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This book takes the National Grain Administration, a central-level specialized grain administration agency first established by the National Government from August 1940 to July 1941, as the research object. Focusing on the important transitional node from "freedom" to "control" of food during wartime, this book conducts a comprehensive investigation of the establishment and development, personnel changes, grain policy implementation, interactive games, and role play of the National Grain Administration. This book points out that the establishment of the National Grain Management Bureau was not only an "emergency" means to deal with the food crisis in an increasingly tense war situation, a useful exploration to support the Anti-Japanese War, but also played a "buffering" role in integrating food management into the wartime economic system. However, the National Grain Management Bureau failed to achieve "immediate results". In addition, factional struggles within the Kuomintang and the food crisis further intensified. It was abolished in less than a year and replaced by the Ministry of Grain. Certain policies of the National Grain Management Bureau laid the foundation for the Ministry of Grain to control grain.

This book focuses on the literary historical facts of the spread of late-Victorian naturalism in Britain. It takes the critical debates and interactive mechanisms in the spread of French naturalist writers' works in the UK as the research object. It mainly uses theories such as genetics, communication, and reception aesthetics. On the basis of exploring the "worldliness" of naturalism, it systematically conducts a multi-dimensional investigation and in-depth exploration of the process, morphological characteristics, reasons for resistance, effects, and historical evolution of the spread of naturalism in the UK, and outlines the three-dimensional scene of the spread of naturalism in the UK.

"Global History Review" was founded in 2008 by the Global History Research Center of Capital Normal University, with Professors Liu Xincheng and Liu Wenming as chief editors. It is committed to promoting the research perspective and methods of global history in the Chinese history academic circle, advocating research on cross-cultural, cross-national, and long-term historical phenomena, focusing on revealing the interaction and exchanges of civilizations in a global perspective, and exploring the globalization process in politics, economy, and culture, and its interaction with local characteristics.

In recent years, the study of Chinese historical sociology has been in the ascendant. If the construction of Chinese sociological discourse system is the historical mission of contemporary Chinese sociology, the exploration of Chinese historical sociology is the foundation and soul of constructing the Chinese sociological discourse system. The methodology and case studies of Chinese historical sociology, which connect ancient and modern times and forge social reality and deep historical consciousness and structures, will deepen and expand the explanatory power of sociological theory, thereby constructing an explanatory framework and theoretical system rooted in Chinese local society. Based on this, this book strives to comprehensively present Fei Xiaotong's pioneering contributions in Chinese historical sociology, comprehensively introduce Fei Xiaotong's academic contributions in historical sociology, and deeply explore the classic concepts, theoretical systems and research methodologies of historical sociology proposed by Fei Xiaotong. Rediscover the overlooked or underestimated historical aspects and historical perspectives in Fei Xiaotong's thoughts, thereby continuing the academic trend of localization of sociology and starting the journey of Chinese historical sociology.

Based on the academic trajectory of research on the political history of the late Qing Dynasty over the past 60 years, this book reviews and summarizes ten thematic historical studies in the political history of the late Qing Dynasty. The ten special histories are: research on the history of the Second Opium War, research on the history of the Second Opium War, research on the history of the Taiping Rebellion, research on the history of the Westernization Movement, research on the history of the Sino-French War, research on the history of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1898, research on the history of the Reform Movement of 1898, research on the history of the Boxer Rebellion, research on the history of the Revolution of 1911, and research on the history of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. This book generally adopts the "problem-centered" academic writing method of subject history, and conducts an academic review of the research on each topic history from both vertical and horizontal dimensions. It not only reveals the process of each topic history in the past 60 years vertically, but also horizontally displays the major academic issues and academic viewpoints in the research on each topic history, in order to achieve the purpose of "distinguishing academic chapters and examining their origins".

This book was revised by the author from the 2015 National Social Science Foundation project "Research on Early Modern Agricultural Society in India from the Perspective of Tribal Social Theory". In the academic context of the turn of Indian historiography in contemporary international academic circles, this book comprehensively and meticulously examines the different interpretations of orthodox Indian historiography and new Indian historiography on early modern agricultural society in India and the Mughal Empire, and creatively proposes a theory of historical space. In addition, the author further examines the historical issues of orthodox Indian historiography and new Indian historiography, and analyzes the specific historical context of the emergence of orthodox Indian historiography and new Indian historiography from the perspective of intellectual history. This book is the first monographic work on the turn of Indian history in domestic academic circles. Its publication will greatly update our knowledge of Indian history and have a profound impact on the research on Indian history in domestic academic circles.

Based on the positive and negative arguments about empire by ancient Greek historians, this book outlines the historical evolution of the international political concept of imperialism. This book reinterprets the first volume of Thucydides' history as follows: Thucydides wrote the pre-war Spartan citizens' meeting as a court debate against Athens; later, a metaphor of "tyrant city-state" that the Athenians themselves were not taboo about was the "crime" of Athens in this "trial". This metaphor and this debate are central to Thucydides' characterization and historiographical dialectic of Athenian imperialism. The drastic changes in anti-tyrant laws in Athens during the Peloponnesian War were the reasons why Thucydides chose this metaphor and wrote this debate. Through Thucydides, the "tyrant city" metaphor and this debate became the Westphalian voice of the ancient Greek city-state system.

