Great Ming: Building an Empire Where the Sun Never Sets Overseas

It's funny. Thousands of people go to the Americas to develop. If you give them a hundred years, you don't know if they can develop to millions of Han people. It's not practical at all to take revenge.

Finished reading! It's a rare start to travel eastward to North America in the first year of Yongle, so great! But the author didn't check enough information! No potatoes in North America! The author actually wrote about North American wild potatoes. Let's create a group to communicate! Here is a list of scientists and medical experts from the early Ming Dynasty! The author takes a look at "Maya 1441" and "The Immortal of the Aztecs". Tiahuanaco culture, named after its main site, Tiahuanaco. (Bolivia has large iron mines) Distributed in Bolivia and Peru, and expanded to Ecuador, Chile and northern Argentina. It dates from approximately the 5th to 10th centuries. The ruins of Tiahuanaco contain magnificent stone buildings. There is a foyer, square and altar built in front of the pyramid-style temple. Some of the stones weigh more than 100 tons. The metal processing industry of the Tiahuanaco Culture was relatively developed, and the gold, silver, copper and bronze products were very exquisite. It is generally believed that it inherited the Chawen culture and the Inca civilization, and played a role in the ancient Indian civilization of South America. The four countries in western South America from the 7th century to the 11th century! These four countries are already the bronze civilization circle in the Andes Mountains. They all have bronze swords, axes and spears, as well as bronze tools and agricultural tools. There are alpaca caravans of different sizes coming and going, and alpacas can carry up to 120 kilograms of stuff (goods). Sikan Kingdom in the north, Moche Kingdom in the central and northern parts, Wari Empire in the central and southern parts! The country of Diahuanaco is adjacent to the Amazon in the east. The Kingdom of Huanca, from 1000 to 1450, north of Cusco, in the upper part of the Mantaro Valley, was actually just a loose alliance of chiefs. In 1450, the Incas destroyed Vanka. From 1200 to 1250, the Kingdom of Cusco in the center began to move to the Inca Empire. At the same time, the Kingdom of Chimu in the north began to destroy the Sican Kingdom in 1375, and was later destroyed by the Incas in 1470. (In the 11th century, the Indians established the "Kingdom of Quito" here. At the end of the 15th century AD, it became the political, economic and cultural center of the Inca Empire) In Colombia, the ancient Indians also invented a higher-level lost-wax casting technology. The wax mold is wrapped with a mud core, so that the casting is hollow, which saves a lot of metal than a solid casting and reduces the stress effect of the casting. Many ancient Indian gold casting artifacts were made using this unique lost wax method. The Inca oxidation gold plating and casting process was adopted by the Europeans. The Incas were good at metal smelting and processing, and were able to mine gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, platinum, mercury and other metals. The Incas mastered many metal processing techniques, such as casting, forging, molding, stamping, inlay, riveting, welding, etc. In the 16th century, the Peruvian Incas set up a post station at a distance of 8 kilometers along the well-built thoroughfare they built, and messengers ran to deliver messages. It is also called a post station for messengers and alpaca caravans to rest and stay. South America had no horses or vehicles before the Spanish colonists invaded. This kind of road for alpaca teams and messengers formed a network system extending in all directions from 1200 to 1530. It was a channel for the rulers of the Inca Empire to issue decrees, and it was also a transportation artery for the production, life and trade of the Inca people. At that time, the Inca rule ranged from central Chile in the south to Colombia in the north, including Ecuador and Bolivia. It was a large country with a population of more than 10 million. Corresponding road construction includes two north-south trunk lines: coastal stone road and plateau mountain road. The Aztecs built a complete road system among the city-states in Central America. They built a post station every 14 kilometers (14 kilometers) beside the road. The army could travel about 28 kilometers a day. When a war breaks out, they will arrange a messenger every 5 kilometers (5 kilometers) to quickly deliver letters through relays. Around the 10th century AD, the Toltec Empire of the Nahua nation conquered the Maya and generally achieved the unification of Mesoamerica: In 1194, the Mayapan monarch Hunac Kel used bronze weapons, bows and arrows to conquer Chichen Itza. In 1441, Mayapan died in a civil war, which meant the Mayan centralized power collapsed. The remaining Xiu family later defected to the Spanish and became Spanish aristocrats