It focuses on analyzing the dependence of the Jiankang regime on Yangzhou and its financial crisis from a financial perspective, as well as the related poverty problem of scholars. At the same time, starting from the relationship between monarchs and ministers, we discuss the relationship between monarchs and ministers in the Southern Dynasties, showing the self-enclosed nature of the regime and the rapid consumption of effective forces in the process of transferring imperial power, thus drawing the conclusion that the regime began to decline after the rise of the metropolitan area and took over Jiankang. The following part starts with the metropolitan area. Analyzing the formation of the independence of the Southern Dynasty's metropolitan areas, the confrontation with the Northern Dynasties allowed the military power to be maintained, and the governorship allowed it to gain financial independence. The relative autonomy of the officials in the jurisdiction and the supply of ordnance from the headquarters made the Southern Dynasty's metropolitan areas evolve into a highly independent "vassal-like town" form.

This book combines handed down documents to discuss the land system in the bamboo slips, especially the difficult issues that are controversial or unresolved in the academic circles. The book not only studies the land system in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties in detail, further expanding the depth and breadth of historical research, but also explores historical laws, strives to reveal the inner connection between the land system and ancient Chinese society, and summarizes historical experiences and lessons to provide some reference for today's social development. In terms of research methods, this book adheres to the guidance of Marxist historical materialism. On the basis of full possession of historical materials, it uses the dual evidence method and draws on relevant theories and methods such as economics, law, sociology, mathematics, etc. To conduct a comprehensive discussion on the issues related to the land system in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties from three aspects: macro, meso and micro.

This book understands the changes in rural society in Guangdong and Fujian in the Ming and Qing dynasties from the perspective of marine economy, emphasizing that the sea-based production and survival mode has unique rhythms and characteristics; at the same time, coastal areas cannot simply be regarded as a zone dividing the sea and land, but should be regarded as an activity area containing various people with different livelihoods. It advocates re-examining the relationship between people, sea and land from the perspective of water-land interaction. The book attempts to explore how the local people living at the junction of water and land, and the boundary between Fujian and Guangdong, created their living space and social order under the dynasty's military, political, and economic and social policies from the early Ming to the early Qing Dynasty, from the aspects of household registration status, economic production, social organization, and even ideological concepts of the people in the coastal areas of Guangdong and Fujian during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It also explains the relationship between the transformation of the dynastic system and the changes in the production and living patterns and social organization of the people in the coastal areas.

Mobil Oil Company was once the world's first trust company and had a decisive influence in the modern world. Since it entered China in the late Qing Dynasty, it was called a "giant spirit" by Liang Qichao. But there are big difficulties. As a company, although Mobil Oil maintains a high degree of autonomy, it is often restricted not only by the U. S. Government, but also by the governments of trade importing countries and investment host countries. In the context of the changing international political situation and the ever-changing situation in China, Mobil Oil's operations in China need to consider its own global business strategy, and also need to deal with various relationships with the US and Chinese governments and even local governments. Many decisions affect the whole body. Under the influence of various combined forces, this giant's operations in China began with the popularization of kerosene and ended with the oil embargo against China. This book focuses on the main events between Mobil and the Chinese government in modern times, showing the interest negotiations, mutual understanding and external influence between Mobil and the Chinese government in various historical periods, and revealing the extensive, complex and unique relationship between Mobil Oil Company, which is essentially a capitalist private enterprise, and the Chinese and U. S. Governments. At some important historical moments, the above-mentioned relationship not only reflected the role of Mobil Oil Company under the change of U. S. Policy towards China, but also influenced the Chinese government's petroleum industry concepts and actions to a certain extent. Therefore, understanding the development history of Mobil Oil Company in modern China also has certain reference significance for contemporary political economy. This book uses rich historical materials to provide vivid examples of the interaction between powerful American multinational corporations and the modern Chinese government.

After the May 4th Movement occurred, British and American newspapers in China at that time in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin and other places conducted a large number of follow-up reports on it. Judging from the reports of British and American newspapers at the time, they basically abided by the principle of journalistic authenticity and observed the movement from the unique perspective of bystanders. At the same time, these newspapers run by British and American people in China are inextricably linked to their own governments. Many of their reports also reflect the attitudes of their own governments towards this movement. They are the public opinion propaganda media of British and American countries in China. The author's observations of the May Fourth Movement by British and American people in China and newspapers have enriched our understanding of the multiple aspects of the May Fourth Movement. It also facilitated foreign readers at the time to understand the true situation of the movement, and helped to promote further in-depth related research.

