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The Republic of China period was a period of social transformation that witnessed rapid changes in modern Chinese society. Not only did the central government establish a modern government system that was completely different from the traditional one, but the local government system also presented unprecedented new changes and many complex new problems. This book takes the commissioner district office system, which is located between the provincial system and the county system, as the research theme. It is a more appropriate perspective to see the changes in local government and social transformation during this period. The author systematically combs the historical context of the establishment, development, and evolution of the administrative inspectorate office system during the Republic of China, deeply explores the internal organizational structure, daily operations, and the interrelationships between administrative levels of the administrative inspectorate office system, studies the interactive relationship between the commissionerate office system and local administrative theories and concepts, and then reveals the laws and characteristics of the change and transformation of the local government system, and summarizes the experience and lessons learned in the process of modern and contemporary local government reform and modernization transformation.