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This book attempts to analyze and explain what kind of group characteristics the emperors of the Ming Dynasty had? Why were the emperors in the middle and late Ming Dynasties incompetent? Why was the political operation of the Ming Dynasty still relatively stable despite the emperor's "role anomie"? What is the connection between the "problematic emperor" of the Ming Dynasty and the movements and trends of indulgence, money worship, hedonism, and the pursuit of individual liberation that were prevalent in society at that time? What role did the "problem emperor" play in the late Ming Dynasty? What is its relationship with social changes (especially changes in scholars)? How should we evaluate what scholars call a "highly developed civil service system"? How to evaluate the emperor's personal perceptual knowledge and the rational constraints of institutional norms? Is power dominating rationality, or is rationality constraining power?