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This book is a popular reading of historical knowledge. It takes the development process of world history as its backbone and expresses the colorfulness of history itself from the perspectives of ancient civilizations, social changes, wars, scientific progress, etc., So that readers can better appreciate the rich flavor of human civilization while increasing their knowledge and broadening their horizons.

The Chinese nation is a great nation with a long history, a large population, a splendid culture, and outstanding contributions to human civilization. It is a unity composed of fifty-six ethnic groups with varying numbers of people; this unity is composed of thousands of surname cells. There are many works on the study of ethnic issues, but there are few discussions and introductions on surnames. Chinese people have always attached great importance to surnames. When you meet someone for the first time, you always ask for their "surname." When you meet someone for business, you always call them "Comrade XX" or "Mr. XX." This "someone" is the other person's last name. "Don't change your name when you're working, don't change your surname when you're sitting down." This is the dignity of being a human being.

This book is arranged in time order, starting from the ancient prehistoric civilization and continuing to 2011. It has the largest time span among all similar books. This is also the first feature of this book. Secondly, compared with similar books, this book selects historical fragments and outlines historical stories, but the selection of this book is very broad, making the amount of information in this book quite huge. This is the second feature of this book. Thirdly, when narrating this book, we strive to respect historical facts, refrain from making rash comments, and allow readers to be the masters of reading, to think and to feel... This is the third feature of this book. Finally, when telling some historical stories, this book not only verifies the official history, but also cites some unofficial histories and anecdotes in a discriminative manner, thus making the narrative perspective of the book more objective, which is also the biggest feature of the book.

China is one of the oldest ancient civilizations in the world. The civilizations of ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, and ancient India have long been discontinued. However, the Chinese civilization continues to have the same origin and has gone through thousands of years of ups and downs and has come all the way. Chinese civilization spans five thousand years, is extensive and profound, and has a long history. From ancient legends to the civilizations of Xia, Shang, and Zhou, from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States to Qin, Han, Wei, and Jin, from the Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, from the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties to the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing... In the long course of history, the Chinese nation has continued to live and work hard, and has created countless brilliant civilizational achievements. It can be said that five thousand years of history is a huge treasure house from which we can draw wisdom and spiritual nourishment at any time. As a Chinese, especially for the younger generation, it is very meaningful to understand the major events that have happened in China, inherit China's cultural traditions, and understand the survival wisdom of the Chinese people.

China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. Chinese civilization, also known as Chinese civilization, is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the longest lasting civilization in the world. The "Yuanmou Man" discovered in Yuanmou, Yunnan, about 1.7 Million years ago, is the earliest known hominid in China; the "Peking Man" who lived in the Zhoukoudian area of ​​​​Beijing four and a half million years ago can walk upright, can make and use simple tools, and knows how to use fire, and already has the basic characteristics of a human being. Modern archeology has discovered oracle bone inscriptions from the Shang Dynasty in 1350 BC, pottery inscriptions from about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, and tortoise bone deed symbols with written characters from about 5,000 to 7,000 years ago. These are witnesses of the long origin of the Chinese nation. Later, Dayu controlled the floods and pacified Kyushu, which ushered in the succession of dynasties in Chinese history.

Descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties, let us turn to history, brush off the dust of the years, and look for the historical footprints of our founding ancestors who opened up the path for the survival and development of the Chinese nation! This book is arranged in chronological order, starting from the ancient prehistoric civilization and continuing to the end of 2010 AD. It has the largest time span among all similar books. This is also the first feature of this book. Secondly, compared with similar books, this book selects historical fragments and outlines historical stories, but the selection of this book is very broad, making the amount of information in this book quite huge. This is the second feature of this book. Thirdly, when narrating this book, we strive to respect historical facts, refrain from making rash comments, and allow readers to be the masters of reading, to think and to feel... This is the third feature of this book. Finally, when telling some historical stories, this book not only verifies the official history, but also cites some unofficial histories and anecdotes in a discriminative manner, thus making the narrative perspective of the book more objective, which is also the biggest feature of the book.