In the pre-modern East Asian world, "China", "Zhonghua" or "Huaxia" were more of a label for civilization, and they were quite homogeneous with neighboring Korea and Vietnam, which shared the Confucian value system of ancient China. They either call themselves Little China, or claim to be "Little China", which is true for the saying that "all the rituals, music, cultural relics, people's customs and practices are all imitated by the imperial dynasty." The eunuch system also imitated China, and eunuchs were often used as tribute. Especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties when the tributary system was the most typical, Annan and Korea, which bordered China, paid the most tribute, becoming the largest source of foreign eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty. This group of outsiders who were closest to the Ming emperor were often sent back to their place of origin as envoys, becoming the most active group on the regional stage in pre-modern East Asia. They even affected the internal affairs and diplomacy of the central dynasty and surrounding vassal states, and can provide a new entry point for interpreting regional relations in East Asia.

Tuyuhun is one of the local ethnic minority regimes established from the source of the Yellow River in the northwest to the Tao River basin in my country from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because it was exposed to different geopolitical relationships at different historical stages, its traffic pattern has always undergone different changes. This is not only the result of the constraints of its living environment, but also the result of the changing relationship with its surroundings during its development process. During the special historical period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, although Tuyuhun's internal traffic was cramped and concentrated, its external traffic was very long and extensive. This reflected the difficulty of the Tuyuhun regime in establishing a foothold in the Hetao area. In particular, the pre-Qin, Western Qin, Southern Liang, Northern Wei and other regimes strongly squeezed the Tuyuhun's activity range from north to south. Although it restricted the tribe's development in the Hetao River Basin, it also promoted its development on the "Tuyuhun Road". In short, the changes and characteristics of the Tuyuhun traffic pattern can be reflected that during most of the period of its founding, the Tuyuhun regime was in a state of rushing westward and southward on the Tuyuhun Road, constantly seeking a foothold.

This book is divided into two parts. The first part is an examination of new materials such as the Song Dynasty documents on the backs of Chinese books collected by Japan's Tenri Library, the Qing Dynasty pamphlet documents collected by Japan's Waseda University Library, and the new issues found in materials such as "Records of a Pilgrimage to the Tang Dynasty to Seek Dharma." The second part is a compilation of newly discovered Binzhou folk documents.

Datong is located in the northern part of the Shanxi Plateau and the center of the Datong Basin. It is known as the "Key to the North" because it guards the choke points of Shanxi, Hebei and Mongolia. Since ancient times, northern nomads and Central Plains farming people have competed for important territory. Datong City is one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities approved by the State Council. The long history of urban development before the Qing Dynasty has been evolving under the alternating rule of the Han nationality and ethnic minority regimes, with distinctive characteristics of ethnic integration. The history of urban development of Datong is a typical inland frontier city in northern my country. This book systematically analyzes the urban transformation process of Datong from a historical geographical perspective and believes that it presents an urban spatial development pattern centered on the "outer city" of Pingcheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty, a functional urban setting with a "military town" as the main line, an urban street layout based on the "lifang structure", and an urban residential structure based on diverse integration. "Ethnic relations" are the macro-political factors that influence the development of Datong City, "One Belt and One Land" are the meso-level geographical factors that determine the functional positioning of Datong City, and "important border defense towns" are the micro-military factors that shape the urban construction pattern of Datong. Systematically summarizing the evolution patterns of Datong's urban historical geography is of great significance for expanding the field of urban historical geography research and providing theoretical support for urban development.

This book examines the nearly 70-year relationship between China and Ryukyu in the early Ming Dynasty from the overall perspective of the evolution of the East Asian regional order. By searching relevant historical materials and relying on important exchange events such as Fengtianmen Xiaoyu, Yang Zaikong, Li Hao Shima, Liang Min's envoy, Dibaonu migration, Lu Yuan's envoy, Chaishan's crossing to Ryukyu, etc., We analyze the development and evolution of the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and Ryukyu, and also With its inherent connections with the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Goryeo, Korea, Japan, Japanese pirates, etc., We try to construct a three-dimensional, dynamic, and systematic "relationship between China and Ryukyu in the early Ming Dynasty" to highlight the extensive linkage of relations between East Asian countries in the early Ming Dynasty and the complex process of regional order construction.

The manuscript mainly selects several milestones in the construction, expansion and major renovation of Guyuan City, describing the history of its construction and development. The ancient city of Guyuan was built during the Warring States Period. Gaoping County was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and Anding County was established during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Guyuan City is located in the northern section of the eastern section of the Silk Road that must pass through. It has an important military geographical location and a high level of local political power. It is a famous historical city in the northwest.

