The Ups and Downs of Kangxi

In May of the 32nd year of Kangxi (1693), Emperor Kangxi suffered from malaria. His fever persisted and was erratic. The imperial doctors tried many treatments but to no avail. At this time, French missionaries Hong Ruohan and Liu Yingjin offered cinchona (quinine). After confirming its safety, Kangxi took cinchona in the early morning, and the high fever subsided the next day. Since then, cinchona has become the "holy medicine" of the Qing palace.

The Imperial College is the highest institution of learning and educational management institution established by the ancient Chinese government. It was founded in the third year of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty (607) and lasted until the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1905) of the Qing Dynasty. It lasted for nearly 1,300 years. It is responsible for training officials, managing education and promoting cultural exchanges. As the most complete preserved site, the Imperial College in Beijing has become a museum and cultural heritage protection unit. The establishment of the Imperial College was an active exploration in ancient Chinese school education and management, and it trained many officials and various professional talents for the current generation. Those who taught at the Imperial College were all "famous Confucian scholars with outstanding academic performance in the contemporary era", such as Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Cheng Yi in the Song Dynasty, Song Ne in the Ming Dynasty, Kong Shangren in the Qing Dynasty, etc., Who invisibly promoted the prosperity of ancient Chinese academic culture. At the same time, the Imperial College educates international students from all over the world, which also plays a role in promoting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

The author has something to say Mongolian food culture is mainly based on dairy products: including milk tofu, milk pimples, cheese and other derivatives. Milk tea requires the addition of butter and green salt. ‌‌ If you come to a yurt as a guest, the host will immediately offer you a bowl of steaming milk tea, followed by dairy products such as milk tofu and naipizi. When the host invites you to taste it, please do not refuse, otherwise you will hurt the host's heart and make the host feel sorry. Mongolians are not afraid of others eating too much. The more they eat, the happier the owner will be. After accepting the meal and tea from the host, it is taboo not to eat at all; it is taboo to use chopsticks to eat milk and drink milk and eat milk food while standing; it is taboo to spill breast milk casually; when you meet someone passing by with milk, you cannot turn a blind eye, you must taste it before leaving.

Historically known as Peter I (English: Peter I), the full name is Peter I Alexeevich, June 9, 1672 - February 8, 1725. Later generations respectfully called him Peter the Great, one of the only two "Great Emperors" in Russian history. Peter I devoted his whole life to reforms and led Russia out of ignorance and backwardness. During the reign of Peter I, he carried out Westernization reforms in the fields of politics, economy, military and science and technology, leading to modern Western civilization. He was called the "Father of the Motherland" by Russians.

The author has something to say After Kangxi regained Taiwan, he wrote an elegiac couplet to Zheng Chenggong: "The four towns are more focused, and the two islands are stationed with troops, and they dare to fight for half of the territory to the southeast; The kings had no land and only wanted to fight in a corner, only to know that there was a lonely loyalist overseas. "‌ Zheng Chenggong was highly praised in terms of military achievements and spiritual character: Military contribution‌: The first line "stationed troops on the two islands and dared to fight for half of the southeast" refers to Zheng Chenggong using Xiamen and Kinmen as bases to fight against the Qing Dynasty on several northern expeditions, and defeated the Dutch colonists to regain Taiwan and safeguard the country's territorial integrity. ‌‌‌Loyalty and Integrity‌: The second line of the second line "Only when you have a corner of resistance will you know that there are lonely loyalists overseas" praises Zheng Chenggong for persisting in resisting the Qing Dynasty after retreating to Taiwan, calling it an "isolated loyalist", which reflects his national integrity. ‌‌

Chen Yonghua (1634-1680) was a core staff member of Zheng Chenggong. He led Taiwan's military and political reform, established the Confucius Temple and the imperial examination system, and was revered as the "founder of Taiwanese culture and education." ‌‌He personally built the Confucius Temple in Guizaipu, Ningnanfang, Chengtian Prefecture (today's Tainan City), also built a college and personally served as the academic administrator. When the Tainan Confucius Temple was built, it was the beginning of the Confucius Temple in Taiwan and was known as the "first Confucius Temple in Taiwan".

"King of Opening the Stage" Yan Siqi: Yan Siqi was born in Haicheng County, Zhangzhou (now Qingjiao Village, Haicang, Xiamen). He practiced martial arts since he was a child and had a bold personality. In 1612, he was wanted for killing the servant of an official who oppressed the people. He fled to Hirado, Japan, where he worked as a tailor and engaged in maritime trade. He gradually became a leader of the local overseas Chinese and was appointed by the Japanese authorities as the "shell snail" to manage the Han people. ‌‌ In 1624, Yan Siqi and others planned to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate, establish political power in Japan, and accept the canonization of the Ming Dynasty. On the 15th day of the sixth lunar month, Yan Siqi, Yang Tiansheng, Chen Zhongji, Zheng Zhilong and other 28 people became brothers and made an oath: "If you are born on different days, you will die at the same time." Later, due to the failure of the overthrow movement, he fled to Bengang, Taiwan. Later, he established a management system in Taiwan and recruited poor people from Fujian to go to Taiwan to carry out reclamation activities. His deeds were listed as the first among the biographies of Taiwanese historical figures in the "General History of Taiwan".

Chongming Island is an alluvial island at the mouth of the Yangtze River at the eastern end of the Yangtze River Delta. It is also the third largest island in China, the largest alluvial island in the mouth of China, and the largest sand island in China. It has a history of more than 1,300 years and is known as the "Gateway to the Yangtze River and Yingzhou in the East China Sea." The ground elevation is 3.2 To 4.4 Meters, the terrain is low and flat, the soil is fertile, the climate is mild, the four seasons are distinct, and the sun is abundant. It has a subtropical monsoon climate and is suitable for growing rice, wheat, corn, cotton, rapeseed, and vegetables. The nearby waters are one of Shanghai's main aquatic product fishing bases.

The Japanese shogunate is the central government form established by the Japanese samurai class. Its name comes from the title of the general office in the Han Dynasty of China. In Japan, it specifically refers to the military ruling institution headed by the general Zheng Yi. From the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate in 1185 to the fall of the Edo shogunate in 1867, this system went through three major periods: Kamakura (1185-1333), Muromachi (1336-1573), and Edo (1603-1867). During this period, it was managed through systems such as guardianship and land management, forming a dual political structure that coexisted with the emperor's court. In 1192, Minamoto Yoritomo was awarded the title of General of the Conquest of the Barbarians, established the bureau, government office and other institutions, and started the rule of the Kamakura shogunate. Ashikaga Takauji established the Muromachi shogunate in 1336, but was defeated by Oda Nobunaga in 1573. Tokugawa Ieyasu established the shogunate in Edo in 1603, controlled the daimyo through the vassal system, directly administered mines and cities, and implemented a seclusion policy. In 1867, the fifteenth shogun Tokugawa Yoshiki implemented the return of the great power, and the shogunate era officially ended.

The three major thinkers in the late Ming Dynasty refer to Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi. These three people were active in the period of social change in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. All three were born in the late Ming Dynasty. After experiencing the destruction of their country and family, they lived in seclusion to write and refused to serve in the Qing Dynasty. They are collectively known as the "Three Gentlemen of the Late Ming Dynasty" or the "Three Major Thinkers of the Late Ming Dynasty and the Early Qing Dynasty". It had a profound impact on traditional Chinese philosophy and ideological enlightenment at that time. ‌The core ideas include: 1. ‌Oppose monarchy‌. 2. Make practical use of the world. 3.‌Materialism and dialectical thinking.