who still exist today. On the Yucatan Peninsula, there are still some small Mayan states remaining. In 1526, a Spanish expedition (banditry) tried to use violence to establish a Spanish colony and enforce the Christian faith. The Mayans who refused to surrender launched a guerrilla war that lasted for more than a hundred years, until 1697, when the last Mayan city-state (the Kingdom of Peten Itza) was destroyed by Spanish artillery fire. (At that time, Itza only had three hundred canoes and two thousand warrior soldiers) The Tulum area was the location of the last Mayan kingdom, Peten Itza, and it was also the last Mayan city to die. It is said that this is the best-preserved Mayan ruins and the only one built on the seaside with the most beautiful scenery. On November 4, 1780, Tupac Avaru II, a descendant of the Inca royal family, launched the Inca Restoration Uprising. Initially 6,000 rebels grew to 50,000 by December. Staple foods: corn, potatoes (unique to South America), breadfruit (unique to the Mayans), cassava (unique to Cuba and Haiti), red rice and wild rice (North American wild rice), sweet potatoes and sweet potatoes (South America), quinoa ( South American Andes) Meat: (can be farmed) fish, river shrimp, sea snails, turkey, duck, rabbit, (obtained from hunting) tapir, deer (North American caribou, Central American white-tailed deer, South American deer is Andean red deer), crocodile, bison (North American oxen), Alpaca (South America), guinea pig (South America), capybara (South America, Amazon River), ostrich (South America including Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina), snow sheep (North American Rocky Mountains from Alaska southward to Oregon, Idaho and Montana in the United States, Inhabiting steep slopes and cliffs above the tree line), barren argali sheep (Canada), pronghorn antelope (northern Mexico to southern Canada), Eggs: turkey eggs, duck eggs, ostrich eggs Vegetables: pumpkin, black beans, kidney beans, amaranth , peanuts (South America), Inca beans (ice cream beans from the Amazon rainforest) Fruits: figs, avocados, egg yolks, sapodillas, guava, tomatoes, dragon fruit, cranberries (North America), blueberries (North America), grapes (North America and Canada) , strawberry (South America), pineapple (Brazil and Paraguay), macchia (Patagonia Plateau, used medicinally by the Mapuche people), cherries (Chilean cherry) Sugar: honey, maple syrup (North America) Liquor: cocoa wine, agape Orchid wine, flower wine, mead, pineapple beer, corn beer, alpaca milk wine, alpaca milk (also alpaca yogurt, alpaca cheese, alpaca butter, alpaca dairy products), machi fruit wine Container: gourd, deerskin pot, crocodile skin pot, cowhide pot Beverages: Coconut (Central America, South American Amazon Rainforest), Yerba Mate (South America), Yerba Mate (South America) Seasonings: Salt, chili pepper, vanilla, chia seeds (extractable oil), pepper (natural preservative), deer fat, beef tallow, suet, ostrich oil. Materials: rubber, palm oil (palm trees), limestone, volcanic ash (El Salvador has many volcanoes) Construction manpower time: Paso de la Armada ruins, the central settlement of the Mocaya culture in the Soconusco coast area in the southeastern isthmus region, its No. 2 Building requires 488 people to work for one day or 20 people to work for nearly 25 days to complete; Clothes and leather: Cotton, alpaca, cowhide, deerskin, ostrich skin, rabbit skin, dog skin, leopard skin, crocodile skin, tapir skin, wolf skin, bear skin Refresh: Cocoa beans (a cocoa tree can produce 1,000 to 2,500 cocoa beans), tobacco, coca (narcosis, excitement) Special herbs: Cinchona tree (South America), macchia medicine (fever, diarrhea, ulcers, childbirth), mint Agriculture: The Maya lacked manure technology and only had plant ash. South American agriculture has popularized the use of alpaca and guano as manure. Water conservancy technology is well developed. Mineral distribution: Guatemala has lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, mercury, nickel, petroleum, and hematite. (There are copper and tin mines in the highland mountains of Guatemala) Hematite is also found in the Caminal Lake area. El Salvador has copper, iron, petroleum, coal, zinc, lead, mercury, sulfur, etc. Honduras has lead, zinc, copper, etc. Nicaragua has antimony, zinc, copper, lead, etc., And two places of oil. Costa Rica has iron, manganese, mercury, and bauxite. The reserves of bauxite, iron, and coal reach 150 million tons, 400 million tons, and 50 million tons respectively. Panama has copper, iron, mercury, bauxite, manganese, salt, oil, etc. (Copper, salt, and bauxite reserves are relatively large), Colombia has large coal mines, oil, copper, and iron. Cuba's large iron ore coal mine (there is a large open-pit iron mine in the southeast). Large copper and iron mines in southwestern Mexico, Oaxaca Canyon magnetite. Andes Copper Mines Iron Ore. Amazon Iron Mine. Metal products: The Mayans (Yucatan Peninsula) traded in imported