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This book mainly discusses three aspects: the origin of Erlitou Culture pottery and bronze ware, the production technology of Erlitou Culture pottery, and the exchanges between Erlitou Culture and surrounding cultures. Research on the origin of pottery based on chemical composition analysis and physical structure analysis reveals the internal organizational structure of the settlement and the relationship between settlements and between regions. Based on experimental analysis and empirical observation, the whole process investigation and horizontal comparison of the Erlitou Culture pottery production process revealed the technical characteristics of the Erlitou Culture pottery. The analysis of the foreign cultural factors seen in the Erlitou ruins and culture explores the driving force behind the formation of the Erlitou culture and the Xia Dynasty state. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the remains and relics, combined with scientific dating data, can be used to determine that the Erlitou Culture was divided into the Xia and Shang periods during the March and Fourth Periods.