This book was compiled by Sima Guang, a politician and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty. It records a total of 1,362 years of history starting from the 23rd year of King Weilie of the Zhou Dynasty to the sixth year of Xiande of Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty (403 B. C. - 959 A. D.). The content is mostly military and political historical facts, showing the rise and fall of the past dynasties and recreating the famous battles. It contains narratives of major historical events and wonderful comments on famous historical figures. In the history of culture, "Zizhi Tongjian" not only has irreplaceable historical value, but also has high literary value, which can be compared with "Historical Records", which is known as "the swan song of historians and the rhymeless Li Sao". This book selects famous chapters from "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". In order to make the plot more complete and the story more vivid, the original work has been appropriately processed on the basis of reasonable translation, which can help readers better understand the history of our country and gain the pleasure of reading.

This dynasty has given us too much pride, too much capital to show off, and too many historical events that can be mentioned again. This is not a serious so-called history of the truth, nor is it some unreasonable nonsense. As a book that attempts to interpret the historical truth of the Tang Dynasty, the author can only try to reflect the colorful situations and mental processes of that era.

After the hustle and bustle, the glitz and glamor dissipated, the Tang Dynasty, which was at its peak, never escaped the iron law of history. Ministers fight for power and domestic slaves cause chaos. The glorious Tang Dynasty was brought to an end by a scoundrel, Yakuza. What kind of secrets and strangeness are there among the century-old splendor and splendor? What little-known truth lies in the fog of the middle and late Tang Dynasty? An in-depth interpretation of the top-secret privacy of the middle and late Tang Dynasty reveals the historical truth of the fall of the Tang Dynasty. Let us peel back the mystery of the middle and late Tang Dynasty, re-examine the conspiracy and betrayal, and explore the details of the fall of the Tang Dynasty.

For many young friends, it is important to read the "official history", a grand narrative about historical events, but it is also worth learning more about the "historical scraps" that often show the true spirit of history in the details, and knowing some anecdotes. This will not only supplement the shortcomings of the official history, but also cultivate your own interest in history. On the premise of respecting history, this book selects historical stories that are closely integrated with the spirit of the times and have practical significance, and conducts in-depth and precise analysis of experience and key points of each story based on the content, in order to provide spiritual enjoyment and life enlightenment to readers with different psychological needs.

The emperor's harem has always been a place of right and wrong, a bloody battlefield shrouded in rouge and gouache. The group of beautiful women in the harem may have prominent family backgrounds, beautiful faces, and clever wisdom. In order to compete for love, glory and wealth, and a man who may not be worthy of love, they fight against each other and deceive each other, wasting their youth and beauty in this endless struggle. Power and love, power and emotion, power and sex, power and money, power and law, power and power... Are intricately intertwined, interpreting scenes of tragedies of blood and fire, and also spawning absurd and bizarre scandals, and mysterious and difficult problems that are both thrilling and thought-provoking.

This book focuses on the word "digging" and is committed to "digging out history, removing cover-ups, and seeking the truth", so as to carefully dig out and dig deep into the historical truth. This publication has a super strong lineup of authors, such as Yuan Tengfei, Yue Nan, Ma Yong, Sun Baogen, Li Dongjun, Fu Guoyong, Du Junli, Feng Xuerong, Wang Yuewen, Zhang Hongjie, Jiang Feng, Zhou Haibin and many other historical scholars. The articles selected in the book are all originally published by them. They are meaningful and the theory comes from history. What's even more valuable is that every article is written in a lively, concise and easy-to-understand manner, and is also accompanied by some precious historical photos, making it very readable and interesting.

The author of "Official Law" and "Gray Survival" is making waves in cultural history again. Big names in official circles appear in all their glory, while little people in society struggle to survive. Zhu Yuanzhang PKed court officials: with an iron-blooded sword, he killed six entire armies and annihilated them; with a common people card, he supported the people at the bottom of the hierarchy to petition. The treasury guard PKs the imperial power: How to steal official silver in a heavily regulated bank area and steal more than 9 million taels of money from the imperial court? Sheng Xuanhuai PK Hu Xueyan: the most famous red-top businessman in an all-out war between officialdom and shopping malls. The feudal officials VS the capital officials: How did Li Hongzhang, Zeng Guofan and other officials fall into the hands of the petty scribes? Government PK bandits: As long as you don't commit any crimes on my territory, I will treat you as an invisible government-bandit tacit understanding. Local officials VS ordinary people: How did a large-scale battle between officials and people happen?