copper, gold, gold-copper alloys and silver. These figurines from the Mayan Yucatan Peninsula come from different areas of Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, and possibly Colombia. The bell found in Quirigua may also date to the 9th century: the bell was imported, but there is reason to think that it was cast locally. Papermaking: The Mayans began to use fig bark to make paper more than 2,000 years ago (more than 400 years ago). There are also deerskin paper, dog skin paper, and bison skin paper used in the Mexican city-state. Two thin pieces of wood are used as the cover for the front and back covers. Pen: Graphite pen is a very practical writing tool. A graphite pen is made from a long, thin stick of wood and a block of graphite. Blocks of graphite are ground into fine chips on wooden sticks and then glued together with grease. This graphite pen was widely used to record Mayan history, culture and other important information. Era: According to the Maya's precise calendar week calculation, this cycle takes 5,200 years as a cycle. The Fourth Era began in 3114 BC and is expected to end on November 23, 2012. (December 21, 2012) Population before Columbus entered the Americas (1500): North America 5 million, Central America 25 million, Inca 10 million, Other places scattered together 1 Around 0 million, including other places including the Caribbean Islands, Gran Colombia, the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil, and the Southern Cone. The two large Taíno islands may have 1 million each, and the Muisca has 1 million. The small tribes in Colombia are not behind the Muisca. Then there were 1 million Tupi people. At that time, the Amazon could also make artificial black soil, and there were large round villages all over the place. Sports: football, boxing (gloves, helmets), Transportation: canals and coastal canoes, pedestrian roads, the ancient settlers of the Yucatan Peninsula built causeways (sakbejo'ob, meaning white roads), these Causeways were sometimes built up to two and a half meters high to compensate for uneven terrain, and up to 15 meters wide, connecting buildings within the same community (the shortest known distance is 150 meters), or connecting monumental centers in distant settlements (the longest length is 100 kilometers). But in addition to materializing power relations, these roads are also used for pedestrian traffic, commercial activities, processions and pilgrimages. The roads of the Andean civilization in South America were all traveled by people and alpacas. Tools: wooden basket, alpaca carrier High ditcher: Any city must have a clean water source for citizens to use. In the Mayan city of Sayel, because there are few small streams and rivers in the area, people can only collect rainwater and store it in underground tanks for use. By the end of the 19th century, Londoners were still drinking dirty water from the Thames. However, as early as the 15th century, you and your engineering team were already fighting to divert fresh water from inland streams to Mexico City. The water in Lake Texcoco contains too many minerals washed down from the surrounding mountains and is not suitable for drinking, even for washing or irrigating farmland. However, you have a huge problem to solve - how to move water through water. In other parts of Central America, aqueducts were built across rivers to divert fresh water from irrigation canals. These aqueducts are actually hollow logs mounted on wooden supports. On this basis, you took another big step forward and proposed your solution. You organize a large construction team to build a series of artificial islands. The workers first fixed the reed mats on the bottom of the lake at intervals of 3 to 4 meters. They then piled rocks, silt and sand on top of the raft until it sank to the bottom, forming a solid base capable of carrying a 5-kilometer-long aqueduct. The rest of the workers used bags of clay to make channels on the top of the islands, connected by hollow tree trunks. Side by side with the aqueduct is a path and wooden plank bridge. The characteristic of this design is that it can both walk people and deliver water, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone. Freshwater merchants in canoes collected fresh water in clay pots at certain points along the aqueduct and sold it to residents of the city. The author needs to know that at that time, the Aztecs had just begun to rise in southern Mexico, and the Mayan vassal in the Yucatan Peninsula already had bronze. Panama and Colombia are the eight countries where the Chibcha people have popularized bronze weapons, and the two major South American countries, Chimu and Inca, have bronze handicraft industries! Copper smelting has been popularized in the Great Lakes region of North America, and volcanic geothermal heat has been used to refine copperware. The author Baidu's new version of China's Deaf Historical Chronology states that the Jueshengwei was established by the deaf counselor Lu