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The materials compiled in this collection of documents are the "Central Daily News" news reports on the Sino-Japanese conflict and the League of Nations' handling of the conflict after the September 18th Incident, which started from September 1931 when China complained to the League of Nations and ended in January 1932 when the League of Nations investigation team was formally established. These news materials reflect the tortuous formation process of the League of Nations investigation team, reveal the conflicts between China and Japan on the diplomatic stage of the League of Nations, and the changes in the attitudes of Western powers such as Britain, France and the United States towards the Sino-Japanese conflict.

This series of books organically and harmoniously combines traditional education with future prospects, guiding contemporary Chinese people to follow the modern trend of integrating the long and ancient Chinese civilization into world development.

"Traditional Chinese Studies" was founded in 2006. It is an irregular academic journal with high academic quality. This volume is the 22nd and contains fifteen papers, divided into "Special Articles", "Jingzi Research", "Historical Research", "Literature Research" and "Famous Scholars". It provides many scholars with the latest research results on traditional Chinese politics, economy, society, customs and etiquette, etc. It is profound and innovative.

The Chinese culture advocates peace and pursues the ideal personality of moderation. When multiple cultures meet, they are good at integrating, not biased or resentful, and prefer harmony and balance, so that the Chinese nation continues to develop and grow. Chinese culture is like a sea of ​​hundreds of rivers, vast and boundless. "Chinese Cultural History" describes China's extraordinary process of land development, national formation, social evolution, economic and cultural development, and political evolution from prehistory to the present. In order to fully present this magnificent history, this book uses nearly 12 million words, 8 volumes and 245 volumes to describe it.

The gorgeous beams and pillars of the late Qing Empire have long been eaten away by termites. During the Gengzi period, Empress Dowager Cixi ushered in the most painful year of her life: royalists overseas were waving their flags, and Sun Yat-sen was shouting in Guangdong. The southeastern provinces united to protect each other, but they seemed to be in harmony with the Qing court. With the tacit approval of the imperial war faction, the Boxer Rebellion spread rapidly and brought disaster to Beijing and Tianjin. The commanders of the Eight-Power Allied Forces marched into Beijing, and instantly Kyoto was in trouble. The two palaces made a hurried tour to the west, which lasted for one year and four months. Li Hongzhang was ordered to go north, negotiate with the great powers, and complete the last political mission in his life. After the "Xinchou Treaty" was signed, the Qing government scraped bones to heal its wounds, implemented the New Deal, and mended the already riddled Qing Dynasty.

The sky in the late Qing Dynasty was filled with clouds and was swaying with wind and rain. The ancient empire is in pain and confusion in the mysterious world. Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup and imprisoned Guangxu; Kangliang fled; the Boxer Rebellion swept the north; Western forces competed for their interests in China. All forces engage in a life-and-death game. With concise and expressive writing style and detailed and accurate historical materials, the novel originally presents the great changes that lasted for thirteen years from 1898 to 1900 in the late Qing Dynasty. The original appearance presents the situation in which the building is about to collapse and collapse in the late Qing Dynasty. It shows the embarrassment of the country's important ministers and elites who are struggling to make up for the loss but are short of resources. It deeply touches the bone-breaking pain of the nation's efforts to save itself from internal and external troubles. Writer Li Keding's ambition is to enter the historical scene. In the novel, he not only puts himself in the turmoil of the political whirlpool of the late Qing Dynasty, but also calmly examines the operation of the bureaucratic machine under the thousand-year-old autocratic system from a modern perspective; he can not only sympathize with the confusion and rush in the transformation of the old and the new, but also be as precise and sharp as a surgeon, cutting straight to the point of pain and drawing blood.

Since the Qing Dynasty, China has had frequent contacts and collisions with Western countries. Beginning with Macartney's visit to China in 1793, Western countries, through trading companies, missionaries, diplomats and other channels, collected a large amount of intelligence about the Qing Dynasty's political economy and society, and used it in subsequent military conflicts (such as the Opium War, the invasion of the British and French forces, etc.) To achieve the purpose of aggression. Based on precious reports from Western media over the past century, combined with original Chinese historical materials such as "Records of the Qing Dynasty" and "The Imperial Qing Dynasty Conference", the author tells a picture of the Qing Dynasty gradually falling behind, declining and even collapsing in its interactions with Western powers.

Xi'an is the seat of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was the country's political, economic and cultural center and a well-known international metropolis, playing an important role in economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The book "Research on the History and Culture of the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an" collects more than 60 representative works of Tang history experts in Xi'an on the research on the history and culture of the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an. "Research on the History and Culture of the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an" covers the basic structure, urban style, historical status and many aspects of the history of the Tang Dynasty in Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. The book "Research on the History and Culture of the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an" reflects to a certain extent the results of the research on the history and culture of the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an. It can be used as a reference for the majority of literature and history lovers.