This book contains 24 articles, which mainly include four parts. The first part discusses the origin, evolution, functions and mutual relationships of postal institutions in Qin and Han dynasties based on sorting out academic history; the second part mainly discusses the sending, receiving, delivery and management of official documents in Qin and Han dynasties; the third part is a miscellaneous examination of postal staff, involving The history of county governors, frontier fortresses, prisoners serving in various post agencies, and the Chinese Qiang people; the fourth part examines the migration of Wuwei prefectures and the establishment of Juyan counties in the Han Dynasty. Its content is closely related to the management of post offices, so it is placed at the end of the article as an "Appendix".

This book conducts a systematic study of the imperial family system in Japan during the historical period from the maturity of royal power in the Asuka period to the end of the ancient emperor system in the Heian period. On the one hand, it comprehensively analyzes the relationship between imperial relatives and the ancient emperor system in different periods vertically and its status and role in ancient political and social life; on the other hand, it systematically examines the imperial succession system, title designation system, official appointment system, fiefdom system, marriage system, surname granting system and Saio system related to imperial relatives horizontally, and explores the relationship between these systems and the ancient emperor system. While examining the development and evolution of the imperial family system in ancient Japan, this book also pays as much attention as possible to the similarities and differences between the imperial family systems in ancient China and Japan.

In accordance with the internal logic of the evolution of modern Chinese culture, this book adopts a writing strategy that focuses on key areas and takes into account innovative fields. It focuses on the research process, theoretical methods, modern cultural debates, modern cultural trends, modern literature and art history, modern education history, the spread of Western learning to the east and the history of modern academic science and technology, the history of modern newspapers and periodicals, modern sports, health and cultural facilities, and modern cultural history research. 10 Aspects of modern regional cultural history. The final chapter concludes with "The Road to Breakthrough of Social and Cultural History Research". On the basis of discussing the development history of modern Chinese cultural history research and its outstanding achievements, it analyzes the current new challenges faced by the current Chinese modern cultural history, especially the social and cultural history research, and its breakthrough path, providing preliminary opinions on the future development direction of Chinese modern Chinese cultural history research.

This book explains the origin, structure, identification methods of ancient towns, and briefly introduces the ancient cities of Liao and Jin Dynasties between the White Mountains and Black Waters. It starts from the administrative institutions of the Liao and Jin Dynasties and conducts special research based on the construction time of the ancient city, the geographical location of the administrative institutions, the evolution of the administrative institutions, the historical status of the ancient city, and the protection and utilization of the ruins. I hope it can provide research methods and techniques for researchers of Liao and Jin history and geography or readers who are interested in Liao and Jin history and geography, as well as inspire thinking on research issues on Liao and Jin history and geography.

The whole book is divided into two parts. The first part contains ten papers, which examine the political and religious relations, legal documents and Zoroastrian wind gods in Sasanian Persia. At the same time, the Sogdian marriage contract in Mugshan and the legal status of Sogdian women in medieval times were studied. The article also touches on the issue of Nestorianism and Manichaeism, which also originated in Persia, being introduced into China along the Silk Road. The opening chapter commemorates Mr. Cai Hongsheng, as well as the ten book reviews and conference summaries included in the second part. They mainly review several works related to the Silk Road and East-West cultural exchanges, especially the spread of ancient Iranian civilization to the east, in order to illustrate the author's academic connection with the study of Persian civilization and ancient China.

Wars, plagues, rebellions, religious and dynastic conflicts changed the distribution of power between them, as well as their structures, and many of the social, intellectual and political foundations of ancient Europe were laid. The masses of the people suffered the direct and indirect effects of the war, but limited and authoritarian governments and various social groups strengthened themselves. In this book, the author discusses the transfer of power and command of the sea lanes of northwest Europe, the defeat of the Habsburg regime in Spain and Germany, and their restoration of power in Bohemia, and assesses the internal costs of France's victory over Spain in the 1650s and its position, with the large immediate benefits gained by the smaller ones, the Netherlands and Sweden.

During the Merovingian Dynasty, as the Frank monarchs relied more and more on the orthodox Christian church, the convening of academic councils with a "collegial spirit" gradually rose from church tradition to state behavior. The canonical rules and decrees formulated by the Frankish religious and secular elites in response to many practical issues during the meeting greatly changed the power structure, royal power theory, ethnic consciousness, internal and external order, and social atmosphere of the Frankish community to a great extent, and then created an "early Frankish state" with ecclesiastical characteristics in the post-Roman Mediterranean world.

This book mainly studies the historical development of the 27 EU member states. The time span is from prehistory to the present day, covering the historical process, national formation, state construction, and international relations of the EU member states. The book is divided into chapters based on geographical location and country. It is divided into 5 chapters: Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe. It is divided into sections based on specific countries. It includes 27 member states of the European Union. It integrates relevant historical documents from China and abroad, and includes the latest research results in the field of world history. This book analyzes relevant historical events from the perspectives of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, summarizes the laws of historical development, and discusses the process of European civilization, thereby providing first-hand information for relevant EU research.

