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In ancient times, the northern and southern sides of the Mediterranean belonged to the same civilization circle, which was the Roman world created by the Romans. The separation did not begin until after the 7th century. The Roman world perished when the Mediterranean ceased to be an inland sea, and when the Mediterranean ceased to be a thoroughfare connecting people and became a boundary sea that separated people. In the future, the Mediterranean Sea became such an ocean. There must be a Saracen Tower built on the top of the seaside cliff to notify people of the attack of Saracen pirates and let people flee. There were also ships full of Crusaders heading east sailing on the sea. When 1000 AD passed, the Italian maritime city-states of Pisa, Genoa and Venice were increasingly prospering in their trade with the Eastern Islamic world, and the Mediterranean gradually became a sea for trading ships to sail back and forth. Later, the Mediterranean Sea became the sea of ​​the Renaissance era that held high the banner of the revival of ancient times and the revival of human rights. In 476 AD, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Mediterranean entered an era of division among the powerful. "With a sword in his right hand and a Quran in his left hand", Saracen pirates who were good at plundering and kidnapping were wreaking havoc in the Mediterranean. The order of the Mediterranean was broken, and their barbaric behavior caused the people of the Mediterranean to suffer from plunder. Then the Ottoman Empire used the pirates in North Africa as a stepping stone to enter the Mediterranean and pressed hard on the Christian world. In contrast, Spain led by Carlos, who also served as Holy Roman Emperor in the Christian world, France led by Francis I, and the Republic of Venice, etc. The ideas and interests of different countries and leaders were intertwined, and the great powers fought against each other. In order to fight against the Islamic pirates, the military forces of Christendom gathered together...

The full name of Jordan is the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It is located in western Asia and is basically a landlocked country. Jordan is relatively short of fresh water and not rich in oil resources. Jordan is relatively open, its people live a relatively prosperous life, and its economy and society are relatively stable. Tourism is one of Jordan's pillar industries, and Petra, the Dead Sea, and Wadi Rum Desert are all popular tourist destinations for tourists from all over the world. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces all aspects of Jordan's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy.

When people think of Switzerland, they think of the beautiful Lake Geneva, the magnificent Alpine snow-capped mountains, the fragrant Nescafe coffee, the mysterious bank, the legendary Swiss watch that has gone through centuries, and the unique system of "armed neutrality" but all the people are soldiers, practicing "neutrality" but pursuing an active foreign policy, and so on. Indeed, this small pocket-sized country in central Western Europe carries too many legends. It is a country where nature and human civilization have developed to the extreme perfection and harmony. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces Switzerland's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy.

How did the British Empire rise and shape the modern world in just 400 years? In Britain today, has its dominance ended? In a new book, Niall Ferguson, one of Britain's foremost financial historians, delves into the rise of the British Empire and its important role in politics, economics and world trade. How can this rainy archipelago country overlooking the northwestern coast of the European continent achieve global dominance? This is not only a concern of British history, but also a fundamental issue that needs to be explained in world history. The author does not intend to describe the general history of the British Empire in detail in this book, but only wants to record the development of globalization driven by the British Empire and its colonies. "Empire" is generally based on a chronological framework, mainly focusing on the six major themes of commodity market globalization, labor market globalization, cultural globalization, political system globalization, capital market globalization, and war globalization to record the reasons for the rise of an empire and its profound impact on other countries. Reading this book will definitely help you understand the rise of the empire and the subtle process of the transfer of imperial power. At the same time, from a historical perspective, you will understand the role of the rise of the British Empire in the process of world history.

Bosnia and Herzegovina, referred to as "Bosnia and Herzegovina", is located in the central and western part of the Balkan Peninsula. The capital, Sarajevo, is the intersection of Eastern and Western cultures, where Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism, Islam, and Judaism take root. Known as "the most beautiful town in Eastern Europe", Mostar is unforgettable with its clear rivers, spectacular valleys and quaint castles. This book provides a comprehensive overview of Bosnia and Herzegovina's national conditions, history, politics, economy, military, diplomacy and other basic situations.

Canada is a large North American country that spans three oceans. It is a multi-racial and multi-ethnic multicultural country. It has experienced the transition from a colony to a dominion to an independent federal country. It is a country with abundant resources, developed economy and stable society. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to Fiji from various aspects such as geography, history, politics, economy, military, society, culture, and diplomacy. It has important reference value for readers to get closer to and understand Canada.