From Hongwu's magnificent founding of the country to Chongzhen's desperate suicide, the Ming Dynasty went through 16 emperors and lasted for 276 years. It was both prosperous and absurd, and glorious and turbulent. When it is prosperous, it will spread its power overseas, and all nations will come to court; when it is chaotic, refugees will spread everywhere, leaving them vulnerable to attack. Why did a huge country go from dominating the world and becoming powerful to being riddled with holes and crumbling? What happened in the middle? Who hindered the Ming Dynasty's repeated signs of resurgence? Behind the turbulent current situation, how many games of power and people's hearts are hidden? The famous historical scholar Wen Gongyi used the eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty as the main line to describe in detail important events such as the "Tumu Fort Incident", "Seizing the Gate" and "Grand Meeting", as well as the three suspicious cases of "Strike", "Hongwan" and "Relocation of the Palace". It vividly depicts the capricious emperor's mind, the cruel and dark power struggle and the bizarre officialdom of the Ming Dynasty. The author's arguments are fair and credible, his writing style is easy to understand, and his wording is rigorous but not difficult. Through the struggle between the government and the public and the palace life in the Ming Dynasty, you can understand the various ills of the Ming Empire and the root causes of its prosperity and decline in one book.

The History of the Rise and Fall of the Ming Empire tells the story of the relationship between the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty and the rise and fall of its bureaucracy and army. In the history of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, a rogue and bandit, established the dynasty with a strong army and was recorded in history books as Emperor Taizu Gao. However, the failed Li Zicheng became a thief, thief, bandit, and bandit. Although he was also an emperor, old historians were snobbish. However, force can be used to seize political power, but it cannot be used to govern a country. To govern a country, you must establish a bureaucracy that is easy to use and can be used by the emperor, and bureaucracy must use literati. The interests of the scholar-bureaucrats were consistent with the imperial power. They served the imperial power and helped the emperor govern the country. Once this institution was completely corrupted, the empire would inevitably fall. The famous historian Wu Han uses a fair and rigorous attitude, real and interesting historical materials, and reveals the historical logic behind the rise and fall of the Ming Empire from the two main perspectives of bureaucracy and the army. The mirror of history In ancient times, students studied hard for ten years, but after getting the diploma, they married a concubine for themselves; officials said they were honest and honest, but privately they spent wantonly and indulged in prostitution; famous Confucian scholars claimed to be indifferent to fame and fortune, but in reality After entering an official position, you will be greeted by both sides, worshiping the superior and suppressing the inferior... History is a mirror. It can not only reflect the rise and fall of dynasties and the change of dynasties, but also reflect the thoughts of people at that time, social customs, and the complex human nature hidden under the bright appearance. "Mirror of History" tells us in detail the causes, manifestations, effects of corruption and thoughts on anti-corruption in history from the perspectives of traditional Chinese ethics and social atmosphere. The Chinese people's rules of survival If a person wants to survive in society, he must abide by the society's rules of survival. In the past dynasties of China, the emperor had his own rules for living, officials had their own rules for officials, and the common people had their own rules for living. Everyone struggled and lived within the rules of the game set by the society at that time. In the feudal society, the emperor came from all over the world and was worshiped by thousands of people. In order to maintain the ancestral foundation, he also had to compete with everyone; the officials were superior to others and had infinite glory in appearance, but they also accompanied the emperor like a tiger and were on tenterhooks all day long; the people always thought that it was good to be ordinary and stick to their duties, but they did not want to be exploited at all levels. The famous historian Wu Han interprets the survival rules of ancient Chinese people from a historical perspective, summarizes their survival wisdom and experiences and lessons, and uses history to draw lessons from the present. From "Jin Ping Mei" to "Along the River During the Qingming Festival": Wu Han's Notes on Reading History The famous historian Wu Han unearthed long-standing historical stories from a series of rare classics and documents. Here, we can see people's misunderstanding and misinterpretation of "The Plum in the Golden Lotus", the historical connection between "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" and "The Plum in the Golden Lotus", the evolution of the story of Queen Mother of the West, the ancient stories and their systems in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", and the truth about Hu Weiyong's party case in the Ming Dynasty. Prime Minister, Wang Maoyin's currency reform in the Xianfeng era, and Li Manzhu who was tampered with, forged and distorted in the history of the founding of the state... Wu Han relayed these vivid historical stories to the public through accurate interpretation and rigorous reasoning, allowing us to enjoy the fun of reasoning in history!

This book was originally a history textbook written by Mr. Lu Simian for senior high school students. It is easy to understand and serves as "the door to the door and the ladder to the ladder" for learning Chinese history. The book starts from the ancient times and ends with the year of the author's writing (1922). The book is divided into several parts: ancient history, medieval history, modern history, modern history, and modern history. It covers various eras such as Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, Xia, Shang, and Zhou. The content involves specialized knowledge in history, geography, grammar, exegesis, and forgery, and covers various fields such as politics, economy, culture, system, and nation. It runs through all eras and looks at all fields. In addition, the reference reading lists listed in the book provide directions for further study and discussion of history and other knowledge.