Cheng Fengxiang compiled "Southern Kamu Chronicles", which was published in April of the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1911). It is the earliest known local chronicle of southeastern Tibet and the only local chronicle document in the Qing Dynasty that specifically records the border areas of Tibet. This book is based on the original copy collected by the Minzu University of China. It comprehensively collates and organizes this local chronicle of Tibet in the Qing Dynasty, and conducts a detailed examination of its compilation, writing process, style and content, data sources, status value and many other aspects. The publication of this book is not only an important result of the excavation, compilation, research and utilization of ancient Chinese Tibetan books, but also provides strong local evidence that my country has absolute sovereignty and exercises effective jurisdiction over the disputed areas on the Sino-Indian border.

On the basis of fully absorbing previous research results, based on detailed historical materials, and based on agglomeration economics, this book examines and theoretically analyzes issues such as industrial agglomeration, capital agglomeration, and population agglomeration in Shanxi during the Qing Dynasty, as well as the urban agglomeration ultimately caused by the above agglomeration phenomena. , While enriching the research results of Shanxi towns in the Qing Dynasty, it also conducts an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the formation of the contemporary Shanxi urban system, which reflects the endogenous characteristics of China's social and economic development at that time, and allows readers to have a more comprehensive understanding of the urban development status of central China in the Qing Dynasty. While providing a new perspective for the study of regional economic history, it also draws lessons from the past and provides reference for contemporary resource-based provinces to take the path of centralized urbanization development and the development of regional industrial clusters in the future.

"A Story of Spring and Autumn Period" is the second book in the "A Story of Spring and Autumn Period" series. It mainly tells the stories of the Spring and Autumn Period from 700 BC to 664 BC. This series of books is based on "Spring and Autumn", with "Historical Records" and "Guoyu" as main supplements. At the same time, it is written with reference to dozens of other related books. Different from other vernacular versions of "Spring and Autumn", the "A Story of Spring and Autumn" series adds background information such as calendars, rituals, systems, and character relationships based on the original historical materials, connects the events of the Spring and Autumn Period in series, and forms opinions and judgments based on a large number of historical materials to facilitate readers to understand this period of history more clearly. "A Story of Spring and Autumn" was originally an audio program. After being reorganized, revised, and supplemented, it finally formed the current series of "A Story of Spring and Autumn". Each chapter in the book contains a QR code of the original audio program, which can be read by reference to each other. "Spring and Autumn" is one of the Six Classics of Confucian classics in ancient China, and it is also China's first chronological history book. Its writing is subtle but explicit, ambitious but obscure, euphemistic and comprehensive, exhaustive but not dirty, punishing evil and encouraging good. It is known as the Spring and Autumn writing style and the subtle words and great meaning. The Six Classics of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the Five Classics of the early Han Dynasty, the Seven Classics of the Three Kingdoms of the Later Han Dynasty, the Twelve Classics of the Tang Dynasty, and the Thirteen Classics of the Southern Song Dynasty and later all have references to Spring and Autumn.

This book is an academic treatise on the history of Chinese and Japanese historiography and historical thought from a comparative cultural perspective. The book takes "historical materials", "historians", "historical uses", "historical sayings" and "historiography" as its five major themes. It identifies a number of key points and characteristic topics in the development of Chinese and Japanese historiography, analyzes them one by one, and discusses them together, in order to outline the basic features of the evolution of traditional historiography and the transformation of modern historiography in China and Japan in the context of global historiography.

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were a period of long-term ethnic divisions that followed the unification of the Qin and Han dynasties. The Western Jin Dynasty fell, and the Han nationality was forced to move out of the Yellow River Basin. It was replaced by the rise of many Hu nationality regimes in the Central Plains. Chinese culture faced the danger of interrupting its development. It was the Tuoba tribe who took advantage of the time and established the Northern Wei Empire. They shouldered the historical mission of ending the Sixteen Kingdoms, unifying the Yellow River Basin, and starting a new unification of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, so that Chinese civilization could continue, enrich and develop. The Northern Wei Empire occupied a very important historical position in continuing the continuous development of Chinese civilization. The reason why the Northern Wei Empire was able to complete this historical mission was that it recognized Chinese orthodoxy, boldly carried out Sinicization reforms, bravely absorbed Han culture, and found its own historical position from traditional Chinese culture. This book collects a total of 7 articles, of which 5 were published in various journals and 2 were published for the first time. Although these articles were written and published at different times, they express the theme of the Northern Wei Dynasty's position in the continuous development of Chinese civilization with strict logic and interlocking with each other. Therefore, they were published under the title "Research on the Position of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Chain of the Continuous Development of Chinese Civilization".

