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Jan Mukarovsky can be called a leading figure in literary and aesthetic research of the Prague School. This book mainly focuses on three key words: "structure", "function" and "symbol". It is the first time in China to systematically introduce and study Mukarovsky's literary and artistic thoughts. On the one hand, from a diachronic perspective, it deeply interprets the original context in which Mukarovsky's theory emerged, and systematically sorts out the origin, development and influence of his theory; on the other hand, from a synchronic perspective, mainly through comparison with the Russian Formalist School and French Structuralism, some key concepts, core interests, and basic methods in his theory are analyzed, trying to reveal the harmonious but different aspects of Czech structuralism and traditional structuralism, and a fairer positioning of Mukarovsky's role in the development of world literary theory in the 20th century.