This book is based on the cultural lectures given by five heavyweight experts from the School of Chinese Studies at Tsinghua University to leading cadres. It includes a set of lecture notes by five instructors on the theme of global history and globalization. It shows the characteristics of Chinese culture in global history from the perspectives of theoretical aspects, historical changes, economic and social development, and cultural diversity. The book retains a lively sense of place and face-to-face readability, with the aim of guiding readers to gain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and calmly think about the impact of globalization.

This book focuses on the study of the Chinese Communist Party's exploration of rural roads, especially the analysis of the political and economic environment, social and cultural trends of thought and other factors why the Chinese Communist Party chose rural roads.

The Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties were a dark and dazzling era in Chinese history. Here are the most beautiful men, the most straightforward women, the emperor who gave birth to the most sons, the most talented people who killed the most emperors, the wildest and most fascinating celebrities in history, and the freest and most repressive atmosphere. "The bright mirror reflects the image, and the ancient events inform the present." The author uses the characters of the Two Jin Dynasties as the main line, conducts serious research, sorts out the historical context, explores the cause and effect of events, and creates a history of the Two Jin Dynasties that people can understand at a glance and cannot afford to put down! "A History of the Two Jin Dynasties that I can't afford to put down, Volume 1" focuses on the beautiful and ugly, unrestrained and powerful history of the Western Jin Dynasty, which is extremely intense, contradictory, and more colorful than life.

The Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties were a dark and dazzling era in Chinese history. Here are the most beautiful men, the most straightforward women, the emperor who gave birth to the most sons, the most talented people who killed the most emperors, the wildest and most fascinating celebrities in history, and the freest and most repressive atmosphere. "The bright mirror reflects the image, and the ancient events inform the present." The author uses the characters of the Two Jin Dynasties as the main line, conducts serious research, sorts out the historical context, explores the cause and effect of events, and creates a history of the Two Jin Dynasties that people can understand at a glance and cannot afford to put down! "A History of the Two Jin Dynasties that I can't afford to put down, Volume 2" focuses on the changes of ownership in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the competition in the Central Plains, the southward migration of clothes, and the entry of Wuhu into China and other historical changes.

This book takes Qin Shihuang's inspection tour of the sand dunes where he died of illness in 210 BC as the starting point, and vividly reproduces the magnificent and ups and downs of history from Liu Bang's birth and uprising to the complete overthrow of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu's drama of enfeoffing the princes, Chu and Han fighting for hegemony, and Han defending the world. The story is meticulous, the characters are lifelike, and the language is lively. It is a rare masterpiece in the field of historical novel creation in recent years.

Feng Wuye, a popular author with over 2 million hits on Tianya, focuses on the study of pre-Qin history and is familiar with every historical event in the Spring and Autumn Period. The author spent two years collecting historical materials and searched hundreds of authoritative historical materials in Jiangsu Provincial Libraries and Museums. For each historical event in the article, there are at least two comparisons of materials, and multi-faceted research was conducted on controversial historical events to ensure the authenticity and reliability of each historical material. A History of the Spring and Autumn Period is a chronicle of Chinese youth, a set of books that straightens out the messy Spring and Autumn History!

This set includes: "Wang Yangming, the First Brother of the Ming Dynasty" and "Five Thousand Years of Knowledge and Action: Chinese History on Duyin Mountain". Content introduction: "Wang Yangming, the First Brother of the Ming Dynasty" is about: "Wang Yangming, the First Brother of the Ming Dynasty" uses a modern, vivid and humorous writing style to completely outline the life of a generation of saints, Wang Yangming, and at the same time incorporates the formation, development, perfection and maturity of Wang Yangming's philosophy. "Five Thousand Years of Knowledge and Action: Chinese History from Duyin Mountain" is about: "Five Thousand Years of Knowledge and Action" is a set of popular Chinese history, with a total of five volumes, telling the five thousand years of history from the mythical period to the end of the Qing Dynasty. This is the first volume, which mainly talks about the historical development from the founding of Pangu to Wang Mang of the Western Han Dynasty.

From 1872 to 1875, the Qing government selected 120 young children to study in the United States. The purpose was to allow these young children to learn advanced Western military and technology in order to resist the invasion of China by foreign powers. Awaken the sleeping ancient civilization and lead the country towards modernization. This is the earliest government-sponsored study abroad program in China's modern history. This book completely and meticulously describes the study and life of young children while studying in the United States, as well as the various life experiences of these young children after they returned to China because they were recalled midway because their study abroad plans were shelved. The book reproduces the past of these young children in this turbulent era, including Tang Shaoyi, Liang Dunyan, Liang Ruhao, Li Enfu, Cai Shaoji, Zhong Wenyao, Zhan Tianyou, Cai Tingqian, Rong Shangqian, etc., Who showed their talents and abilities in different fields and changed China's economic, diplomatic and political affairs, as well as the conflicts and challenges they faced in that era.