This book is a multi-disciplinary empirical material using history, geography, archaeology, etc., Starting from the source of the Silk Road in prehistoric times to the contemporary "Belt and Road" spatial pattern, and discusses the formation, development and trade exchanges of the main routes of the Silk Road. This book has a broad vision, covers ancient and modern times, and covers both China and the West. It is an academic work with detailed historical facts, vivid writing, and strong readability.

When the Mongolian nation had not yet been formed, let alone the ancient age of the country, when scattered Mongolian clans and tribes lived together in Southern Siberia and Central Asia, heroic epics appeared and gradually developed, reflecting the marital struggles and foreign wars of the Mongolian clans and tribes. During those long years, many brave and fearless heroes appeared in the Mongolian clans and tribes. In order to defend their hometown and people, they fought long and arduous struggles against foreign provocateurs and invaders. The epic poems eulogized their perseverance and heroic spirit. These epics are of high ideological, visual and artistic quality. This book is based on the author's research on living Mongolian epics and singing artists. Through a series of papers, this book explores the origin and development of primitive epics from multiple angles.

This book explains the changes in the mountains, lakes, dam fields, and cultivated land near Dianchi Lake and Kunming's urban and rural areas during urbanization. It examines the layout of mountains and water in old Kunming, ox plow farming, worship of the Dragon King, spring festivals, temple fairs, immigrants from Yunnan, and other ancient customs. Finally, it ends with the disappearing ancient Kunming city. It is full of the author's appreciation and sigh for Kunming's past, and his deep concern for Kunming's future direction. This book uses historical documents to prove its academic quality and credibility. It is not satisfied with a "shallow description" of what was seen, heard and felt during fieldwork. Instead, it carefully and rigorously compares and corroborates the data obtained from the investigation with historical documents, thus highlighting the "disappearing streets" and "urban and rural changes".

This book is dedicated to my two Rwandan colleagues, Jean-Népomucène Nkurikiyimfura and Jean Rumiya. The former is a Tutsi and the latter is a Hutu in an inter-ethnic marriage. Both are excellent and young historians with unlimited futures. Nkuliki Imfula was not involved in politics and accepted the pre-violent Habyarimana regime. Rumia was actively involved in politics. As the Habyarimana regime gradually moved to extremes, some intellectuals began to advocate for the regime, and Rumia also joined this camp for a time. However, Rumia later came to his senses, became righteous, and opposed the killings that were about to be carried out by the crazy extremist forces. Two people were tragically killed during the genocide. During that special period, some of their colleagues flattered the very demons they should have denounced, but they upheld the integrity and dignity of our profession.

This book proposes a "1+2+3+4+5+6" knowledge framework about Latin America and the Caribbean, which is to regard the region as a whole and divide the countries in the region into two groups (Latin American countries and Caribbean countries). From the spatial dimension, the region is divided into three sub-geographical regions (Central America, the Caribbean, and South America) according to geographical location. From the time dimension, the development process of Latin America and the Caribbean is divided into four historical stages (the period of the formation of ancient indigenous agricultural civilization and land ownership, the period of colonial rule and the formation of large estates, the period of Caudillo's administration and the prosperity of primary product exports, and the period of populism and development transformation). For major Latin American countries, this book focuses on five aspects: economy, natural environment, society, politics, and international relations, while highlighting the respective characteristics of different countries. Land ownership, large estates, Caudilloism, populism, structuralism, and neoliberalism are six important historical and realistic clues that influence the development of Latin America and the Caribbean.

Baker and Pompage capture the collision between disparate groups, including urban nationalists, ambitious generals, communist rebels, and business politicians, as they sought control of the nation-state in the 20th century. They trace Thailand's economic changes through the highs and lows of economic prosperity, globalization, and the evolution of mass society. This book sheds light on recent political, social, and economic developments in Thailand, including the 2006 military coup, the violent street politics of May 2010, and the landmark 2011 general election and its aftermath. It reveals how, in Thailand today, the monarchy, the military, business and new popular movements play a role in complex conflicts over the nature and future of democracy in the country.

This book is based on the author's more than a dozen papers and related writings that have been published on the study of Hebei during the Han Dynasty. Integrating and deepening these contents constitutes the main body of this book, and at the same time, attention is paid to absorbing new research results in the academic world and supplementing contents that have not been studied or are weakly studied in the past. This arrangement can present the appearance of Hebei in the Han Dynasty more comprehensively and systematically than the collection of essays. The main issues discussed include: the political overview of Hebei during the Two Han Dynasties and its impact on economic development; the geographical environment of the development of Hebei during the Two Han Dynasties and its relationship with economic development; the administrative regions and population of Hebei during the Two Han Dynasties; the agriculture, handicrafts, cities, transportation and commerce in Hebei during the Two Han Dynasties; the ideology and culture of Hebei during the Two Han Dynasties; the relationship between the development of Hebei during the Two Han Dynasties and the development of the Han Dynasty, etc.