Burkina Faso and Togo are two small neighboring countries in West Africa, with a combined area of ​​just over 330,000 square kilometers. One of them is located inland, and the other is close to the Gulf of Guinea, but their official language is French. They also have many things in common during their historical development. They are important agricultural and mineral resource countries in West Africa. There has been little research on them in Chinese academic circles. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the natural and human environment of these two countries, as well as the history, politics, economy, military, culture, education and foreign relations of these two countries. The information is informative and novel, the discussion is objective and fair, and the writing is smooth. It has important reference value for those who study African issues, especially those who are interested in developing economic, trade and cultural exchanges with West Africa.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country on the Saudi Arabian Peninsula, accounting for approximately 80% of the total area of ​​the Arabian Peninsula. The desert occupies about half of the country's area. There are no permanent rivers and lakes throughout the territory. The climate is dry and hot. There is abundant oil under the sand sea. It is one of the world's top oil producers and exporters. Saudi Arabia has a long history. The Prophet Muhammad began preaching in Mecca in the 7th century AD. Mecca is the holiest site in Islam, and millions of people go to Mecca every year for pilgrimage. Mecca, where Muhammad is buried, is the second holiest site in Islam.

Bangladesh is like a piece of green emerald, embedded in the subcontinent on the southern side of the Himalayas. The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers meet in its hinterland, making it the third largest river in the world. It is home to the Bengal tiger and has the longest natural beach in the world. In this beautiful land, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam have each taken the lead. It is a young country with a long history and rich culture. Since its independence in 1971, in less than 40 years, its democratic politics has gradually matured, and its economy and society have continued to develop, leaving a distinct and profound impression on the world. The friendly relations between Bangladesh and China are as long-standing as the Brahmaputra River and as indestructible as the Himalayas.

Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in sub-Saharan Africa, located in the Eastern and Southern Africa Plateau, the largest area on the African continent. The area and climate characteristics are similar to those of Yunnan Province in my country. The climate here is pleasant and the scenery is picturesque. The famous Victoria Falls is located on the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. Its majesty and majestic momentum make it a fascinating place for domestic and foreign tourists. The ancient stone city displayed in the ruins of Great Zimbabwe is regarded as one of the symbols of Zimbabwe and even African civilization. It also makes Zimbabwe the only country in the world whose name is based on archaeological excavations. Due to the invasion of modern colonialists, Zimbabwe's traditional civilization and social development trajectory have been distorted. Zimbabwe truly gained new life on April 18, 1980, becoming one of the later countries on the African continent to gain independence. In the past 30 years, Zimbabwe has attracted the world's attention from time to time with its unique development process. The author Chen Yulai went to Zimbabwe for a short-term academic visit in 1987 with funding from the Ford Foundation in the United States. He was one of the first Chinese scholars to visit Zimbabwe in the new era of reform and opening up. During the visit, the author traveled throughout urban and rural areas and participated in many local community activities under the guidance of local people, gaining a large amount of vivid information and impressions.

Tunisia is an Arab country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has a long history. As early as 1200 BC, the Phoenicians entered Tunisia and created the splendid Carthaginian civilization. Since the 1980s, Tunisia has accelerated its pace of modernization and has become one of the countries with the most outstanding development results in West Asia and Africa.

Was the Roman Empire ended by "barbarians"? In this latest masterpiece by Princeton University historian Professor O'Donnell, we will discover that the decline of the Roman Empire can by no means be summed up by a simple sentence: "Barbarism always defeats civilization." Culturally, the Romans respected Greek culture, but regarded other conquered peoples as "barbarians" and believed that they did not need to respect these peoples and cultures, nor did they need to promote Roman culture to them. But you must know that no society can rely solely on force to protect itself. Economically, the fragile economic model of the Roman Empire directly resulted in a long period of poverty and misery, all of which could have been avoided. The Romans also discovered, slowly and the hard way, that religion could powerfully shape society and promote the common good, but it also brought conflict and division. Empires are not eternal, and those things that should have been possible but haven't are always like a shadow hanging over past successes. The decline of the Roman Empire also foreshadowed today's crisis and provided reference for solving today's crisis.