This book is a large-scale academic special issue of the Tang Research Foundation, which publishes research papers and book reviews on the literature, history, archeology, and art of the Tang Dynasty. The papers in this book are generally written by experts in certain fields specially invited by the editor-in-chief, and the papers with the most academic standards are selected through anonymous review. Since its inception, this journal has been highly praised by experts and scholars at home and abroad, believing that it represents the highest level of historical research on the Tang Dynasty in China in the world today, and its papers are constantly cited by scholars at home and abroad.

"The Great History of China" is divided into five different periods according to the changes in Chinese history and society: ancient history, medieval history, modern history, modern history, and modern history. It describes in detail the history of China from ancient times to the eleventh year of the Republic of China.

Lu Simian's complete collection of historical and Chinese studies includes three volumes: "General History of China", "Great History of China" and "Encyclopedia of Knowledge on Chinese Studies". "General History of China" is Mr. Lu Simian's famous historical work. It is also the first general history of China written in vernacular in the history of our country. The book is divided into two volumes. The first volume is the cultural history of China, drawing on the canonical system of ancient history books. It is divided into eighteen topics according to chapters, such as marriage, clan system, political system, class, property, official system, and elections. The extensive content is completely consistent with the meaning of today's "big culture"; the second volume is the political history of China, starting from the origin of the nation and narrating the historical events of the past dynasties until the founding of the Republic of China. Five thousand years of Chinese history are condensed into one book. "General History of China" is permeated with Lu Simian's spirit of using new methods and new ideas to organize the old country. The whole book "writes general history with rich historical knowledge and smooth writing style, so as to open a new era for the writing of general history." "The Great History of China" is divided into five different periods according to the changes in Chinese history and society: ancient history, medieval history, modern history, modern history, and modern history. It describes in detail the history of China from ancient times to the eleventh year of the Republic of China. "Encyclopedia of Knowledge on Chinese Studies" includes Mr. Lu Simian's "Introduction to Chinese Studies", "Jingzi Jingzi Problems", "Introduction to Pre-Qin Academics", "Outline of Neo-Confucianism", "History of Chinese Culture", "Historical Research Methods", "History and Historical Records", and "How to Read Chinese Historical Books". It is the most comprehensive guide to teach introductory methods to Chinese studies so far.

This is a historical book that combines classics and historical pictures to introduce the relationship between the five emperors from Yongzheng to Xianfeng and the Old Summer Palace. Among them, Yongzheng and Daoguang died in the Old Summer Palace, while Jiaqing and Xianfeng were born in the Old Summer Palace. The major events that occurred in the Old Summer Palace and influenced the modern history of China tell the story of the rise and fall of the Qing Dynasty from a special perspective; the stories in the lives of the emperors are colorful, treacherous, and thought-provoking. The Old Summer Palace is such a historical witness.

The development of education during the Republic of China has always been one of the more prominent achievements of the Republic of China. It is the source of the rise of modern education in China and is also the subject of "Thematic History of the Republic of China Volume 10: The Transformation and Development of Education". "Thematic History of the Republic of China Volume 10: The Transformation and Development of Education" is divided into eight chapters, which describe the transformation and development of education in the early Republic of China, the exploration of education in the 1920s, the promotion of education after the establishment of the National Government, the persistence and development of Chinese education in the ten years before the Anti-Japanese War and during the war, education in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, post-war education, and the development of private education in modern China.

This book mainly studies the economic and social life of two large areas between 1937 and 1945 - the rear area and the occupied areas. Marked by the westward movement of the National Government and the later establishment of the Wang Puppet Government, China at that time presented two states. This is the focus of this book. This book mainly studies the economic and social life of two large areas between 1937 and 1945 - the rear area and the occupied areas. Marked by the westward movement of the National Government and the later establishment of the Wang Puppet Government, China at that time presented two states. This is the focus of this book.

Starting from the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, this book selects 70 representative figures of the year according to the year. Using their deeds and achievements as clues, this book attempts to use the points of these figures to witness the destiny of the country and the country, as well as the social, historical and cultural development and changes of the Republic in the context of the times in the past 70 years. A review of the 70-year development history of the Republic can further increase national self-esteem and self-confidence. The manuscript is rich in information, solid in content, lively in writing, and highly readable.

The history of Macao from 1911 to 1949 is a period of modern Macao history that needs to be further explored and studied. "Thematic History of the Republic of China Volume 18: Revolution, War and Macao" focuses on the special experiences Macao experienced during this period based on the reference and citation of a large number of historical archives. The historical process, the relationship between the details of Macao's history and the isomorphic resonance of the destiny of the Chinese nation, and the close relationship with the intertwined world history of the two major themes of revolution and war have been rigorously and meticulously studied during this period. This unforgettable tortuous period in Macao's history has been objectively and truly narrated.

