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"Spatial expression" is the basic theme of Chinese and Western art history research. This book is committed to using the stylistic method under the background of "simulating the history" of art in the Han and Tang Dynasties, taking the "spatial expression" issue of Dunhuang murals from the Northern Liang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty as the starting point, to systematically examine the integration process of the unique spatial expression methods of the Han nation and foreign Buddhist themes. It organically combines archaeological artworks, handed down works and documents, places the evolution of style history in its historical and cultural context, and explains the changes in style from the macro background of conceptual history, social history and cultural history. During the specific research process, from the basic perspective of spatial painting, we re-examined some important issues in the study of Chinese Buddhist art, such as the sinicization reform of Buddhist art in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the division of labor and cooperation of the Dunhuang craftsmen group in the late Northern Dynasties and the use of powder books, and the source of the patterns of the Pure Land Sutra paintings in the Tang Dynasty. We also tried to reveal the uniqueness of ancient Chinese art in expressing space.