"Song History Research Series" is a collection of academic papers sponsored by the Song History Research Center of Hebei University, a key research base for humanities and social sciences in provincial universities under the Ministry of Education founded by the late famous historian Qi Xia. This collection focuses on "new materials, new methods, and new perspectives" in academic research, and mainly publishes academic papers in the field of Song history, as well as the history of Liao, Xia, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties. This is the 37th series and includes 35 academic papers, divided into columns such as research on the political system of the Song Dynasty, research on the military history of the Song Dynasty, research on the social and economic history of the Song Dynasty, research on the legal history of the Song Dynasty, research on the cultural history of the Song Dynasty, literature and textual research on the Song Dynasty, research on the history of the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and research summaries and reviews. The papers published in this volume either propose new insights through research or textual research, or unearth new historical materials. They are the latest research results on relevant issues in the academic community and can be used as a reference for researchers and enthusiasts of the history of the Song, Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

J

This book is a political and cultural history volume in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Regional History and Culture Research Series. The book is divided into three parts: the first, middle and second parts. The first part, "The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in Ancient Times", is divided into four chapters to describe the historical changes of the Greater Bay Area in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han, Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties, the Song, Yuan and Ming and Qing dynasties. The middle part, "The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in Modern Times", mainly introduces the invasion of the Greater Bay Area by foreign powers in the modern period and the people in the Greater Bay Area. The process of achieving liberation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China; the second part, "Contemporary Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area", focuses on the arduous exploration of the road of socialist construction led by the party in the Greater Bay Area after the founding of New China, demonstrates the great achievements of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, and demonstrates the proud achievements of the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the new era. In the new era, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is accelerating towards the goal of becoming a world-class bay area and a world-class city agglomeration, showing unprecedented vitality. Looking back at the footsteps of the old men of history who have stumbled on this fertile soil for thousands of years, we are filled with emotion. The ups and downs in the past are still worth learning from, and the successes in the past are still worth our faith. The road ahead will become wider and wider!

The Institute of Japan, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was established in May 1981 with the approval of the State Council. It is an academic institution and think tank affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences that specializes in the study of contemporary Japanese issues. In order to speed up the construction of the subject system, academic system and discourse system of Japanese studies with Chinese characteristics, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Japan Institute, we have specially organized the leaders of various disciplines of the institute and appropriately recruited experts from outside the institute to systematically review the relevant research results and disciplinary developments in the nine fields of Japanese politics, economy, diplomacy, Sino-Japanese relations, security, society, culture, history and thought in the past 40 years. On the basis of summarizing the development patterns, main characteristics and existing problems of Japanese studies, we look forward to the future development direction. Discipline review is a basic work for discipline construction. I hope this book will be a reference for domestic and foreign international relations academic circles and promote further innovative development of contemporary Japanese studies.

This book mainly studies the content and implementation of military rituals in the Tang Dynasty. Whether they are military rituals that are included in rituals such as "The Kaiyuan Rites of the Tang Dynasty" or other military rituals that are not recorded, in-depth analysis and research are needed to clarify the dialectical relationship between the ritual content and actual practice, and to provide an in-depth interpretation and explanation of its characteristics and significance. Although the discussion in this book focuses on the military rituals of the Tang Dynasty, the narrative process is not limited to the Tang Dynasty, but extends forward and backward, in order to place it within the context of the evolution and development of military rituals throughout the medieval era, fully display the specific details and historical status of its inheritance and evolution, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the military rituals and military rituals of the Tang Dynasty. The relationship between law, military rituals and military music, the social phenomenon of using soldiers as a salute in the Tang Dynasty, and the mixture of vehicle uniforms, bureaucracy, and other good and bad etiquette in the Tang Dynasty military rituals will be demonstrated in detail to comprehensively understand the implementation scope and characteristics of the Tang Dynasty military rituals, as well as the original social history of the Tang Dynasty that it reflects.

This volume focuses on the spatial cognition of European prehistoric peoples and their ability to transmit cartographic concepts through media such as petroglyphs; surveying, geodesy, and architectural plans in ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern cartography; the emergence of theoretical and practical cartographic knowledge in the Greco-Roman world; and the diverse cartographic traditions that coexisted during the medieval period. Moreover, by including cosmographic maps and celestial maps among the research objects, it emphasized the inclusiveness of the definition of "map", thereby getting rid of the traditional narrow research scope that only focused on land maps and nautical charts, and thus influenced the writing of subsequent volumes of the series. In addition, the book begins with "The Development of Maps and the History of Cartography" written by Harry as an introduction to the entire series, and Chapter 21, which serves as the conclusion, discusses the ruptures, cognitive transformations and social background in the development of European maps.