The documents compiled in this volume include the complete collection of Taiwan's "National History Museum" and "Ministry of Foreign Affairs" and the complete collection of "Cultural Relics of President Chiang Kai-shek", as well as an appendix. The entire file of the "Ministry of Foreign Affairs" is to "collect information on Japan's illegal activities and submit it to the League of Nations investigation team" (Volume 1 to Volume 6); the entire file of "Cultural Relics of Chiang Kai-shek's "President"" is to collect the files related to the "Litton Investigation Team" in the entire file; the appendix is ​​"The Shenyang Incident" in the "Preliminary Draft of the Minutes of the Ministry of Japanese Invasion (Bound Edition)".

This collection of documents compiles the multilingual versions of the "Report of the League of Nations Surveying Mission" published earlier to facilitate researchers' comparison and research. 1. The English version of the "Report of the League of Nations Survey" is from the official version published on October 1, 1932, local time in Geneva. It is now in the Library of the League of Nations in Geneva. 2. The Chinese version of the "Report of the League of Nations Survey" is from the National Government. The "Report of the League of Nations Surveying Mission" translated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3. The Japanese version of the "Report of the League of Nations Surveying Mission" was taken from the "Report of the League of Nations Surveying Mission" translated by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and published publicly by Toji Shoin on October 10, 1932.

The materials compiled and included in this volume of documents come from the "League of Nations and United Nations Archives" in Geneva, and mainly select and translate the two files S30 and S31 in the "S" series. S30 records the symposium, China's request, and cable messages from all parties during the Litton investigation team's stay in Shanghai; S31 records the Litton investigation team's investigations, visits, conversations, and intelligence data collection in the Northeast region, including Qiqihar, Shanhaiguan, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Dalian, Jinzhou and other places.

The materials compiled and included in this volume of documents are all from the "League of Nations and United Nations Archives" in Geneva. The translated content mainly comes from the four volumes S36, S38, S39 and S40 in the "S" series. It includes submissions from agencies, groups and individuals in various places in the customs, including Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places.

The materials compiled and included in this volume of documents are all from the League of Nations and United Nations Archives in Geneva. The translation content mainly comes from the four files S36, S38, S39 and S40 in the "S" series. It includes submissions from agencies, groups and individuals from various places outside the customs such as Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Jilin.

The materials compiled in this book are the news reports of the JoongAng Ilbo about the time when the Lytton Investigation Team was investigating the truth about the Sino-Japanese conflict in the Far East. The time started in February 1932 when the Lytton Investigation Team left Europe and started its trip to the Far East, and ended in September of the same year when the Lytton Investigation Team left China and returned to Europe and before the release of the investigation team's report. These news materials reflect the investigation activities carried out by the Lytton Investigation Team in China and Japan, mainly in China, as well as the report written by the Lytton Investigation Team. They also reveal the changes in the attitude of the Chinese government, people and public opinion towards the Lytton Investigation Team. In addition, this volume also includes some of the negotiations between China and Japan on issues such as tariffs in Northeast China.

"New Culture Movement Historical Materials Series" is edited by Sun Yu, dean of the School of Liberal Arts of Renmin University of China. It is planned to be divided into six volumes in total: Marxism, literary reform, the dispute between the old and the new, education, women, and foreign literary trends. Each volume contains the most original archival materials from both the pros and cons in the relevant fields of the New Culture Movement from beginning to end, with annotations and supplemented by biographies of relevant figures; the entire series strives to completely reproduce the appearance of the New Culture Movement and provide current researchers and readers with first-hand materials that can be used for reference and investigation.

My country's ancient currency is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, with a history of using currency as long as five thousand years. This book describes the six major evolutions that ancient Chinese currency has experienced in the formation and development process: 1. The evolution from natural currency to artificial currency; 2. The evolution from chaotic shapes to standardized shapes; 3. The evolution from local mints to central mints; 4. The evolution from document weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao; 5. The evolution from metal currency to paper money Jiaozi; 6. The evolution from hand-made coins to machine-made banknotes.

"Observing the Situation and Observing the Wind: Memory, Public Opinion and Society in Modern China" focuses on the memory and imagination of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. From the perspective of the people at that time, it uses a large number of private documents to focus on the reading history of Zeng Guofan, the experience of the Revolution of 1911, and the May Fourth Records of modern Chinese intellectuals. Memories and reminiscences, Peking memories and cultural participation of anti-Japanese intellectuals, and social expectations around 1949 were discussed in depth. It is hoped that the complex features of modern Chinese intellectuals and society can be presented from a new perspective and with richer writing. The individual lives, memory fragments and ideological competition that "Observing the Situation and Observing the Wind: Memory, Public Opinion and Society in Modern China" attempts to trace are undoubtedly the lingering charm of modern China, and there is more of a fierce side, because in the so-called great changes unseen in three thousand years, waves of historical waves have swept under it, with fierce ambitions and repeated defeats. The trends and currents are worthy of revisiting and subdividing. Previously, for These appearances tend to be too realistic and pay less attention to the souls in all things. However, under the too rigid appearance, there are often twists and turns of the soul. Only people "know in which direction the wind is blowing" (borrowing Xu Zhimo's words). If we cannot find another way to this, regain the emphasis on "people" and shine the light of latent virtue, of course we will not be able to deeply understand the society that breeds these souls.

