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This book takes the water resources in Beijing and Zhizhi during the Beiyang Government as an entry point, conducts a detailed review of the landforms, climate, water resources distribution and characteristics of the Beijing and Zhizhi area, and conducts a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, causes and effects of floods and droughts in Beijing and Zhizhi. During the Beiyang Government, the local government in Beijing and directly under the Central Government strengthened the management of water affairs in Beijing and directly through measures such as improving water affairs institutions, cultivating water affairs talents, intensifying water law enforcement, mediating water disputes, and establishing water conservancy committees. Through water conservancy construction such as water conservancy surveying, farmland water conservancy projects, flood control projects, shipping water conservancy projects, and water conservancy hub projects, it promoted the socioeconomic development of the Beijing directly under the Central Government. This book deepens the research on the history of water conservancy in the Beijing-Zhizhi area and has important academic value and practical significance.