This book is based on Marx's saying that "philosophers only explain the world in different ways, and the problem is to change the world." It combines philosophical hermeneutics to examine the theoretical relationship between thinking forms and interpretive behavior, conducts semantic analysis of the basic concepts of hermeneutics, examines the occurrence and initial shape of human interpretive behavior, leads to the generation mechanism and original form of human thought, and extracts the leaping characteristics of civilization development. Reveal the foundational role of perceptual intuition and "seeing" behavior in early human thought, describe the basic process from the emergence of language to the emergence of text, reproduce the conceptual facts of mankind's first great separation of politics and religion and the first great renewal of the relationship between man and God, explore the ideographic nature and cognitive significance of Chinese characters, examine the original form of history and the early gradual relationship between quality and text, and indicate that recording events in poetry is a common practice in the early history of the world. The whole book focuses on examining the generation of interpretive behavior. Through comparison between China and the West, it cites Chinese and Western classics in multi-disciplinary integration, highlighting the unity and commonality of human concepts. The author has a high position, a broad vision, a combination of history and theory, and in-depth thinking. He strives to achieve an organic combination of ideological and academic aspects. It has reference value for historical theory, history of history, history of thought, hermeneutics and other related research.

In the early years of the Republic of China, drought and famine were severe in Xinyou, Hunan, especially in the west of Xiangxi. The Hunan Huayang Relief Association, which was in charge of the relief work, decided to wait for the disaster-stricken counties in western Hunan based on the situation of smoke and seedlings. The officials and gentry in western Hunan made a lot of efforts to obtain funds for the Xinyou Relief Road, and the first construction of the Tanbao section frustrated the hope of relief. The West Road, along with the Central and South Roads who shared the same feelings of injustice, continued to question the Board of Directors while controversies continued on the road boundary around relief issues such as disaster assessment standards, work relief objectives and goals, etc. The overall deep poverty in Xiangxi is actually caused by the long-term corruption of the region by military, banditry, and drug abuse and other social anomies, and cannot be cured by the Huayang Society during the warlord separatist period. Only by relying on the correct guidance of the "targeted poverty alleviation" strategy, the state's strong support for local economy, culture and education and other undertakings, and the burst of the people's endogenous motivation to get rid of poverty, has the overall deep poverty in Western Hunan been completely eliminated today.

This book mainly discusses the changes in the political system of the Roman state and the establishment of the Roman Empire. It describes the time from the second year of the assassination of Julius Caesar to the second year of the suicide of Nero, the last emperor of the Julian-Claudian dynasty. Chapters 1 to 6 mainly describe the political history of this period. Chapters 7 to 12 discuss and analyze the government system. Chapters 13 to 14 mainly provide a basic overview of various regions in the Roman world during this period. Chapters 15 to 21 cover the most important aspects of Roman social and cultural development during this period (the city of Rome; social structure; art, literature and law). The most outstanding achievement of this period was that Augustus-the first emperor in Roman history and the genius leader behind the political transformation-evolved the republican system of the Roman state into a monarchy ruled by dynastic rule. The reign of Augustus was the peak period of Rome's territorial expansion into the Mediterranean, the Near East and northwest Europe. The comprehensive development of this period created prerequisites for the major achievements of the "High Empire" under the "Paxromana".

Since Zhang Qian's "hollowing out", the thousands-mile-long Silk Road has creatively built a network system for exchanges and interactions between the East and the West. The countless ancient civilization ruins attached to the Silk Road vividly demonstrate the splendid civilization of more than 5,000 years. This book describes the ruins of ancient civilizations embedded on the Silk Road from multiple angles. It not only allows readers to appreciate the role of the Silk Road as a bridge in cultural exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations, but also helps people deeply understand the birth, development, communication, and mutual influence of ancient Eastern and Western civilizations.

"Chinese Historical Digest" is an academic digest founded by the School of History of Northwest University. It is published once a year by China Social Sciences Press. This article excerpts from the major relevant historical journals, university journals and comprehensive journals published in China from September 2019 to August 2020, and selects masterpieces that put forward innovative insights into the research on major issues in various periods and fields of Chinese history. It overall reflects the progress of Chinese history research in the past year. New breakthroughs in basic theories and basic issues present the latest trends and cutting-edge trends in Chinese history research, adding impetus to the in-depth development of current Chinese history research and the construction of a historical discipline system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style.

This book is based on the changing process of archaeological culture and national history in the left bank of the Amur River (Heilongjiang) from the early Iron Age to the Middle Ages. It describes the ancient city sites on the left bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, the left bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang, the Zeya River Basin, and the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, and compares the materials. Special studies were conducted on nearly thirty ancient cities that have been enriched, investigated and excavated in depth. Under the existing research conditions, the spatiotemporal background and geographical environment of these city sites were restored as much as possible, and important issues such as their cultural heritage status and ethnic nature were discussed in detail. The ancient city sites on the left bank of the Amur River (Heilongjiang) were mainly built by the Yilou, Shiwei, Mohe, Jurchen and other ancient ethnic groups in Northeast China.