Zhang Zhidong has a famous saying in "Encouragement to Learning": "In ancient times, the clarity of world fortune and the rise and fall of talents lie in politics, while learning lies inside." What this book deals with is the part of "politics on the surface", including modern systems, characters and historical events, which are direct manifestations of the rise and fall of world fortune. The 20 texts included in the book span more than a hundred years, from the Jiadao period to the end of 1919. They explain the early dynasty of the late Qing monarch, the interaction between monarchs and ministers during summons, the operation of central institutions, how the emperor gave instructions, and confidential official communications. It attempts to reinterpret many political events that influenced the direction of history from an institutional perspective, including the Xinyou coup and the imperial family. The pavilion, the abdication of the Qing emperor, and the succession of power before and after the Revolution of 1911 also outline the performance of the Guangxu Emperor's biological father, Prince Chun Yixuan, the Minister to the United States Chen Lanbin, the Minister to the United Kingdom Wang Daxie, the influential figure Kang Youwei, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Lu Zhengxiang in major historical events. It reveals some subtle clues behind the historical events and figures that these people are familiar with, hoping to bring some new inspiration to readers.

"Eighty Years of Modern China" is a modern history book edited by Professor Chen Xulu. The book is concise and easy to understand, describing the 80-year history from the Opium War to the May 4th Movement. With clear arguments and rich historical facts, this book relatively systematically describes how modern China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society step by step, and highlights the epic anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle of the advanced Chinese people in order to save their motherland. Modern China was agitated by unprecedented changes in the times. Class contradictions and ethnic contradictions were extremely complex and sharp, manifested in frequent political struggles and armed struggles. The Chinese people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle drives society forward. This is the main line. In addition, there is also learning from foreign countries and the West, which manifests itself in seeking new scientific knowledge, exploring new theories, changing society, etc.

How did the ancestors of the Yellow River Basin lay the foundation of today's nation? What is the logic behind the choice of capitals in the past dynasties? How did the feudal society that lasted for three thousand years give birth to such a prosperous and unique civilization? "Compendium of General History of China" was written from primitive society to the eve of the Opium War. It does not record the words and actions of a few privileged individuals such as emperors and generals, but analyzes the living conditions of the people of the past dynasties. From this series of analyses, we explore the path that Chinese society has followed to develop forward, and sort out the historical context behind thousands of years of changes. The purpose of compiling "A Compendium of General History of China" is to allow readers to understand the basic laws of social development and the common future of the Chinese nation and the entire human society. Studying history for the sake of creating history is a significant difference between "Compendium of General History of China" and other academic works.

"Seven Hundred Years of the Xiongnu Empire" is a trustworthy history about the Xiongnu. The author Chen Xujing, with a rigorous textual research attitude, researched and compiled various historical materials about the Xiongnu, including not only Chinese history books represented by "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", but also the research results of foreign scholars such as "History of the Roman Empire" and "Chronicles". The author does not simply list historical materials, but analyzes them, providing readers with a rich reading reference. "The Seven Hundred Years of the Hun Empire" depicts the rich history of about 700 years from the time of Touman in the 3rd century BC to the death of Attila in the 5th century AD. Chen Xujing, a master of history, used time as a clue to start from the beginning when Man Chan Yu founded the country, Maodun Chan Yu killed his father and established himself, Hu Hanxie Chan Yu surrendered to the Han Dynasty, Zhi Zhi Chan Yu moved westward, until Attila, the whip of God, regained its glory. At the same time, he cleverly and meticulously outlined the 700-year social development process of the Huns Empire, covering the siege of Baideng, the Hundred Years' War between Hungary and Han, the founding of the country in Central Asia, Attila's conquest of Europe, etc.

"The World Conquest of the Mongol Empire" not only fully narrates and depicts the history of that time, but also makes a comprehensive and profound prediction of the development of world trends. We can not only explore the impact of Genghis Khan and the world empire he established on the entire world, but also comprehensively consider the extensive impact of Genghis Khan and his steppe empire on the world's military, political, economic, cultural and other aspects from the geographical environment and other aspects. "Steppe Empire" is a classic work written by Rene Grusset. It is a typical general history of Central Asia. This book is widely recognized by the world's historical circles for its detailed and systematic description of the three thousand years of history of the nomadic peoples of Eurasia. "Seven Hundred Years of the Hun Empire" takes time as a clue, starting from the beginning when Man Chanyu founded the country, Maodun Chanyu killed his father and established himself, Huhanxie Chanyu surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and Zhizhi Chanyu moved westward, until Attila, the whip of God, regained its glory. At the same time, it cleverly and meticulously outlined the 700-year social development process of the Hunnu Empire.

