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This book explores the unique political and military system of the Khitan Dynasty (907-1125). The author makes a new interpretation of historical controversial issues such as the governance of Oruduo and its prefectures and counties, the characteristics and functions of the central government agencies, the establishment of the Five Capitals, the Imperial Guard system, and the "Zhen Army". This provides a new historical perspective and a new way of research for in-depth observation and understanding of the ruling system of the Liao regime established by the nomadic Khitan people. The appendix of this book, in addition to supplementary research on the Khitan official name "Xianwen", the imperial examination in the Liao Dynasty, the stay in the five capitals, and the Liao emperor's visit to the five capitals, also discusses the evolution of the Chinese "er" sound in the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties. From a linguistic perspective, it provides a glimpse of the evolution of Chinese pronunciation brought about by the multi-ethnic language contact in the northern region during the Khitan rule, and thus provides new evidence for the source of some historical materials in "History of Liao".