History is of course useful. It is wise to learn from the past and learn from the present. Why do I keep saying it's useless? Because our nation is now too utilitarian. Talking too much about functions will inevitably lead to vulgarity...

The traitors and loyalists in history are all similar, only Cao Cao is very different! Cao Cao's schemes and cunning often make his opponents dizzy and confused, and his despicableness often breaks the moral bottom line. However, he is a saint who cares about the world and cares for all living beings; he is also a tender and talented poet; in the end, he is still an ordinary man who is sensitive, has low self-esteem, and is lonely at heart.

This book is a collection of papers from the academic symposium on the prosperous times of the Han and Tang Dynasties hosted by the School of History of Renmin University of China and the Research Center for Han and Tang History. From the perspective of the evolution of ancient Chinese history, the book comprehensively discusses the charm of the history of the Han and Tang Dynasties, the historical connotation of the prosperous Han and Tang Dynasties, as well as the social, economic, political, legal, institutional, cultural and other issues of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Its greatest feature is that it breaks the research tradition of dynasties and explores new research methods. While returning to the original classics, it also pays attention to the organization and interpretation of new historical materials.

This book focuses on the major events, political and social systems, and political concepts of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It is good at conducting in-depth discussions on historical details and puts forward new insights into a series of important issues in the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It also explores the ideas of research on the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, opening up the field of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom history research. Several new articles are the author's relevant research results in recent years. This book is rich in content, precise in writing, and meticulous in research. It is a classic work in the study of the history of the Taiping Rebellion.

For most periods in ancient times, China was at the center of the development trend of world civilization. Not only is the level of farming and economics world-class, the political system tends to be sophisticated and perfect, and cultural creativity is strong, but Confucian culture has also been spread to surrounding countries, forming an extensive Confucian cultural circle. After experiencing difficult modern changes, today, China has made great progress in all aspects of politics, economy and culture, and the dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is becoming a reality step by step. Here, the wonderful picture of the Chinese people for thousands of years will unfold for you!

History is an ancient science, but the concepts and methods of historical research are advancing with each passing day. This book is based on the author's lectures at Peking University and other schools in recent years. It elaborates and explains various new trends in historical research since the Second World War: First, breaking through the concept of "writing history with a capital" and using the nation-state as the center of historical research; second, focusing on the "marginal" aspects that previous historians have ignored, and advocating " Research on the new cultural history from "bottom up"; third, advocate "memory research" and incorporate ordinary people's oral memories of the past into historical research; fourth, respond to the challenges of globalization and try to write global history, in order to regain and reconstruct the tradition of historians narrating historical evolution and interpreting historical trends based on new cognition.

The center of Qing history research is in China, and there is no doubt that excellent monographs on Qing history should be written by Chinese historians. However, this does not exclude understanding and selectively absorbing the positive results of foreign scholars' research, timely introduction and analysis of academic trends, cutting-edge issues, hot issues and important results of overseas Qing history research, and strengthening exchanges between Qing history research scholars at home and abroad.

In traditional Chinese society, dowry is of great significance to marriage. First of all, it is essential when a woman gets married. Regardless of whether the family is rich or poor, people will try their best to prepare a dowry for their daughter. Secondly, the amount of dowry directly affects the conclusion of marriage. A rich dowry often makes women gain a higher value in the marriage market. Thirdly, dowry brings a series of impacts to the family and society, such as encouraging extravagance in the entire society and leading to dowry disputes after marriage.

Luo Youzhi, a famous American sinologist and a disciple of King Fairbank, specializes in the social history and economic history of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This book is one of her masterpieces. It is a very important monograph in the field of Chinese history research and a precious manual for studying the social structure of China in the Qing Dynasty and the public and private etiquette of the Manchu court. Luo Youzhi has made the greatest contribution we can expect from a good academic work: presenting bold concepts and arguments while providing a solid foundation for future generations of researchers. The questions raised in this book are fascinating and important. Through painstaking archival collecting work, Luo Youzhi unearthed a large amount of very valuable information, making her book a valuable manual for studying the social structure of Qing Dynasty China and the public and private etiquette of the Manchu court. Luo Youzhi's monograph is a milestone and represents the beginning of a new history of the study of China: it is an in-depth study of an imperial China that was far more complex and culturally diverse than we have ever known.

