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"Zizhi Tongjian", referred to as "Tongjian", is an unprecedented chronological general history masterpiece compiled by the famous Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang and his assistants Liu Xun, Liu Shu, Fan Zuyu, Sima Kang and others over a period of 19 years. It occupies a very important position in the official history books of our country. The book depicts the historical development from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties, and explores the reasons for the rise and fall of the unified dynasties such as Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, and Tang, as well as the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu, Wu, the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It vividly depicts the emperors, generals, and ministers' way of governing the country and dealing with people, as well as their joys and sorrows of life and death in the whirlpool of history. For the convenience of reading, this book specially selects classic chapters from "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", translates them into vernacular, and rearranges them so that more modern readers can appreciate the unique charm of this work.

"The Most Read Chinese Studies Series (Volume 2): Zizhi Tongjian" is a masterpiece of history compiled by Sima Guang, a famous historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his assistants Liu Xun, Liu Shu, Fan Zuyu, Sima Kang and others, which took 19 years to compile. The book narrates the history in chronological order from the 23rd year of King Weilie of the Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the 6th year of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty (959 AD), that is, "from the Warring States period to the Five Dynasties", a total of 1,362 years of history. It is the first chronological general history of our country. The book has a total of 354 volumes and about 3 million words. Among them, the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties are the focus, accounting for two-fifths of the book, and it is the most valuable part of the book.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is China's first chronological general history. Its content starts from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the 6th year of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty (959 AD). It covers the historical events of sixteen dynasties and more than 1,300 years, and is divided into sixteen eras according to dynasties. That is, "Zhou Ji" (five volumes), "Qin Ji" (three volumes), "Han Ji" (60 volumes), "Wei Ji" (10 volumes), "Jin Ji" (40 volumes), "Song Ji" (16 volumes), "Qi Ji" (10 volumes), "Liang Ji" (22 volumes), "Chen Ji" (ten volumes), "Sui Ji" (eight volumes), "Tang Ji" (eighty-one volumes), "Later Liang Ji" (six volumes), "Later Tang Ji" (eight volumes), "Later Jin Ji" (six volumes), "Later Han Ji" (four volumes), "Later Zhou Ji" (five volumes). Altogether, there are 294 volumes in total, of which the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties sections account for the largest proportion.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is an unprecedented historical masterpiece compiled under the leadership of Sima Guang, a famous historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was named by Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty because "in view of the past, it is qualified to govern Taoism". It occupies a pivotal position both in the history of historiography and in the history of literature. Together with Sima Qian's "Historical Records", it is called the "Twin Jewels of Historiography". The book is voluminous, with a total of 294 volumes and more than 3 million words. It records a history of 1,362 years from the 23rd year of King Weilie of the Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the 6th year of Xiande of Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty (959 AD). The content covers political, civil and ethnic relations. It mainly focuses on important historical facts in the field, as well as economic, cultural and historical figures evaluation. It is broad and profound, and understands the changes of ancient and modern times. It has the reputation of "unprecedented in ancient times with a vast network of riches, a large body of work and a refined mind". It has been favored by rulers and scholars of all ages and regarded it as a must-read book.

The purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is to "Zi Zhi". All important events and figures related to the rise and fall of the country and the stakes of the people are described in detail. However, matters and people that have nothing to do with the national economy and people's livelihood, such as numerous literati and high officials, are not mentioned. It records people and events with clear principles, and has been enjoyed by emperors, ministers and scholars of all ages. Sima Guang lived in an era that was more than 900 years ago. The classical Chinese at that time was far different from the vernacular used today. Therefore, many modern people give up reading it because they find it difficult. In view of this, in the early 1980s, Taiwanese scholar Mr. Huang Jinhong took the lead and gathered the efforts of 27 famous professors from Taiwan universities. It took three years to translate this great work into vernacular, which is deeply loved by readers in the Chinese world.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is my country's first chronological general history, recording 1,362 years of history year by year. The book depicts the historical development from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties, explores the rise and fall of dozens of regimes, and vividly depicts the way the emperors, generals, and ministers governed the country and treated people, as well as their joys and sorrows of life and death in the whirlpool of history. This book is based on the original text of "Zizhi Tongjian", extracts its essence, and interprets its essence, in order to allow readers to gain something while reading history.

This book is a multi-volume chronological history edited by Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty. It mainly uses time as the outline and events as the headings. It was written from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the sixth year of Zhou Shizong's expedition to Huainan (959 AD) after the Five Dynasties, covering 1362 years of history in 16 dynasties. The editor summarizes many experiences and lessons for rulers to learn from, and uses historical gains and losses as warnings to strengthen their rule. Narrating historical events in chronological order, often using retrospective and concluding remarks to explain the causes and consequences of historical events, can easily give people a systematic and clear impression. Its content is mainly based on political and military historical facts, in order to show the history of monarchs and ministers in the past dynasties in managing chaos, successes and failures, and safety, as a reference for history. Describes the lives and struggles of people of all ethnic groups.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is China's first chronological general history. Its content starts from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the 6th year of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty (959). It covers the historical events of sixteen dynasties and more than 1,300 years, and is divided into sixteen periods according to dynasty. That is, Zhou Ji (five volumes), Qin Ji (three volumes), Han Ji (sixty volumes), Wei Ji (ten volumes), Jin Ji (forty volumes), Song Ji (sixteen volumes), Qi Ji (ten volumes), Liang Ji (twenty-two volumes), Chen Ji (ten volumes), Sui Ji ( Eight volumes), "Tang Ji" (81 volumes), "Hou Liang Ji" (six volumes), "Later Tang Ji" (eight volumes), "Hou Jin Ji" (six volumes), "Hou Han Ji" (four volumes), "Hou Zhou Ji" (five volumes), adding up to a total of 294 volumes, of which the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties account for the largest proportion.