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Oral history is one of the few research methods and disciplines that emerged after World War II that has both academic research significance, social action agenda, and public historical value. After more than 60 years of development, oral history has not only contributed to the continuous deepening and innovation of historical research, but has also been widely used in many fields such as the humanities, social and natural sciences, and has played a very important role in promoting interdisciplinary applications and cross-research. As the birthplace of modern oral history, this book provides a relatively comprehensive and systematic review of the origin, development process, international background, basic characteristics, theoretical research, interdisciplinary applications, oral history education and major challenges faced by modern American oral history. It also hopes to provide some reference for the development and construction of Chinese oral history, which is still in the ascendant.