Studying the social nature of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties is the focus of this book. Experts' research on the periodization of ancient history has made great progress in recent years. This book attempts to elaborate from the front and put forward some different views from the past to demonstrate the social nature of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty.

The Chu people had Zhu Rong as their ancestor, and the starting point of their history was originally found in myths and legends. After going through many troubled times, Chu State was able to rise in the south. The people of Chu had the ambition to "reach the sky" and "to be astonishing", and had the courage to "pacify the barbarians" and "belong to the Xia". They finally became one of the five hegemons in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. However, after achieving such achievements, coups and civil strife caused the Chu State to incur huge foreign troubles when Wu's army entered Ying, and its strength was greatly damaged. During the Warring States Period, the State of Chu used Wu Qi's reforms to break out of its predicament and bring improvement to the country. The State of Chu once reached the pinnacle of strength and prosperity. However, during the era of King Huai, he suffered successive setbacks and his power suddenly declined. After that, the capital of Ying fell, and half of the rivers and mountains were occupied by the Qin people. Although the people of Chu tried to make up for the situation, they could no longer change the trend of "six kings, one in the world". During the uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, "Although Chu has three households, Chu will definitely destroy Qin", which left a long coda to the more than 800 years of Chu history.

Everyone is willing to talk about history, and they talk about it well, but not many are really willing to sit down and think about it. It seems from history that she is really a cute girl (she has a high rate of turning heads!) And everyone wants to dress her up. Not only does she dress up, but her current posture is almost like giving her plastic surgery and changing her heart and lungs. Of course, from another perspective, it may not be a bad thing for everyone to talk about history. At least it shows that there is still a market for history, because there are people who are willing to listen, which stimulates groups of people to talk about it. It is a pity that our historians are not aware of this. They will only sit at home and complain that history has been ruined by "talkers", but they are still focused on writing their serious academic papers that only a few or a dozen people can understand. In fact, people who study history or study history can also talk. As long as they can talk in a simple and easy-to-understand way, and express their knowledge and thoughts, there may be people, especially ordinary people, who are willing to read it.

The Mongol Empire and Genghis Khan are the most influential great empires and great historical figures in human history. From political leaders to military strongmen, from historians to business elites, they continue to receive worldwide attention, research and reading. The laws set by the Mongol Empire and Genghis Khan are still profoundly shaping our current situation today. In "The Unprecedented Four Hundred Years of the Mongol Empire", Sun Yaoyang, a famous Yuan history expert, based on the latest authoritative historical materials and research results, took historical events and historical figures as the main line, and added the writing style of novels to authoritatively, comprehensively and three-dimensionally reproduce the history of the most vast empire in history - the unprecedented four hundred years of the Mongol Empire, that is, the rise and fall of Genghis Khan's golden family.

Zeng Shiqiang tells you the 20 secrets of life and work in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". ·The secret of settling down in troubled times ·The secret of Liu Bei's self-made career and ultimate success ·The secret of Cao Cao taking advantage of the situation to grow and develop ·The secret of choosing the right boss and the right person ·The secret of staying invincible despite the turmoil ·The secret of Liu Bei breaking through the bottleneck of development·The secret of seeking a win-win situation in cooperation·The secret of establishing one's own brand in long-term competition·The secret of Kong Ming's management of the Shuhan Group from weak to strong·The secret of Cao Cao gaining power but still failing Secret · The secret of handling the competitive and cooperative relationship well · The secret of seizing the opportunity to make a big situation · The secret of Cao Cao getting the right opportunity but ultimately losing the opportunity · The secret of getting along effectively with the leader · The secret of Guan Yu being famous all over the world but ending in failure · The secret of enduring humiliation to achieve great things · The secret of strong subordinates getting along with the weak boss · The secret of Kong Ming staying late · The secret of choosing a strategy to take advantage of the situation in the game · The secret of explaining the funeral affairs and making the situation continue.