"Zizhi Tongjian" is an unprecedented chronological general history masterpiece compiled by Sima Guang and his assistants Liu Xun, Liu Shu and others over a period of 19 years. "Zizhi Tongjian" records historical facts from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties. Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty believed that this book was "qualified for governing the country in view of the past events", that is, it used historical gains and losses as a warning to help govern the country, so it was named "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". The original work is voluminous, covers a long period of time, and has many characters. It is not easy for teenagers to read the original work directly. Therefore, the editor selected some famous figures from the original work, adopted a correct view of history, and reproduced the historical characters and events recorded in the original work in the form of stories.

This is a complete and wonderful history of China, from Fuxi and Shennong, the struggle for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, the prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Yuan, Ming and Dynasties, and the turmoil of the late Qing Dynasty. It covers the history from ancient mythology to today, and comprehensively outlines the rise and fall of the overall destiny of the Chinese nation. Each dynasty is preceded by a chronology of major events and the dynasty lineage. This is an authoritative and professional history that systematically integrates history and life, focusing on historical figures. Proper nouns, cultural relics, events, etc. Are specially designed with more in-depth introductions and nearly 600 small columns to enhance the depth and breadth of historical knowledge. This is a history that can be fully touched. In the process of textual narration, after rigorous research, nearly 5,000 color pictures and photos of precious cultural relics are selected to visually display historical events and historical figures.

This book brings together the research results of young and middle-aged academic cutting-edge researchers in the field of medieval Chinese history, covering many aspects such as medieval politics, economy, religion, medical care, institutions, and art. It covers a wide range of topics and contains numerous new theories. This book is also an important platform for young and middle-aged scholars to discuss academic issues and exchange ideas. The contents of the fourth volume mainly include: "The arrangement of the nine ministers in the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties", "Reinterpretation of "Jiangzuo family has no meritorious officials"", "The Qin-Yan Controversy" and Murong and Tuoba's Restoration Movement, "Moving the Capital and the Evolution of the Political Geographic Pattern of the Northern Wei Dynasty", "Longitudinal Investigation of the Nine Xi Posthumous Gifts from the Honorable Officials of the Northern Wei Dynasty", "Ma Zheng in the Golden Age", etc.

My biggest feeling in studying is that studying Chinese history from a sociological perspective is a way out for both history and sociology. This is also the direction of my academic studies throughout my life. I don't want to regard feudal society as a static system. I try to analyze the process of its formation and collapse, and dissect the functions of its various social organizations and their relationships with each other. I hope there can be a more profound description. --Qu Tongzu "Chinese Feudal Society" This book is Qu Tongzu's first social history research work. The author believes that China's feudal society period is the entire Zhou Dynasty. On this basis, he takes all social phenomena of feudal society as the object of discussion, paying attention to their overall It analyzes the formation and collapse of feudal society, deeply describes the land system, patriarchal system, feudal classes, feudal politics, etc. Of feudal society, and dissects the functions and relationships of various social organizations in feudal society.

Today's China is in the process of vigorously promoting the development of urbanization. Reviewing, researching and discussing the history of urbanization are of great practical significance. This book is American sinologist Kunlun Si's research on Chengdu's urbanization development in the early 20th century. The original English version is published by Harvard University Press. From 1895 to 1937, urban management gradually evolved into one of China's top challenges. This book focuses on two important urban reform movements in Chengdu: the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty (started in 1901) and the municipal movement in the 1920s. In these two movements, the police and warlords played important roles respectively. Their motivations for reform were different, but they both had a profound impact on Chengdu's urbanization and laid the foundation for the prototype of Chengdu's modern city. The analysis and comparison of these two waves of urban reform movements in this book is mainly based on their important contributions to the field of modern Chinese history and urban history.