This set contains: two works "My Promised Land" and "A Hundred Years Across the Middle East". "Across a Century of Middle East" discusses the ins and outs of a century of disputes in the Middle East through travel and research. Taking the historical context as a guide, the book summarizes the Middle East issues into several major topics and divides them into chapters, interspersed with the author's on-site observations, and reproduces the centuries-old contradictions and conflicts in the Middle East in the form of stories. "My Promised Land" is a shocking history of the founding of the State of Israel, as well as a history of the struggle and rejuvenation of the Jewish nation over the past century. The author Ali Shavit uses his own family story as an introduction, and through personal experiences, in-depth interviews, historical documents, personal diaries, letters, etc., Through each gripping individual story, he attempts to describe the panoramic history of Israel, so as to elicit deeper thinking about the Israeli state, and conduct a historical sorting out the origins of disputes in the Middle East.

The African continent is rich in resources and has a large population, but most countries are relatively backward in development. The author selects three representative countries, Somalia, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe, to sort out their modern histories and explore the reasons for the success and decline of African countries.

Germany is the second country to achieve urbanization after the United Kingdom. Due to its unique industrialization development path, its urbanization development model is also unique. This book systematically sorts out the development process of urbanization in modern Germany using David Northam's phased rules of urbanization as a starting point. The book examines the development model of urbanization in modern Germany from the aspects of urban population growth, changes in spatial structure, transformation of industrial structure, and the development dynamics of urbanization. On this basis, it summarizes the characteristics of German urbanization and can provide some useful inspiration for my country's current urbanization development. Influenced by the Rhine industrialization development model and Germany's special national conditions, German urbanization not only presents an imbalance between the priority growth of large cities and regional development, but also forms a "decentralized urban pattern", thus forming a special urbanization path. The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization also became important factors in Germany's strong rise in the late 19th century.

As the agency responsible for the European Recovery Plan, the Economic Cooperation Agency played a unique role in promoting the reconstruction of Western Europe in the early post-World War II period. The Economic Cooperation Agency has a set of independent and relatively complete organizational systems that widely attract people from business, labor and other interest groups, thus establishing an ideal platform for civil society organizations, experts with rich experience and government officials to jointly solve various complex problems in the implementation of the European Renaissance Plan. The Economic Cooperation Agency played an important role in the implementation of the European Renaissance Plan, enabling the U. S. Government and interest groups to basically realize the original intentions of formulating the European Renaissance Plan, including promoting the economic recovery of Western Europe, curbing the expansion of communism in Western Europe, and promoting free trade. However, the Economic Cooperation Agency has unilaterally exaggerated the demonstration role of the American model and ignored Europe's complex political, economic and cultural conditions. It is actually intervening and designing the path of European modernization in accordance with the will of the United States. While many Western European countries introduced American production and management methods, they also selectively resisted and transformed American culture, including American corporate production methods. The Economic Cooperation Agency's vision of extending the U. S. Development model to other parts of the world is unlikely to be realized.

"A Minimalist History of Science: 2,500 Years of Human Exploration of the World and Self" is a new overview of 2,500 years of human exploration of the world and self. Where do we come from? What is the world made of? What else is beyond the earth? We look up at the stars and relentlessly explore, discover, question, and unravel a series of mysteries about nature and ourselves. We originate from nature, but we transcend nature. On this dangerous planet, compared to other species, human beings can develop and grow in an orderly manner, and the most important thing is because we have mastered the power of science. But to truly understand science, we must understand its past. "Minimalist History of Science" is also a "history of science that is very different from tradition." From the early scientific exploration of mankind to the proposal of the Big Bang theory in the 20th century, from the origin of science in the ancient Greek era to the birth of modern science in the 16th and 17th centuries, from the rise of earth science, the prosperity of life science to the exploration of the universe... This book returns to those scientific classics that changed the way we view the world, the universe and ourselves, and fascinatingly tells the great process of the change of scientific concepts and the development of ideas. From Hippocrates, Plato and Aristotle to Einstein, Schrödinger and Dawkins, these great minds who expanded the boundaries of human knowledge not only changed the trajectory of scientific development, but also contributed to revolutions in human vision and ways of thinking. This book reminds us that science is not an absolutely reliable guide to the truth, but our understanding of the world, a way of understanding the world, and a purely human pursuit. The greatest value of human beings is the never-ending exploration of the unknown world. The story of science is one of the most interesting stories in human history. Everyone who has ever been curious about the world should read this book to understand this extraordinary history.