It selects more than 20 of the most famous heroic stories in Chinese history, showing the heroic deeds praised by heroes and praising their noble spirit. The story is vividly described, the characters are lifelike, and it is equipped with exquisite illustrations, making it more interesting and readable, and suitable for young readers. I hope this little book will be loved by young readers and allow children to gain inspiration and gain on the road to healthy growth.

"Fearless and Indifferent" writes from the details of history and reality, displays and analyzes China's problems, disassembles the cultural factors involved, and continues to criticize national character. Historical events hint at the chronic diseases that still exist today, reminding important details that have not been noticed; analysis and research on rural changes since the cooperative movement; social criticism, focusing on commenting on current affairs and various phenomena of the bureaucratic system; personal memories reflect the details of society and the times. [

This book is a collection of cultural and historical essays and a collection of a series of short articles published by the author. The contents include: the pigtails on the back of the New Army's head, the turmoil in military training at the small station, the Queen Mother of the West who knows how to live a good life, the cultural addiction of the Chinese, the changes in face, Chinese universities, people who are hungry and talk about reading, the disappearing ancient border city, etc.

Dao Erden looks at history upside down and talks about the ancients in a tricky way; he combines the "literary" of Li Ling and the "martial arts" of Wang Xiaobo. This book is a collection of historical and cultural essays by Dao Erden. It uses an alternative perspective and sharp writing to rewrite various characters and anecdotes in history. Dao Erden's writing style is calm and measured, not extravagant, and only stops when it is good. It is often mistaken for profoundness. In fact, what he pursues is either profound or cunning. "From the perspective of ordinary people, during the Shunkang period, except for the many braids on the head, life was not much different from before. Customs remained the same, human relations remained the same, and tofu still tasted the same as before." "The rich man sent his son to study and become an official. A fat and white boy went out and came back and became a Confucian scholar." "There are ghosts at home and gods on the mountain, and you can't afford to offend anyone. So you go to the temple to burn incense, go to the temple to ask for fortune-telling, and there are hundreds of miscellaneous gods. You have to kowtow. This is because the meniscus of the ancients was easily injured."

In China's five thousand years of vicissitudes of history, the Tang Dynasty was undoubtedly the most glorious era. Tang Taizong Li Shimin, Empress Wu Zetian, poet Li Bai, general Guo Ziyi, practitioner of open communication Xuanzang, etc. The above-mentioned outstanding workers engaged in various special tasks represent the vast group behind them. Together with the events they encountered, they constituted the 290-year history of the Tang Dynasty...

"The Rise of the Great Powers" Wales uses his broad vision and bright and concise writing style to present the history of a world power from success to glory to readers in an orderly manner. This classic work not only has extraordinary appeal, but also has extraordinary value.

Our country is an ancient civilization with a splendid culture and a long history of 5,000 years. Our ancestors have created a splendid cultural heritage for us with their amazing creativity. But while history has left us with countless treasures worthy of study and collection, it has also left us with unsolved mysteries. Many historical truths cannot be restored based on existing data. Unsolved mysteries are everywhere...

This book artistically records the thousand-year history of Moutai liquor, and comprehensively presents the growth and development of Moutai liquor from different aspects by telling stories. The collected stories are composed in three ways: first, the writer's own story; second, stories of others selected from the publicly collected Moutai stories; third, historical stories related to Moutai such as folklore, diplomatic anecdotes, etc. Obtained from the Moutai Group and searched from the Internet.

This book vividly shows the rise and fall of historical chaos, and the success and failure of characters: the most profound Confucian wisdom starts from conquering people's hearts, seeking saints instead of seeking wisdom; the most vicious Legalist wisdom takes law, power, and skills as the core, and uses conspiracy and Power controls the people; the most comprehensive Taoist wisdom is to rule the world with the mind through "non-struggle"; the most transcendent Buddhist wisdom is to choose to pursue the inner heart in the face of the world and the transcendent world, being a human being and becoming a Buddha, seeking Buddha and seeking oneself...

