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This book is the first survey report that comprehensively and systematically introduces the rock paintings in the Xilin Gol area. Xilin Gol is one of the three major grasslands in my country. It has rich rock art remains and is in good preservation condition. In the autumn of 2016, Renmin University of China and the Xilingol League Cultural Relics Protection and Management Station conducted a systematic survey of the rock art remains in Xilingol. The investigation involved 25 rock painting sites, recording 1,396 rock paintings and 3,968 individual rock paintings. The Xilin Gol rock paintings have a wide range of themes, vivid shapes, and flexible expression forms, which provide important physical reference materials for studying the production and life, economic methods, aesthetic consciousness, and religious concepts of the ancient Xilin Gol grassland.