"Student Edition Historical Classic Illustrated Reader: General History of the World (Set of Volumes 1 and 2)" tells the story from the prehistoric period 3 million years ago to the 21st century, recording the changes in various parts of the world. "Student Edition Historical Classic Illustrated Reader: General History of the World (Set of Volumes 1 and 2)" takes time as the line, major historical events and important historical figures as points, and is divided into ancient parts, modern parts, and modern parts. It unfolds in the form of wonderful and vivid short stories, showing the changes in dynasties, social development, and civilization changes in various places. At the same time, the book is also equipped with more than 200 hand-drawn illustrations by famous artists, which are lively and vivid, helping readers better learn world history.

The American Revolution was a strange revolution. It has no direct cause of oppression, and the reasons for its outbreak are complex but rational. Why couldn't the British rulers at the time save their country? Why did the colonies eventually choose independence? What exactly is "new" about America? It is the United States, this "new type of country", that has solved the problem of how the people of a large country can introduce democracy without being divided or divided again by democracy. The book describes the political deliberations between Britain and the United States before the American Revolutionary War, and points out that the American Revolutionary War was actually a civil war in the British Empire, and the result of the civil war was the split of the British Empire. The author comprehensively demonstrates the uniqueness of the American Revolution to readers by analyzing the governance structure of the North American colonies and the crisis caused by the British Empire's imperial reform movement after the Seven Years' War.

This is a "history told through travelers' stories". It is divided into two parts. The first part revolves around the author's life experience in a small town in the Nile Delta in the years before and after writing his doctoral thesis. In the second part, he uses ancient Cairo documents to take readers to a small village in Egypt in the 12th century, constructing a novelized history based on the life of a Jewish merchant and his slaves. Ghosh transcends eras and genres to show how medieval mores intertwined with the desires and dissatisfactions of the twentieth century. The book contains both original conversation records and the author's academic research. It is a synthesis of historical narrative, fieldwork and travel notes. It is also a history full of emotions and prejudices between Egypt and India. The style is unique and fascinating. This book is based on the author's social and historical research, combined with the author's intellectual background and anthropological concerns, without losing the delicate literary description, with a broad vision and rich originality.

Official history background, novel style. Focus on the overall situation and restore the truth. Assassinations in world history focus on historical moments, and use a general overview to explain how assassinations affect the historical process. Restore the assassination scene with precious historical photos to give readers a clearer reading experience. Lincoln - the presidential bodyguard is unreliable; Gandhi - if you don't use violence, I will use violence; Caesar, Marat, Ito Hirobumi, Archduke Ferdinand...

This book tells the origins of the American Revolution from a new perspective. The author carefully researches primary sources from the United Kingdom and the United States. It reproduces the sharp conflicts between the British authorities and the North American expatriates in the three years before the outbreak of the American Revolution in a fair tone (1772-1775). It also analyzes the roles played by well-known figures in British politics and economics, such as Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and Thomas Hutchinson, during this period.

This book is a historical work that depicts the "history of World War I" from a new perspective. Different from traditional "History of World War I" works that mostly focus on military progress on the battlefield, this book places more ink outside the battlefield, mainly reproducing the social status quo of various countries before and after the outbreak of the war, the conflicts between countries, the reactions of ordinary people in various countries facing the war, the media reports at the time, and the far-reaching impact of this war on the participating countries. The book involves many famous historical figures, including Hitler who was just a messenger at the time, de Gaulle who was captured in the Battle of Verdun, French writer Gide who later won the Nobel Prize for Literature, Georges Clemenceau, the then French Prime Minister, etc. How did they perform during the First World War? This book contains comprehensive disclosures.

The author details the fall of Poland, the battle conditions on the French front, and the ravages of the Nordic countries. In addition, as the British Lord of the Admiralty at the time, the author keenly observed the importance of naval warfare in the upcoming war. Therefore, relevant equipment and personnel were carefully prepared in advance, and he also specifically mentioned the importance of magnetic mines in naval warfare. The author gives a thorough description of the haze that permeated Europe due to Nazi Germany's "tyranny" in the early days of the war, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the real scene of the "dark and unclear war".