When Chu and Han fought, why did Liu Bang finally dominate the world? Han Xin, who was able to command thousands of troops with ease, died at the hands of a woman! Why was Zhou Yafu, a pillar of two dynasties, accused of "not rebelling above ground, but also rebelling underground"? Scholars can hardly build a country, but reckless people can become heroes. What's the truth? As the most representative era in China, the history of the Han Dynasty contains endless wisdom, including strategy, human nature, and life...

How to survive in the ever-changing political arena? Love, family affection, career, how did the ancients choose? Will the young emperor seize the imperial power or become a puppet? "Who Writes History in Three Thousand Years: The Law of Advance and Retreat in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" takes you back to the last moments of the empire to see the advancement and retreat of the officialdom of the ancients, and the gains and losses of power!

The Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties were one of the most special periods in China's feudal history. During this period, there were both the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms with frequent dynasty changes. At this time, strategy became the protagonist of feudal politics and had a great influence. However, strategy is just a technique, and it is ultimately controlled by human nature. Therefore, rather than saying that strategy affects history, it is better to say that human nature shapes history. This book vividly interprets the relationship between human nature and strategy during this period...

Official unofficial history; national geography; Chinese studies; global archives; new readings of old cases; records of old knowledge; historical witness; historical insider information; characters; discussing history over wine

City memory; archive decryption; national history; military time; era; strange stories; various aspects of the world; anecdotes about people; social phenomena; new knowledge and mysteries; educated youth channel.

Common people's stories; unofficial history of officials; tea bowls; Chinese studies; global archives; new readings of old cases; records of old knowledge; historical insiders; characters; discussing history over wine.

China is an ancient civilization with a history of five thousand years, and many strategic stories have been handed down, shining like bright stars. In those bygone years, Chinese strategies were everywhere, covering politics...

Children's words and actions often unconsciously imitate their idols. The stories of heroes can allow children to feel the spirit of heroes and cultivate a courageous spirit that is not afraid of dangers, while also inspiring them to build up the confidence to face difficulties tenaciously. Every child should listen to the stories of heroes as they grow up, and learn about the heroic deeds from an early age. Let the excellent character and noble spirit of kindness, bravery, sincerity, perseverance, and perseverance infiltrate the children's hearts. Let them understand the principles of life from an early age, constantly improve themselves, and learn the spirit of heroes. Follow the path of heroes and create heroic achievements.

Folktales are a literary form that is popular among the people. Folktales have a wide range of themes, rich content, lively language, and strange imagination, and contain praise for courage, optimism, kindness and other sentiments...

The inheritance and accumulation of culture are extremely profound. As the carrier of cultural inheritance, Chinese language has continuously recorded the ups and downs in the long history of China, and idioms are a shining pearl in Chinese language. They are concise and accurate...

For a long time, people have paid attention to the glory of the Tang Dynasty, but ignored the flaws behind it. The original intention of this book "The Window Paper of the Tang Dynasty" written by Gao Jinguo is to talk about the scenery "behind the prosperity" of the Tang Dynasty, so that the "deified" Tang Dynasty can return to its simplicity.

The traitors and loyalists in history are all similar, only Cao Cao is very different! Cao Cao's schemes and cunning often make his opponents dizzy and confused, and his despicableness often breaks the moral bottom line. However, he is a saint who cares about the world and cares for all living beings; he is also a tender and talented poet; in the end, he is still an ordinary man who is sensitive, has low self-esteem, and is lonely at heart.

The traitors and loyalists in history are all similar, only Cao Cao is very different! Cao Cao's schemes and cunning often make his opponents dizzy and confused, and his despicableness often breaks the moral bottom line. However, he is a saint who cares about the world and cares for all living beings; he is also a tender and talented poet; in the end, he is still an ordinary man who is sensitive, has low self-esteem, and is lonely at heart.

"Secrets of the Political and Maritime Affairs - A Record of China's Over a Century" is Mr. Cheng Siyuan's review and summary of history. From the reorganization meeting held by Chiang Kai-shek after the victory of the Northern Expedition until the catastrophe of the "Cultural Revolution" and the death of Li Zongren, it gives a relatively objective description of many influential events between the Guangxi clique and the Chiang Kai-shek clique and within the Guangxi clique.