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This book is divided into eight chapters. The research content includes the "two major systems" of ecological environment changes in the two Song Dynasties, the "five major environmental elements" of climate, water system, biology, landforms and soils, and mineral environment, and the "seven major branches" of accompanying environmental disasters and ecological awareness. Starting from the discussion of the history of ecological environment, it first elaborates on the spatiotemporal categories, theories, and methods of studying the history of ecological environment changes in the two Song Dynasties. Then, with rich first-hand information, it discusses the ecological environment status, ecological disasters and the historical trajectories of their changes in the two Song Dynasties, revealing the dynamic relationship, interaction, and changes between humans and ecosystems or humans and nature during this period. It summarizes the beneficial experiences and lessons of people at that time pursuing the "unity of nature and man" or the harmonious relationship between "man and nature". It puts forward important academic views that the harmony between man and nature is the basis of all harmonious relationships in the historical development of human society. It also conducts an overall assessment of the environmental elements in my country's ecological system during the two Song Dynasties. From a new perspective, this book strives to restore and reconstruct an objective and detailed historical section of the changes in the ecological environment system in the two Song Dynasties.