Volume 13 covers the 4th century AD, from the death of Constantine in 337 to the early 5th century, ending with the reign of Theodosius II (408-450) around 425. During this period, when Theodosius I died in 395, the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western parts. As seen by the people of that time and the next generation, the Roman army was defeated by the Goths at Hadrian Castle in 378. In 410, Alaric invaded Italy and plundered the city of Rome. This was the first stage of the disintegration of the western part of the Roman Empire. With the beginning of Theodosius II's reign in Constantinople, a more characteristic style of governance in the east emerged. Its governance ability was based on the rapid expansion of the capital. In the 6th century, relying on the energy of Eastern Rome, Justinian launched a war to "reconquer" the west. Crucial to this development was the east's ability to avoid the disintegration that had befallen the west. Several chapters in this volume deal with what happened in Constantinople around 400 AD. By the end of this period the barbarians had settled in the west; in 430 the Vandals crossed the sea from Spain into North Africa and were able to attack Augustine's hometown of Hippo. The long reign of Theodosius II was a period of civilian governance and prosperous markets.

"The History of Cartography of Traditional Societies of East and Southeast Asia" is the second volume of the second volume of the "History of Cartography" series. The Chinese translation of this volume is divided into four parts. The first part first gives a brief summary of Asian prehistoric maps, mainly rock paintings, cosmological maps, and tomb maps; secondly, it is an overall introduction to East Asian cartography, which provides a high-level summary of the scope, terminology, content, academic history, methods and means of East Asian cartography, and the relationship between map images and texts. The second part is the history of Chinese cartography. From the aspects of political culture, measurement, art, and Westernization, it reflects and criticizes the previous research model of Chinese map history that focused on the quantitative end, and proposes a new paradigm for exploring ancient Chinese maps from multiple perspectives starting from the social culture on which they were produced. This part also discusses the ancient Chinese universe schema that has rarely been touched upon by predecessors. The third part is the history of cartography on the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Vietnam. Using time as a clue, it discusses the emergence and development of maps of different scales in various countries, and also analyzes the relevant social and historical background. The fourth part is the history of Southeast Asian cartography, which is divided into three parts: cosmological maps, geographical maps, and nautical maps. Starting from collection and organization, it conducts an in-depth and detailed analysis of the types and cartographic characteristics of the main existing maps in Southeast Asia. This book provides hundreds of rare high-definition pictures of ancient maps in China, more than 40 collection lists of ancient maps from various countries, and more than 100 pages of multilingual references and terminology entries. Excellent research and detailed information make this book a classic study of the history of traditional social cartography in this region to date.

This book is divided into three parts: the upper, middle and lower parts. The first part, "Ancient Nations and Early States," not only involves case studies on the historical and geographical issues of the ancient peoples in Northeast China, but also reviews and summarizes relevant theories on the origin and formation of early states, as well as specifically sorting out the current status of research on the origins of early states in the western Liaoning region. The middle volume of "Archaeological Culture and Historical Relics" focuses on archaeological materials such as jade ritual vessels, tombs, city sites, settlements, and ancient pagodas. It focuses on issues such as the origin of rituals, social forms, ancient architecture, and the relationship between man and land in the Northeast. It also uses the evaluation of tourism resources of local historical relics as a case to tentatively explore ways to protect and develop cultural relics. The second part, "Regional Culture and Historical Documents", takes the origin and connotation of place names and ancient ethnic titles as the starting point, focuses on discussing the regional cultural symbols of the Northeast, and combs or updates the relevant official historical documents and local chronicles of the ancient ethnic groups in the Northeast.

The National Library of China's collection of ancient Chinese maps is second to none. Based on the collection and research of ancient Chinese maps collected by the National Library, combined with relevant materials, this book conducts an in-depth discussion of the development context of various thematic maps in ancient China. Based on this, it selects maps from the collection of ancient Chinese maps in the National Library that can represent the development context of each thematic map and introduces them specifically, thereby displaying the development context of ancient Chinese maps more comprehensively and comprehensively. This book contains a total of 59 papers by members of the Map Group of the National Library. It comprehensively displays the appearance of traditional maps from multiple angles, including the business work of national maps, a comprehensive overview of ancient maps, and the origin and flow of thematic maps. It also introduces the long-term map work of the National Library.

"Zhang Jingda Gong's Memorial" has eight volumes. The first volume was engraved in the 25th year of Guangxu's reign. It is included in the first series of "Modern Chinese Historical Materials Series". It contains 10 "Wuzhong Manuscripts", 32 "Guihai Manuscripts", 37 "Lingnan Preliminary Manuscripts", 31 "Ji Fu Manuscripts" and 33 "Lingnan Later Manuscripts". There are 143 articles in total, covering a series of major issues such as politics, economy, military, diplomacy, ethnicity, people's livelihood, and local security. The whole book truly records Zhang Shusheng's efforts during his tenure as governor of Jiangsu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and acting governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang. The contributions and achievements made by the old system, sending troops to Korea, and resisting foreign aggression fully demonstrate the management of border areas by the Qing Dynasty and local officials. It has extensive content and rich historical materials. It is a reliable and complete text for studying modern Chinese history and Chinese border history.