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The northwest referred to in this topic is limited to the four provinces of Gansu, Ningxia (including Alxa and Ejina Banners, now part of Inner Mongolia), Qinghai, and Xinjiang during the Republic of China. The research subjects include the Hui, Dongxiang, Salar, Baoan, Tibetan, Tu, and Mongolian ethnic groups that mainly live in the Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai regions, and the Uyghur, Kazakh, Kirgiz, Tajik, Uzbek, Tatar, Russian, and Xibe ethnic groups that mainly live in the Xinjiang region. Since this area is the famous Northwest Plateau, it actually consists of most of the Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and part of the Loess Plateau. According to the characteristics of the natural ecological environment and ethnic distribution, it can be divided into two parts: the Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai regions and the Xinjiang region. Therefore, in this research, the discussion is often carried out from the two parts of the Gansu, Ningxia, and Xinjiang regions.