Bufu and the deaf general Yang Zhongkai who founded the Ming Dynasty. Jueshengwei is currently split between the Yongle faction and the protagonist faction. The Yellow Emperor's deaf official and war general Na Confucius's deaf disciple Xia You The deaf warrior general Jing Nan of Qin He Guanzi, the deaf prime minister of Zhao Xu Pi, the deaf prime minister of Han Dynasty Zhao Jieyu, the deaf noble concubine of the Han Dynasty, Mrs. Gou Yi Du Wei, a famous deaf minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, one of the Three Kingdoms Huang Fumi, the deaf miracle doctor of the Jin Dynasty Zhang Gui, the deaf minister of the Jin Dynasty and the founder of Xiliang The Five Husties in China The two deaf heroic generals who fought against the Hu were deaf and dumb The Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Southern Liang fought against the Hu deaf prince Balingyin Wang Xiao Baoyi (the deaf prime minister during the period of Emperor He of the Southern Qi Dynasty - Xiao Baoyi) The Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Southern Liang fought against the Hu deaf prince Anle Wang Xiao Renya Deaf anti-Hu hero Du Taiqing (deaf counselor in the founding of the Sui Dynasty) Cui Juan, a first-class deaf civil official in the Sui Dynasty Yang Liang, a deaf prince in the Sui Dynasty Xu Anzhen, a first-class deaf civil servant in the Tang Dynasty br>Du Fu, a deaf poet of the Tang Dynasty Li Song, the deaf-mute emperor of the Tang Dynasty Tang Shunzong Zha Wenhui, a deaf minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties Yang Xin, a deaf super-genius military strategist and one of the founding generals of the Song Dynasty Deaf people of the Song Dynasty Xu Ji, a state official Pang Anshi, a deaf miracle doctor in the Song Dynasty Yang Zhongkai, a writer and painter who was a deaf hero in the Ming Dynasty and resisted the Yuan Dynasty Lü Bubu, a famous minister and counselor who was a deaf hero in the Ming Dynasty and resisted the Yuan Dynasty Wang Min, a deaf miracle doctor in the Ming Dynasty Twenty silent soldiers from the Qin Dynasty; Fifty silent soldiers from the Han Dynasty; One hundred wise scholars from the Jin Dynasty and three thousand dumb soldiers; Three thousand ghost troops from the Liu and Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty; Ran Min's deaf and mute warriors; 500 Jueshengdu in the Tang Dynasty; 1,000 silent warriors in the Song Dynasty; 1,500 Juesheng guards in the Ming Dynasty; Taiping Heavenly Kingdom camp; Modern deaf and mute regiments. List of the Yang family's deaf-mute family Yang Liang, the deaf prince of the Sui Dynasty; Yang Xin, the deaf general of the Song Dynasty; Yang Yi, the deaf guard of Song Renzong; Yang Zheng, the only surviving deaf warrior in Yashan in the Southern Song Dynasty; Yang Zhongkai, the grandson of Yang Zheng, was the first commander of the founder of the Juesheng Guard of the Ming Dynasty. For Zhu Yuanzhang's ruthless killing of heroes; Yang Mao, the commander of the Juesheng Guards during the Zhengde period, Wang Yangming's deaf student; Yang Qicong, the last commander of the Juesheng Guards during the Chongzhen period, was a deaf general under Zheng Chenggong; Yin Fu Jing by Huang Emperor : "The blind person is good at hearing, and the deaf person is good at seeing. One source of absolute benefit can be used ten times as long as the teacher; three times of day and night can be used as the teacher ten thousand times." "Shu Lun" compiled by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period; "Shu Jing" written by Mozi in the Spring and Autumn Period; "Shu Hua" for the deaf in the Jin Dynasty Works by Huang Fumi, a human-spiritual doctor; "Shi Shuo", an educational work of the Tang Dynasty, contains handwriting for deaf teachers; "Handbook Record", written by Yang Xin, a deaf general of the Song Dynasty; "Pagan Records", written by Xu Ji, a deaf state official of the Song Dynasty, is a work of deaf teachers in the Song Dynasty; "Strange Stone Offering" is a hand-language translation of Su Shi's work in the Song Dynasty. It is a work on hand-language science in the Song Dynasty; "Sicong Lu", "Zhu Shi Pian", and "Human Appearance" were written by He Shitai and his son, the deaf educator of the Ming Dynasty, for He Fengsheng, the first assistant to the deaf in the Chongzhen period; (Si Cong Lu) Conglu summarizes the experience of the deaf education system from Confucius and Mozi's creation of deaf sign language to the Song Dynasty. It is not only used as a deaf education sign language textbook but also includes books on how to educate children) These books are currently known ancient Chinese deaf education sign language books. "Similarities and Differences between Sign Language and Ancient Writing" "Study on Unearthed Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Slips and the Disabled Population in Qin and Han Dynasties"

How long does it take to travel from Daming to North America by boat and what to do during the storm season?