Brunei is located in the northwest of Kalimantan Island and has been ruled by chiefs since ancient times. The Sultanate was established in the 15th century and reached its peak in the 16th century. It became a British "protectorate" in 1888 and gained complete independence in 1984. After the discovery of oil in 1929, Brunei's economy underwent tremendous changes. Brunei's beautiful and pristine scenery, spotless streets, beautifully designed houses, and humble and courteous people are all impressive. It can be described as a "peaceful country" like a "paradise". With rich and detailed information, this book comprehensively and systematically introduces the development and current situation of Brunei's politics, history, economy, society, culture and diplomacy.

Romania, located in the northeastern Balkans, is known as the "corner of paradise". The Carpathian Mountains, Danube River and Black Sea give her diverse scenery. Its inextricable connection with the Romans demonstrates the noble ancestry that Romanians are proud of. Romania has generally gone through the processes of feudalization, de-Ottomanization, socialization, and Europeanization, and now seeks modernization under the Euro-Atlantic integration structure. Romania and China have a profound traditional friendship, and the "Belt and Road" construction and the "16+1 Cooperation" mechanism have injected new impetus into the development of bilateral relations. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces all aspects of Romania's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy.

Iceland is known as the "Land of Ice and Fire" because its underground is filled with hot magma and there are vast ice fields on the ground. And because it is located in a corner of the Atlantic Ocean and close to the Arctic Circle, it has received little attention from the world and is jokingly called "the place forgotten by God." Despite this, this sparsely populated island country has many world firsts, such as the creation of the oldest democratically elected parliament in Europe and the world. Its per capita freshwater resources, hydropower and geothermal resource usage ratios are among the highest in the world. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces all aspects of Iceland's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy.

Türkiye is located at the junction of Europe and Asia and is the center of the intersection and collision of Eurasian civilizations. Türkiye has a long history and diverse cultures. Turkic culture, Arab-Islamic culture, Western culture, etc. Blend here, and many religions such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism meet here. In the process of democratization and globalization, Türkiye faces the huge tension between "tradition" and "modernity" and actively explores the identification of cultural identity and the path of social development. With rich and detailed information, this book comprehensively and systematically introduces the development and current situation of Turkey's politics, history, economy, science, education, ethnicity and religion.

Singapore, also known as the "Lion City", is an island country in Southeast Asia. Since independence, Singapore has relied on the spirit of "crossing the river by feeling for the stones" to develop into one of the richest countries in the world. Its economic model is called "state capitalism"; it is also known for its stable political situation and clean and efficient government; its unique political and social development model is called the "Singapore Model"; and it is known as the "Garden City" for its neat city appearance and ubiquitous green trees and flowers. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces Singapore's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy.

Vanuatu is a Y-shaped archipelago country in the South Pacific. It is the birthplace of bungee jumping and the most unique tourist destination among Pacific island countries. It was once a joint trusteeship of Britain and France. It gained independence in 1980. In 2006, it topped the "Happiness Index" rankings of the British New Economics Foundation, becoming the "happiest country" in the world. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces all aspects of Vanuatu's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy, fills the research gap in the academic community, and provides an important reference for people to understand the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu.

Nepal, the alpine kingdom, is our friendly neighbor and is known as the "Switzerland of the East". Eight of the world's ten famous peaks are located in Nepal or on its borders with neighboring countries. Although Nepal is small in size, it is rich in water conservancy resources, animal and plant resources, and has a long history and splendid culture. The unique climate and natural conditions nurture more than 20 million hard-working, brave, simple and kind-hearted people. This book will give readers a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Nepal.

Germany, located in central Europe, is a "country of poets and thinkers" and is also a major economic and technological power in the world today. Its post-war "economic miracle" has attracted the world's attention, and its overcoming resistance to achieve national reunification has made the world deeply aware of the wisdom of the German nation. By opening this book, readers will get closer to Germany and gain a comprehensive understanding of Germany.

