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As the largest and most influential prose school in the Qing Dynasty, the Tongcheng School was closely related to the academic development of the Qing Dynasty. This relationship is manifested in the following: first, the Tongcheng School, as the backbone of Qing Dynasty scholarship, is similar to Qing Dynasty scholarship in its development trajectory; second, there is a complex relationship between it and Qing Dynasty Sinology that is both competitive and compatible. The Tongcheng School held the position of academic orthodoxy during the Qing Dynasty, but after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, it was denounced as a "fallacy". This ups and downs in academic and political status made the Tongcheng School have typical significance in academic research. Sorting out the evolution of the Tongcheng School's academic thought will not only help understand the evolution of modern Chinese academic thought, but also help understand the relationship between traditional Chinese academic development and politics, and help understand the political feelings and academic spirit of intellectuals within the system in traditional Chinese society.