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With the novel "The Grapes of Wrath", John Steinbeck established his position in the American literary world in the 1930s and became a famous people's novelist in the United States. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is a famous writer during the Great Depression in the United States. But in reality, Steinbeck's richness goes far beyond that. Steinbeck was both a literary writer and an amateur marine ecologist. In recent years, as critics reinterpret the classic writer's works from the perspective of ecocriticism, his interest in marine ecology and concern for the human living environment have attracted a certain amount of attention. Based on the context of the new era, this book starts from the perspective of ecocriticism, combines his ecological narratives in diaries and letters, and uses "The Golden Cup" and other seven works that were created in different periods but ignored by most scholars as the main research base. It deeply analyzes the rich ecological thoughts contained in these texts and strives to explain the internal consistency of Steinbeck's ecological thoughts, thereby showing readers a new image of Steinbeck. This book attempts to show that Steinbeck was not just an angry writer in the United States in the 1930s, but also a writer who was forward-thinking and made positive contributions to ecological science, environmental ethics and environmental protection. It aims to reveal the richness and diversity of Steinbeck's literary world and point out the importance of studying Steinbeck from a new perspective without political bias.