Israel is an "old" yet "young" and legendary country. Here is the Jewish nation that contributed a Bible; here is Jerusalem, the holy land common to the three major monotheistic religions; here is highly developed democratic politics, modern agriculture, industry, military industry and high-tech industries; here is the most acute ethnic contradiction and conflict in the world today... The British Jewish thinker Isaiah Berlin lamented that here "there is too much history, but not enough land." This book comprehensively and systematically introduces all aspects of Israel's politics, history, economy, society, culture, and diplomacy.

The Republic of Moldova is referred to as "Moldova" for short. Although it is a small European country, it is quite unique. It seeks to survive and develop among big and powerful countries, maintain the national spirit and inherit the national culture. Moldova has "clear weather and peaceful scenery". It is a place where people are intoxicated by its fine grape wine and a place where the wind is clear and the moon is white, and it is quiet. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to Moldova from all aspects of geography, history, politics, economy, military, society, culture, and diplomacy. We hope that through this book, Chinese people will understand Moldova, pay attention to Moldova, get closer to Moldova, and discover the unknown beauty of this small European country.

The Republic of Fiji, referred to as "Fiji", is located in the southwest Pacific and has the reputation of "a country of many islands" and "an island country on the meridian". Fiji has a long history and cultural tradition. It is not only a transportation hub in the South Pacific, but also the location of the main campus of the University of the South Pacific. Fiji's economy is dominated by agriculture, with sugar industry and tourism being the two pillars of the national economy. The long history, leisurely life, and typical tropical style are organically integrated into today's Fiji. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to Fiji from all aspects of geography, history, politics, economy, military, society, culture, and diplomacy.

The United States is the world's most powerful country, the leader of the developed Western economies, an important leader of multiple regional economic and trade cooperation organizations, and the main setter of modern and contemporary world governance rules. The United States is also China's largest trading partner and main economic competitor, and is the largest external variable in China's peaceful development. In bilateral and multilateral fields, the United States will still have far-reaching and huge influence on China now and for a long time to come. A thorough understanding of the United States is still an important international assignment for China today. With rich information, comprehensive discussion, and popular writing, this book provides readers with a new key to understanding the United States.

Guinea is located on the west coast of West Africa. It has many plateaus and mountains. It is the birthplace of many rivers in West Africa. It is known as the "Water Tower of West Africa" ​​and is also known as a "geological miracle". In history, Guinea has a heroic epic of armed resistance to French invasion, and was the first country in French Africa to declare independence. Guinea is the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to establish diplomatic relations with China. Currently, the friendly cooperative relations between the two countries are developing actively and steadily. With rich and detailed information, this book comprehensively and systematically introduces the development and current situation of Guinea's politics, history, economy, science, education, ethnicity and religion.

The Kingdom of Cambodia, referred to as Cambodia, is located in the southern part of the Indochina Peninsula. It is an ancient civilization in Southeast Asia with a long history. It owns the Angkor monument, a common treasure of human history and culture. Cambodia has been under colonial rule for nearly a hundred years, and has experienced wars and turmoil since independence. After the signing of the Paris Peace Agreement in 1993, Cambodia truly embarked on a path of development of peace, independence, and neutrality. In recent years, Cambodia's political development has been relatively stable and its economy has maintained a high growth rate, giving this ancient civilization a new charm.

Bahrain is known as the "Bride of the Gulf" and "Pearl of the Persian Gulf". It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the Arab world. Bahrain, which is in the midst of exchanges between Eastern and Western civilizations, occupies an important historical position in the Middle East. Its unique and novel geographical, economic and cultural charm has attracted generations of scholars to use their vigorous perspectives, fiery emotions and poetic brushstrokes to outline a vivid and colorful picture of Bahrain, which is ancient and young, traditional and modern, close to the desert and facing the sea.

New Zealand is the second largest country in Oceania. It is a multi-ethnic country composed mainly of European immigrants and indigenous Maori people, showing a colorful and diverse population. Since gaining independence from British colonial rule in the early 1930s, the economy has made great progress, the society has continued to progress, and it has now entered the ranks of developed countries. In recent years, the political, economic and cultural exchanges between my country and New Zealand have developed rapidly, and people urgently need to understand the history, current situation, customs and customs of this country. This book provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to New Zealand. This is the revised second edition.

