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A tall and long city wall stands on Xi'an's East Street, making the street less like a street. However, after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and captured Xi'an City, the first thing they did was to build a full city inside Xi'an City. It was a city within a city, occupying about one-third of Xi'an City, and was located in the northeast corner of Xi'an City.

The Longci Spring area located in the Linfen Basin in southern Shanxi is a typical water-rich area on the Loess Plateau, which is generally short of water. Due to the special position of Longci Spring in people's production and life, it has become an important link connecting regional society, and then formed a relatively independent water conservancy community centered on water conservancy and flood disasters within a certain range. Based on a large number of field surveys, this book fully explores folk literature and adopts multidisciplinary research methods to examine the structure of Longci Water Conservancy Community from multiple perspectives such as environmental background, water conservancy development, water conservancy organization, water rights form, water conservancy system, water conservancy technology, water conservancy landscape, and regional interaction, and explores its changes and development over a long period of time on a millennium scale. The structural changes of Longci Water Conservancy Community have distinct time stages and regional specificities. Large-scale development of water conservancy began in the Tang Dynasty and was basically finalized in the Northern Song Dynasty. For the next 800 years, the overall structure of water conservancy communities remained unchanged until the exploration of the modernization process of water conservancy during the Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, water conservancy communities ushered in major structural changes. Every major change node is the result of the intervention of state power. Regional society is the subject of most historical time outside the node, and is the practitioner and adjuster of the national system. The specific elements of the structural change of Longci Water Conservancy Community are reflected in many aspects such as spring flow, irrigation area, water conservancy system, and the meaning of water. The principle of "integration of land, water, and money", the elitization of water conservancy management, and the relationship between upstream and downstream interests are the basic guarantees for the long-term stability of water conservancy communities. This book extends the study time limit of the social history of water conservancy to the collectivization period, and explores the gains and losses of national institutional arrangements during this period from the aspects of engineering construction, water conservancy technology and institutional changes. It affirmed its achievements in engineering and technology and its great contribution in promoting agricultural production. It also deeply reflected on the project quality and management methods of water conservancy construction, as well as its categorical denial of traditional culture.