"Xuanfu" refers to the propaganda and "pacification work" carried out by the Japanese and puppet authorities during the Anti-Japanese War to the people in the Japanese-occupied areas in order to make the people in the occupied areas "submit" to colonial rule. This book uses a large number of Japanese historical materials, including the archives of the Japanese invaders in China currently stored in the Defense Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense and the Diplomatic Historical Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as a large number of diaries, memoirs and other materials of Japanese military personnel ("propaganda members") who were engaged in specific "propaganda work" in China's occupied areas at that time. It analyzes the Japanese army's aggressive strategy, the changes in the "Xuanfu" system, the specific content of "Xuanfu", and the personal perceptions of the "Xuanfu", especially the reality of life, mentality and resistance of the Chinese people in the occupied areas under Japanese and puppet colonial rule that they observed, and then reveals the nature of Japanese aggression.

Since the surrender of the Renzong Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty government has carried out various military and political reforms with the goal of "strengthening the army" in response to threats from the west and the north. Relevant military policies not only formed long-lasting systems such as martial arts, martial arts, and armor protection, but also changed the foreign policy with "harmony" as the core. Starting from the Shenzong Dynasty, border expansion operations were actively carried out, changing the border defense situation that was previously controlled by the enemy. However, foreign wars consumed a large amount of materials and manpower, but achieved very limited results. This triggered fierce disputes about peace and war within the ruling class and became an unsolvable political problem. Therefore, the military and political reforms committed by the Song government had a far-reaching impact and are an issue that must be paid attention to in understanding the historical development of the second half of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In 1894, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 broke out, and by 1904, calls for the establishment of a constitution were rising. Modern Chinese society experienced a critical turning point. In the past ten years, internal and external troubles were frequent, which led to fluctuations in the Qing court and political tides. During this period, Ronglu, a Manchu dignitary who was deeply trusted by Cixi, played an extremely important role. This book is a revised version of "Rong Lu and the Political Situation of the Late Qing Dynasty". The author has made many revisions and added some pictures. By studying and analyzing the complex performance of Ronglu during this period, the book has great significance for understanding the changes and trends of politics in the late Qing Dynasty.

"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

The academic symposium "Searching for the Sails: The Maritime Silk Road from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage" was jointly organized by the China Maritime Museum in Shanghai, Shanghai Normal University, the Maritime History and Culture Research Committee of the Chinese Maritime Society, and the Maritime Museum Professional Committee of the Chinese Museum Association. It was held on October 17-18, 2020 at Held in Shanghai, it further explains the history and culture of the "Maritime Silk Road" from the perspective of cultural heritage from many perspectives such as "Maritime Silk Road" artifacts and archeology, "Maritime Silk Road" trade and institutions, "Maritime Silk Road" routes and documents, "Maritime Silk Road" culture and society, etc., And promotes cooperation and exchanges in related research fields. This collection of papers is composed of selected papers from the conference.

"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

The Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences holds a youth academic symposium every year, and collects and publishes papers submitted by participants. It has been published continuously since 2000, which can be described as a record of the growth of young scholars at the Institute of Modern History. This book is a 2018 volume and contains 13 papers. It is mainly based on empirical case studies and covers many topics such as the politics and diplomacy of the Qing Dynasty, the ideological history of the late Qing and the Republic of China, academic history, institutional history, military history, etc.

The land tenancy system has lasted for thousands of years in Chinese history, covering at least one-third of the land and population in modern times. It forms an important foundation for traditional Chinese society and is an important part of understanding traditional Chinese society. Based on previous research, this book discusses some important issues of the land tenancy system in modern China and puts forward several different viewpoints. Through in-depth and detailed research, the book proves that although the land tenancy system in modern China had its inherent flaws, it was a relatively effective system that adapted to the specific social and economic conditions of modern China.

After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming survivors and the Qing court engaged in a political contest for nearly half a century. This was not only a process of interaction and adjustment between the Ming survivors and the Qing court, but also a process in which the Ming survivors' firm stance withstood the passage of time and dilution. During this period, although the survivors of the Ming Dynasty had a strong sense of identity, insisted on being physically and mentally loyal to the old king of their motherland, and deliberately shaped themselves, the difficulties in life and the depression of spirit forced them to constantly explore the "acting in line with the Tao" in their lives. Therefore, in terms of life management practices and social interactions, Ming survivors showed various forms; in terms of considering "Tao", they were more "focused on the end", re-constructing the rationality and legitimacy of survival in the Qing Dynasty, and pursuing a new self-positioning and life value.

Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty played an important role in the history of Chinese capital development. In particular, it made epoch-making changes in the expansion of the south of the city. It set a precedent for the construction of Luoyang across the Luoshui River in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and had a great influence on later generations. However, compared with the prosperity of research on palaces, squares, markets, temples, gardens, etc., The research on the southern part of Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty was slightly quiet. This book uses relevant literature and archaeological data, and uses the core theory of historical geography - man-land relations, from the perspective of the relationship between residents and the living environment, to try to reveal that the rich and colorful history and culture in the south of Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty was the product of the residents' different utilization levels and methods of the living environment.

"Modern Northeastern China and Japanese Studies" is sponsored by the Institute of Japanese Studies at Northeast Normal University. It is based on Northeastern China, integrates research resources on Manchukuo and Japan in the Northeastern region, and is committed to the study of politics, economy, society and other aspects of Northeastern China in modern times. This book is the third volume. It discloses modern Japan's territorial aggression, ideological control, economic plunder, and cultural control in Northeast China from the ideological, political, economic, social, and cultural fields.

This book brings together important arguments on the relationship between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Christianity. It is one of the series of books "Compilation of Important Documents on Chinese Christianity". The content involves a review of the historical status and nature of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a discussion of the relationship between Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Catholicism and Christian forms, a study of the relationship between Taiping Heavenly Kingdom religious concepts and the text of the Bible, and a comparison of the thoughts of Hong Xiuquan, Hong Rengan, Kang Youwei and other figures. A total of 31 articles are included, including representative views of famous scholars such as Feng Youlan, Li Zehou, Luo Ergang, Jian Youwen, Wang Qingcheng, and Xia Chuntao. Centered on the two giants of Taixue, Luo Ergang and Jian Youwen, various arguments about the relationship between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Christianity are presented in this collection.

"Research on Taiping Rebellion and Late Qing Society" is an academic special issue sponsored by the China Taiping Rebellion History Research Association, a national first-level society approved by the Ministry of Civil Affairs. This journal mainly publishes research articles on relevant historical facts and theories about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the late Qing Dynasty (1840-1911). Its purpose is to maintain a rigorous and solid academic style and expand the breadth and depth of research on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the late Qing history with objective and rational research concepts. This collection contains a total of 15 articles, divided into five parts: "Research on the History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Late Qing Dynasty", "Reminiscence of the Forefathers", "Compilation and Research of Materials", "Academic Review" and "Book Review".

"Qing History Essays" reaches 2019, it has been 40 years. Although the academic journey over the past forty years has gone through ups and downs, the journal's steady progress relies on a group of teachers and colleagues who have firm ideals, sincere feelings, and the courage to devote themselves to scientific research. In order to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the founding of this journal, the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of Ancient History has selected representative articles that highlight the research trends of Qing history from the articles published in the past 40 years, so as to more fully present the scientific research level and academic style of Qing history scholars over the past 40 years, outline the academic development trajectory of Qing history research over the past century, and provide useful reference for contemporary scholars.

"Qing History Series" is sponsored by the Qing History Research Office of the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It is a collection of academic papers on Qing history research at home and abroad. It was founded in 1979. This collection has wide influence at home and abroad, and is highly valued by the academic community. Its important features are concentrated research, rigorous academic style, and grasp of academic frontiers. The articles included in the book include both research articles on the critical history of the Qing Dynasty and research articles on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. It includes both erudite Hongci research on the traditional culture of the Qing Dynasty and articles on the exchange of local Chinese and Western cultures in the Qing Dynasty.

"Research on Taiping Rebellion and Late Qing Society" is an academic special issue sponsored by the China Taiping Rebellion History Research Association, a national first-level society approved by the Ministry of Civil Affairs. This journal mainly publishes research articles on relevant historical facts and theories about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the late Qing Dynasty (1840-1911). Its purpose is to maintain a rigorous and solid academic style and expand the breadth and depth of research on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the late Qing history with objective and rational research concepts. This collection contains a total of 14 articles, divided into four parts: "Research on the History of the Taiping Rebellion", "Research on the Society of the Late Qing Dynasty", "Notes on Historical Reading", "Academic Review" and "Selected Historical Materials".

"Republic of China Studies" is an academic special issue sponsored by the Research Center for the History of the Republic of China at Nanjing University, a key research base in the humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education. It mainly publishes research articles on relevant historical facts and theories about the Republic of China period (1912-1949). It is now a CSSCI source publication. This volume is the 37th in total, with a total of 16 articles. It is divided into six columns: research on the history of the Anti-Japanese War, society and culture of the Republic of China, economy of the Republic of China, review of academic history, book reviews, and review of overseas historical materials. The content covers the politics, economy, thought, culture and other aspects of the Republic of China.