Sea water, blue sky, rocks, beaches, palm trees, luxury hotels near the sea, castle-like maritime fortresses, Baroque knight palaces, small islands where European knights gathered together, the footprints of our ancestors, and the footsteps of Christ's apostles. This is Malta - a holiday paradise on the Mediterranean. This book is a Malta travel guide tailored for Chinese people. The author has experienced the local area personally and has first-hand rich materials. It covers all kinds of information on nature, history, culture, economy, customs and festivals, food, accommodation, entertainment, shopping, transportation and communications. It is an excellent companion for you to travel to Malta.

Uzbekistan is an ancient Central Asian civilization on the ancient Silk Road and has a long history of exchanges with China. Uzbekistan is rich in gold, cotton, oil and natural gas (known as the country of four golds: yellow, white, Uzbek and blue). This book comprehensively displays the historical changes and current features of this country that not only preserves ancient culture but is also willing to accept modern civilization. China-Uzbekistan relations have developed rapidly, and cooperation in energy, economy and trade has continued. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces Uzbekistan's political, historical, economic, social, cultural, and diplomatic situations.

The Republic of Maldives is an island country with a long history in the Indian Ocean, with many islands and a small land area. The Maldives is known as the "Garland Islands" and "Island of Palaces". It has beautiful scenery and charming scenery. It is one of the ideal tourist destinations in the world. Tourism and fishing are the pillar industries of the Maldives economy. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to the Maldives from various aspects such as geography, history, politics, economy, military, culture, and diplomacy.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, referred to as "Vietnam", is located in the eastern part of the Indochina Peninsula and is a neighbor with long-standing relations with China. The long and narrow land 3\u002F4 is composed of mountains and plateaus. The Red River and Mekong River basins are densely populated and have developed agriculture. After the unification of Vietnam in 1976, especially after the implementation of economic reforms in 1986, Vietnam's society and economy have made great progress after going through vicissitudes of life. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to Vietnam from various aspects such as geography, history, politics, economy, military, culture, and diplomacy.

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is located in the northern part of South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea to the north. It has beautiful scenery and unique scenery. It is one of the countries with the most diverse and complex ecological environment in the world, and is known as the "Land of Waterfalls". Originally an Indian settlement, it became a Spanish colony in the mid-16th century and became independent in 1811. It is the "cradle of the Latin American Revolution." Venezuela is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and one of the world's major oil producers, playing an increasing role in international oil affairs. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to Venezuela from all aspects of geography, history, politics, economy, military, culture, and diplomacy.

Kuwait is a small desert country located in the northeast corner of the Arabian Peninsula. The Gulf War once made it the focus of media attention from various countries. It has extremely rich oil reserves. In the past quarter of a century, it has created a "desert miracle" that has amazed the world. Its per capita GDP ranks among the top in the world. It is a welfare state with strong wealth. This book is a work that comprehensively introduces the national conditions of Kuwait. It not only covers the history, politics, economy, culture and other aspects, but also covers its science and technology, culture, military, diplomacy and China-Kuwait relations. It fills the publishing gap of panoramic introduction to all aspects of Kuwait.

Australia is known as the "Pearl of the Southern Hemisphere". It has developed from an immigrant colony into a developed capitalist country. It is the largest island country with pastures and rich mining resources. It is a major Australian country with great influence in the Asia-Pacific region, the Commonwealth and even the international community. It is also a multicultural country created by Australian Aboriginals, white immigrants and Asian ethnic groups. It is also a magical land with unique natural landscapes and rare flora and fauna. This book comprehensively displays Australia's national conditions and its natural and humanistic features to readers. This is the revised third edition.

The United Arab Emirates, located on the southern coast of the eastern Gulf of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia, is a federal union of seven emirates in the coastal and inland areas. It is the only country in the world today that participates in the United Nations and other international organizations under the name of an emirate. The United Arab Emirates is a small country with a small population, but it has a long history of civilization and is an oil-rich country. Since its independence in the early 1970s, China has experienced rapid economic development and achieved world-renowned achievements. This book provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to the United Arab Emirates from various aspects including geography, history, politics, economy, military, culture, and diplomacy.

The French Republic, referred to as "France" or "France", is located in the west of the European continent and is the second largest country in the European continent after Russia. France has a long historical and cultural tradition and is one of the birthplaces of modern Western civilization. A long history, modern civilization, and romantic feelings are organically integrated into France today.