Chenghua has endless historical stories. Chenghua has a cultural landscape that I never tire of. The history of Chenghua is part of the long history of Bashu; the civilization growing on the land of Chenghua is an important part of the splendid Bashu civilization. In order to present this dazzling history and culture to people in a concentrated and clear way, while also preserving a precious spiritual wealth for future generations, the Chenghua District Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chenghua District People's Government, based on the resource endowment and reality of the entire district, will organize the preparation and publication of the "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" as one of the important contents of the "Cultural Brand Building" project. The Propaganda Department of the Chenghua District Committee, the Chenghua District Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Chenghua District Culture, Tourism and Sports Bureau, the Chenghua District Geography Office and other units took the lead in planning and organized a group of scholars and writers to jointly complete this series of books, which includes a comprehensive volume and a street volume, totaling 20 volumes. There are six comprehensive volumes and fourteen street volumes. The comprehensive volume narrates the past of Shahe from a macro perspective, cleans up historical relics, tells Hakka stories, describes the experience of pandas, expresses the development of poetry, and looks back at the glorious achievements of industrial civilization in the eastern suburbs. The street volume starts with more details, focusing on excavating and sorting out the historical and cultural fragments contained in the community and among the people. "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" is an in-depth look at Chenghua's long history and profound culture by Chenghua people, and it is also a deep affection and love that Chenghua people dedicate to the land beneath their feet!

Chenghua has endless historical stories. Chenghua has a cultural landscape that I never tire of. The history of Chenghua is part of the long history of Bashu; the civilization growing on the land of Chenghua is an important part of the splendid Bashu civilization. In order to present this dazzling history and culture to people in a concentrated and clear way, while also preserving a precious spiritual wealth for future generations, the Chenghua District Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chenghua District People's Government, based on the resource endowment and reality of the entire district, will organize the preparation and publication of the "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" as one of the important contents of the "Cultural Brand Building" project. The Propaganda Department of the Chenghua District Committee, the Chenghua District Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Chenghua District Culture, Tourism and Sports Bureau, the Chenghua District Geography Office and other units took the lead in planning and organized a group of scholars and writers to jointly complete this series of books, which includes a comprehensive volume and a street volume, totaling 20 volumes. There are six comprehensive volumes and fourteen street volumes. The comprehensive volume narrates the past of Shahe from a macro perspective, cleans up historical relics, tells Hakka stories, describes the experience of pandas, expresses the development of poetry, and looks back at the glorious achievements of industrial civilization in the eastern suburbs. The street volume starts with more details, focusing on excavating and sorting out the historical and cultural fragments contained in the community and among the people. "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" is an in-depth look at Chenghua's long history and profound culture by Chenghua people, and it is also a deep affection and love that Chenghua people dedicate to the land beneath their feet!

Chenghua has endless historical stories. Chenghua has a cultural landscape that I never tire of. The history of Chenghua is part of the long history of Bashu; the civilization growing on the land of Chenghua is an important part of the splendid Bashu civilization. In order to present this dazzling history and culture to people in a concentrated and clear way, while also preserving a precious spiritual wealth for future generations, the Chenghua District Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chenghua District People's Government, based on the resource endowment and reality of the entire district, will organize the preparation and publication of the "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" as one of the important contents of the "Cultural Brand Building" project. The Propaganda Department of the Chenghua District Committee, the Chenghua District Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Chenghua District Culture, Tourism and Sports Bureau, the Chenghua District Geography Office and other units took the lead in planning and organized a group of scholars and writers to jointly complete this series of books, which includes a comprehensive volume and a street volume, totaling 20 volumes. There are six comprehensive volumes and fourteen street volumes. The comprehensive volume narrates the past of Shahe from a macro perspective, cleans up historical relics, tells Hakka stories, describes the experience of pandas, expresses the development of poetry, and looks back at the glorious achievements of industrial civilization in the eastern suburbs. The street volume starts with more details, focusing on excavating and sorting out the historical and cultural fragments contained in the community and among the people. "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" is an in-depth look at Chenghua's long history and profound culture by Chenghua people, and it is also a deep affection and love that Chenghua people dedicate to the land beneath their feet!

Chenghua has endless historical stories. Chenghua has a cultural landscape that I never tire of. The history of Chenghua is part of the long history of Bashu; the civilization growing on the land of Chenghua is an important part of the splendid Bashu civilization. In order to present this dazzling history and culture to people in a concentrated and clear way, while also preserving a precious spiritual wealth for future generations, the Chenghua District Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chenghua District People's Government, based on the resource endowment and reality of the entire district, will organize the preparation and publication of the "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" as one of the important contents of the "Cultural Brand Building" project. The Propaganda Department of the Chenghua District Committee, the Chenghua District Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Chenghua District Culture, Tourism and Sports Bureau, the Chenghua District Geography Office and other units took the lead in planning and organized a group of scholars and writers to jointly complete this series of books, which includes a comprehensive volume and a street volume, totaling 20 volumes. There are six comprehensive volumes and fourteen street volumes. The comprehensive volume narrates the past of Shahe from a macro perspective, cleans up historical relics, tells Hakka stories, describes the experience of pandas, expresses the development of poetry, and looks back at the glorious achievements of industrial civilization in the eastern suburbs. The street volume starts with more details, focusing on excavating and sorting out the historical and cultural fragments contained in the community and among the people. "Chengdu·Chenghua History and Humanities Series" is an in-depth look at Chenghua's long history and profound culture by Chenghua people, and it is also a deep affection and love that Chenghua people dedicate to the land beneath their feet!